Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Oxidative stress: Changes in pregnancy and with gestational diabetes mellitus

  • Published:
Current Diabetes Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pregnancy is susceptible to oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses can be altered in response to elevated levels of oxidative stress. Limited data in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) suggest that products of lipid peroxidation may be increased and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased, although the results have been inconsistent. As in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glycemic levels in patients with GDM correlate with concentrations of lipid peroxides. The effects of supplementation with antioxidants or antioxidant-rich food in T2DM are controversial. Whether or not increased antioxidant intake can reduce the complications of GDM in both mother and fetus has not been explored.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Recommended Reading

  1. Casanueva E, Viteri FE: Iron and oxidative stress in pregnancy. J Nutr 2003, 133:1700S-1708S. A comprehensive review on oxidative stress in pregnancy, focusing on evidences of oxidative stress and defense mechanisms and its relation to iron in pregnancy.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Poston L, Raijmakers MTM: Trophoblast oxidative stress, antioxidants and pregnancy outcome: a review. Placenta 2004, 25(suppl A):S72-S78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dandona P, Thusu K, Cook S, et al.: Oxidative damage to DNA in diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1996, 347:444–445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Davi G, Ciabattoni G, Consoli A, et al.: In vivo formation of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2_ and platelet activation in diabetes mellitus. Circulation 1999, 99:224–229.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Coughlan MT, Permezel M, Georgiou HM, et al.: Repression of oxidant-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activity mediates placental cytokine responses in gestational diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:3585–3594.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang JY, Sarker AH, Cooper PK, et al.: The single-strand DNA binding activity of human PC4 prevents mutagenesis and killing by oxidative DNA damage. Mol Cell Biol 2004, 24:6084–6093.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Coughlan MT, Vervaart PP, Permezel M, et al.: Altered placental oxidative stress status in gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2004, 25:78–84. Shows the presence of oxidative stress and the induction of key antioxidant enzyme activity in the placenta from women with GDM.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, et al.: Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction? Diabetes 2003, 52:1–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus [no authors listed]. Diabetes Care 2005, 28(suppl 1):S37-S42.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Xiang AH, Peters RK, Trigo E, et al.: Multiple metabolic defects during late pregnancy in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1999, 48:848–854.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Catalano PM, Huston L, Amini SB, et al.: Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy in obese women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999, 180:903–916.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Homko C, Sivan E, Chen X, et al.: Insulin secretion during and after pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:568–573.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Clark C, Qiu C, Amerman B, et al.: Gestational diabetes: should it be added to the syndrome of insulin resistance? Diabetes Care 1997, 20:867–871.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. VanderJagt DJ, Harrison JM, Ratliff DM, et al.: Oxidative stress indices in IDDM subjects with and without long-term diabetic complications. Clin Biochem 2001, 34:265–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Orhan H, Önderoglu L, Yücel A, et al.: Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in complicated pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003, 267:189–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Morris JM, Gopaul NK, Endresen MJR, et al.: Circulating markers of oxidative stress are raised in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998, 105:1195–1199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. McKinney ET, Shouri R, Hunt S, et al.: Plasma, urinary, and salivary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 _ levels in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000, 183:874–877.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. CollinsAR: Assays for oxidative stress and antioxidant status: applications to research into the biological effectiveness of polyphenols. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81(suppl):261S-267S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Shin CS, Moon BS, Park KS, et al.: Serum 8-hydroxy-guanine levels are increased in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2001, 24:733–737.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dizdaroglu M, Jaruga P, Rodriguez H: Measurement of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: comparison with measurement by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nucleic Acids Res 2001, 29:E12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lappas M, Permezel M, Rice GE: Release of proinflammatory cytokines and 8-isoprostane from placenta, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle from normal pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endrocinol Metab 2004, 89:5627–5633.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Arikan S, Konukoglu D, Arikan C, et al.: Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in maternal and cord blood. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2001, 51:145–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mihailovic M, Cvetkovic M, Ljubic A, et al.: Selenium and malondialdehyde content and glutathione peroxidase activity in maternal and umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid. Biol Trace Elem Res 2000, 73:47–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Block G, Dietrich M, Norkus EP, et al.: Factors associated with oxidative stress in human populations. Am J Epidemiol 2002, 156:274–285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Peuchant E, Brun JL, Rigalleau V, et al.: Oxidative and antioxidative status in pregnant women with either gestational or type 1 diabetes. Clin Biochem 2004, 37:293–298. Indicates that pregnant women with GDM or type 1 diabetes have increased maternal product of lipid peroxidation, which is positively correlated with glycemic level.