Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Metabolic programming in pregnancy: studies in animal models

  • Proceedings
  • Published:
Genes & Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

References

  1. Barker DJ (2003) The developmental origins of adult disease. Eur J Epidemiol 18:733–736

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Beach RS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS (1982) Gestational zinc deprivation in mice: persistence of immunodeficiency for three generations. Science 218:469–471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bellinger L, Lilley C, Langley-Evans SC (2004) Prenatal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet programmes a preference for high-fat foods in the young adult rat. Br J Nutr 92:513–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bellinger L, Sculley DV, Langley-Evans SC (2006) Exposure to undernutrition in fetal life determines fat distribution, locomotor activity and food intake in ageing rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 30:729–738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bertram C, Trowern AR, Copin N, Jackson AA, Whorwood CB (2001) The maternal diet during pregnancy programs altered expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: potential molecular mechanisms underlying the programming of hypertension in utero. Endocrinology 142:2841–2853

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bogdarina I, Murphy HC, Burns SP, Clark AJ (2004) Investigation of the role of epigenetic modification of the rat glucokinase gene in fetal programming. Life Sci 74:1407–1415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brawley L, Torrens C, Anthony FW, Itoh S, Wheeler T, Jackson AA, Clough GF, Poston L, Hanson MA (2004) Glycine rectifies vascular dysfunction induced by dietary protein imbalance during pregnancy. J Physiol 554:497–504

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gambling L, Dunford S, Wallace DI, Zuur G, Solanky N, Srai SK, McArdle HJ (2003) Iron deficiency during pregnancy affects postnatal blood pressure in the rat. J Physiol 552:603–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gopalakrishnan GS, Gardner DS, Rhind SM, Rae MT, Kyle CE, Brooks AN, Walker RM, Ramsay MM, Keisler DH, Stephenson T, Symonds ME (2004) Programming of adult cardiovascular function after early maternal undernutrition in sheep. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287:R12–R20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Groot PH, van Vlijmen BJ, Benson GM, Hofker MH, Schiffelers R, Vidgeon-Hart M, Havekes LM (1996) Quantitative assessment of aortic atherosclerosis in APOE*3 Leiden transgenic mice and its relationship to serum cholesterol exposure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16:926–933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Huxley R, Neil A, Collins R (2002) Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis: is there really an inverse association between birthweight and subsequent blood pressure? Lancet 360:659–665

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Jackson AA, Dunn RL, Marchand MC, Langley-Evans SC (2002) Increased systolic blood pressure in rats induced by a maternal low-protein diet is reversed by dietary supplementation with glycine. Clin Sci (Lond) 103:633–639

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jones AP, Friedman MI (1982) Obesity and adipocyte abnormalities in offspring of rats undernourished during pregnancy. Science 215:1518–1519

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kalies H, Heinrich J, Borte N, Schaaf B, von Berg A, von Kries R, Wichmann HE, Bolte G (2005) The effect of breastfeeding on weight gain in infants: results of a birth cohort study. Eur J Med Res 10:36–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Khan IY, Taylor PD, Dekou V, Seed PT, Lakasing L, Graham D, Dominiczak AF, Hanson MA, Poston L (2003) Gender-linked hypertension in offspring of lard-fed pregnant rats. Hypertension 41:168–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Langley SC, Jackson AA (1994) Increased systolic blood pressure in adult rats induced by fetal exposure to maternal low protein diets. Clin Sci (Lond) 86:217–222; discussion 121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Langley-Evans AJ, Langley-Evans SC (2003) Relationship between maternal nutrient intakes in early and late pregnancy and infants weight and proportions at birth: prospective cohort study. J R Soc Health 123:210–216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Langley-Evans S (2004) Fetal programming of adult disease: an overview. In: Langley-Evans S (ed) Fetal nutrition and adult disease: programming of chronic disease through fetal exposure to undernutrition. CABI, Wallingford, pp 1–20

    Google Scholar 

  19. Langley-Evans S, Dunn R, Jackson A (1998) Blood pressure changes programmed by exposure to maternal protein restriction are transmitted to a second generation through the germ line. Proc Nutr Soc 57:78A

