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A Review of Interventions to Enhance HIV Medication Adherence

  • Behavioral-Bio-Medical Interface (RJ DiClemente and JL Brown, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current HIV/AIDS Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 15 September 2021

This article has been updated

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is crucial for the successful treatment of HIV. Unfortunately, it is estimated that 45% of persons living with HIV (PLWH) have poor adherence to ART. To provide health care professionals and PLWH with effective tools for supporting adherence, researchers have investigated the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to enhance adherence to ART. In this paper, interventional studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses that examine ART adherence interventions for PLWH are reviewed.

Recent Findings

There is great variability among interventions in terms of quality, sample, measures, and outcome characteristics. Despite a diverse and wide-ranging assortment of ART adherence interventions, consistent lessons have been learned. Interventions that focus on individual and interpersonal factors have been effective for improving ART adherence; however, the improvement in adherence tends to be short-lived. Additionally, interventions are most successful when tailored to those at risk for poor adherence. Finally, theory-based interventions are more likely to be effective than non-theory-based interventions.

Summary

A variety of individual-level psychological interventions have been shown to be effective in improving ART adherence in the short term. Digital and mobile interventions have the potential to improve dissemination and implementation of these evidence-based interventions and could be used to extend intervention effects. Future interventions that address issues of accessibility, inequality, structural and institutional barriers to ART adherence should also be tested and prioritized. Implementation science frameworks can be used to assess and address issues of accessibility and systematic barriers to care.

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This work was facilitated by the Providence/Boston Center for AIDS Research (P30AI042853).

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Laura B. Whiteley & Elizabeth M. Olsen

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA

    Kayla K. Haubrick, Enyonam Odoom, Nicholas Tarantino & Larry K. Brown

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Whiteley, L.B., Olsen, E.M., Haubrick, K.K. et al. A Review of Interventions to Enhance HIV Medication Adherence. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 18, 443–457 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-021-00568-9

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