Abstract
Living in a risky society, in which risk and uncertainty are the rule rather than the exception implies that individuals need to develop new psychological resources to face unpredictable changes and to consider risk and uncertainty as opportunities. This study presents a new definition of the construct of Subjective Risk Intelligence and a new scale to measure this construct, composed of four dimensions: imaginative capability, problem-solving self-efficacy, positive attitude toward uncertainty, and emotional stress vulnerability. The structure and the concurrent and discriminant validity of the scale have been verified, and have demonstrated good psychometric features. Indications for future research and applications in interventions are provided.
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Appendix
Appendix
Risk Intelligence Scale
Below you will find statements about some behaviors or mental states. Please mark with an X your level of agreement with respect to your life experience. Remember that there are no right or wrong answers.
Troverai di seguito alcune affermazioni che descrivono comportamenti o stati d’animo. Indica su una scala a 5 livelli quanto sei d’accordo con esse in rapporto alla tua esperienza. Non esistono risposte giuste o sbagliate; prova a rispondere sinceramente, mettendo una crocetta X su una delle cinque caselle.
Per nulla d’accordo | Poco d’accordo | Mediamente d’accordo | Molto d’accordo | Totalmente d’accordo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strongly disagree | Slightly agree | Moderately agree | Agree | Strongly agree | |
1. Sono capace di individuare soluzioni positive di fronte ai problemi | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I am able to identify positive solutions to problems. | |||||
2. L’incertezza su come evolverà una situazione, mi paralizza | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
The uncertainty about possible developments of a situation paralyzes me. | |||||
3. Credo di essere in grado di inventare nuove procedure anziché limitarmi a seguire quelle stabilite da altri | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
To be able to create new procedures, I think for myself instead of following procedures established by others. | |||||
4. Le situazioni del tutto nuove mi spaventano | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Totally new situations scare me. | |||||
5. Di fronte ad un problema inaspettato, la mia prima reazione è di paura | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Fear is my first reaction when there is an unforeseen problem. | |||||
6. Mi sento in grado di prendere decisioni anche quando non possiedo tutte le informazioni | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I feel able to make decisions even when I don’t have all the information. | |||||
7. I nuovi progetti mi stimolano subito nuove idee | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
New projects cause me to have new ideas. | |||||
8. Se rifletto su un nuovo progetto, riesco a proporre idee diverse | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
When I am thinking about a new project, I am able to propose different points of view. | |||||
9. Quando mi si presenta un problema, mi sento in grado di trovare rapidamente una chiave di lettura | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
When I face a problem, I am able to rapidly find an interpretation. | |||||
10. Ho idee originali rispetto agli altri | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I have original ideas compared to others. | |||||
11. Mi sento in grado di cavarmela bene, anche in circostanze che non avevo previsto | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I do all right, even in unexpected circumstances. | |||||
12. Ho una ricca diversità di idee | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I am full of ideas. | |||||
13. In un nuovo progetto, cerco approcci non tradizionali | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
With a new project, I look for untraditional approaches. | |||||
14. Tendo a scoraggiarmi di fronte agli imprevisti | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I tend to be discouraged when there are accidents. | |||||
15. Sono in grado di trovare soluzioni nuove di fronte ad un problema | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I am able to find new solutions when I am facing a problem. | |||||
16. Ho paura del cambiamento | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I am afraid of change. | |||||
17. Sono in grado di risolvere un problema da solo | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I am capable of finding solutions to problems myself. | |||||
18. Quando sono preoccupato/a per qualcosa, ho difficoltà a concentrarmi su tutto il resto | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
When I feel fearful about something, I have difficulty concentrating on everything. | |||||
19. I miei stati d’animo influiscono sulle mie attività di studio/lavoro | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
My mental state affects my work/school performance. | |||||
20. Quando sono di cattivo umore mi riesce difficile fare qualsiasi cosa | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
When I am in a bad mood, I have difficulty doing everything. | |||||
21. Mi sento sicuro delle mie capacità | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I am sure about my abilities. |
Emotional stress vulnerability: items 18, 19, and 20.
Negative attitude toward uncertainty: items 2, 4, 5, 14, and 16.
Imaginative capability: items 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 15.
Problem-solving self-efficacy: items 1, 6, 9, 11, 17, 21.
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Craparo, G., Magnano, P., Paolillo, A. et al. The Subjective Risk Intelligence Scale. The Development of a New Scale to Measure a New Construct. Curr Psychol 37, 966–981 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9673-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9673-x