    Google Scholar 

  20. Langley-Evans SC (1997a) Hypertension induced by foetal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet, in the rat, is prevented by pharmacological blockade of maternal glucocorticoid synthesis. J Hypertens 15:537–544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Langley-Evans SC (1997b) Maternal carbenoxolone treatment lowers birthweight and induces hypertension in the offspring of rats fed a protein-replete diet. Clin Sci (Lond) 93:423–429

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Langley-Evans SC, Phillips GJ, Benediktsson R, Gardner DS, Edwards CR, Jackson AA, Seckl JR (1996) Protein intake in pregnancy, placental glucocorticoid metabolism and the programming of hypertension in the rat. Placenta 17:169–172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Langley-Evans SC, Welham SJ, Jackson AA (1999) Fetal exposure to a maternal low protein diet impairs nephrogenesis and promotes hypertension in the rat. Life Sci 64:965–974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lillycrop KA, Phillips ES, Jackson AA, Hanson MA, Burdge GC (2005) Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats induces and folic acid supplementation prevents epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring. J Nutr 135:1382–1386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. McMillen IC, Robinson JS (2005) Developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome: prediction, plasticity, and programming. Physiol Rev 85:571–633

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. McMullen S, Langley-Evans SC (2005) Maternal low-protein diet in rat pregnancy programs blood pressure through sex-specific mechanisms. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288:R85–R90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. McMullen S, Osgerby JC, Thurston LM, Gadd TS, Wood PJ, Wathes DC, Michael AE (2004) Alterations in placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 betaHSD) activities and fetal cortisol:cortisone ratios induced by nutritional restriction prior to conception and at defined stages of gestation in ewes. Reproduction 127:717–725

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Newell-Price J, Clark AJ, King P (2000) DNA methylation and silencing of gene expression. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11:142–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ozanne SE, Olsen GS, Hansen LL, Tingey KJ, Nave BT, Wang CL, Hartil K, Petry CJ, Buckley AJ, Mosthaf-Seedorf L (2003) Early growth restriction leads to down regulation of protein kinase C zeta and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 177:235–241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Plagemann A, Harder T, Rake A, Melchior K, Rohde W, Dorner G (2000) Hypothalamic nuclei are malformed in weanling offspring of low protein malnourished rat dams. J Nutr 130:2582–2589

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Plagemann A, Heidrich I, Gotz F, Rohde W, Dorner G (1992) Obesity and enhanced diabetes and cardiovascular risk in adult rats due to early postnatal overfeeding. Exp Clin Endocrinol 99:154–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ravelli AC, van Der Meulen JH, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Bleker OP (1999) Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally. Am J Clin Nutr 70:811–816

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Taylor PD, McConnell J, Khan IY, Holemans K, Lawrence KM, Asare-Anane H, Persaud SJ, Jones PM, Petrie L, Hanson MA, Poston L (2005) Impaired glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial abnormalities in offspring of rats fed a fat-rich diet in pregnancy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288:R134–R139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Vickers MH, Breier BH, Cutfield WS, Hofman PL, Gluckman PD (2000) Fetal origins of hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertension and postnatal amplification by hypercaloric nutrition. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E83–E87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Vickers MH, Breier BH, McCarthy D, Gluckman PD (2003) Sedentary behavior during postnatal life is determined by the prenatal environment and exacerbated by postnatal hypercaloric nutrition. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285:R271–R273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Woodall SM, Johnston BM, Breier BH, Gluckman PD (1996) Chronic maternal undernutrition in the rat leads to delayed postnatal growth and elevated blood pressure of offspring. Pediatr Res 40:438–443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Young L, Rees W, Sinclair K (2004) Programming in the pre-implantation embryo. In: Langley-Evans S (ed) Fetal nutrition and adult disease: programming of chronic disease through fetal exposure to undernutrition. CABI, Wallingford, pp 333–352

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author is supported by grants from the British Heart Foundation, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and the European Union (EARNEST).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. C. Langley-Evans.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Langley-Evans, S.C. Metabolic programming in pregnancy: studies in animal models. Genes Nutr 2, 33–38 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-007-0005-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-007-0005-x

Keywords

Navigation