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Konukoglu D, Kemerli GD, Sabuncu T, et al.: Protein carbonyl content in erythrocyte membranes in type 2 diabetic patients. Horm Metab Res 2002, 34:367–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zachara BA, Wardak C, Didkowski W, et al.: Changes in blood selenium and glutathione concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity in human pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1993, 35:12–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Carone D, Loverro G, Greco P, et al.: Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells during normal and diabetic pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1993, 51:103–109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Loverro G, Greco P, Capuano F, et al.: Lipoperoxidation and antioxidant enzymes activity in pregnancy complicated with hypertension. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996, 70:123–127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Toescu V, Nuttall SL, Martin U, et al.: Oxidative stress and normal pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol 2002, 57:609–613.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Toescu V, Nuttall SL, Martin U, et al.: Changes in plasma lipids and markers of oxidative stress in normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Clin Sci 2004, 106:93–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhang C, Williams MA, Sorensen TK, et al.: Maternal plasma ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Epidemiology 2004, 15:597–604.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Sobki SH, Al-Senaidy AM, Al-Shammari TA, et al.: Impact of gestational diabetes on lipid profiling and indices of oxidative stress in maternal and cord plasma. Saudi Med J 2004, 25:876–880.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Patrick TE, Hubel CA, Roberts JM: Evidence of increased oxidative stress, unexplained by lipid changes, is present in nulliparous black women from early gestation. Hypertens Pregnancy 2004, 23:91–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Rabini RA, Fumelli P, Galassi R, et al.: Increased susceptibility to lipid oxidation of low-density lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes from diabetic patients. Metabolism 1994, 43:1470–1474.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen X, Scholl TO, Leskiw MJ, et al.: Association of glutathione peroxidase activity with insulin resistance and dietary fat intake during normal pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88:5963–5968. Demonstrates an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity and insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and a positive relationship between the two.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kamath U, Rao G, Raghothama C, et al.: Erythrocyte indicators of oxidative stress in gestational diabetes. Acta Paediatr 1998, 87:676–679.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Silver HM, Seebeck MA, Carlson R: Comparison of total blood volume in normal, pre-eclamptic, and nonproteinuric gestational hypertensive pregnancy by simultaneous measurement of red blood cell and plasma volumes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998, 179:87–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Paolisso G, Giugliano D: Oxidative stress and insulin action: is there a relationship? Diabetologia 1996, 39:357–363.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ceriello A, dello Russo P, Amstad P, et al.: High glucose induces antioxidant enzymes in human endothelial cells in culture: evidence linking hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Diabetes 1996, 45:471–477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ceriello A, Bortolotti N, Crescentini A, et al.: Antioxidant defences are reduced during the oral glucose tolerance test in normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Eur J Clin Invest 1998, 28:329–333.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Facchini FS, Humphreys MH, DoNascimento CA, et al.: Relation between insulin resistance and plasma concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides, carotenoids, and tocopherols. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72:776–779.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kinalski M, Sledziewski A, Telejko B, et al.: Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence and acid-base status in cord blood at birth: the influence of diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2001, 33:227–231.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Chaudhari L, Tandon OP, Vaney N, et al.: Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in gestational diabetics. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2003, 47:441–446.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Montonen J, Knekt P, Järvinen R, et al.: Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:362–366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Paolisso G, D’Amore A, Giugliano D, et al.: Pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improve insulin action in healthy subjects and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am J Clin Nutr 1993, 57:650–656.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Paolisso G, D’Amore A, Balbi V, et al.: Plasma vitamin C affects glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects and in non-insulindependent diabetics. Am J Physiol 1994, 266:E261-E268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Dragsted LO, Pedersen A, Hermetter A, et al.: The 6-a-day study: effects of fruit and vegetables on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in healthy nonsmokers. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 79:1060–1072.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Liu S, Ajani U, Chae C, et al.: Long-term beta-carotene supplementation and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1999, 282:1073–1075.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Fuller CJ, Chandalia M, Garg A, et al.: RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation at pharmacologic doses decreases low-density-lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility but not protein glycation in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 1996, 63:753–759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Medicine Science Center and Dentistry of New Jersey-SOM, Two Medical Center Drive, Suite 390, 08084, Stratford, NJ, USA

    Xinhua Chen MD & Theresa O. Scholl PhD, MPH

Authors
  1. Xinhua Chen MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Theresa O. Scholl PhD, MPH
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, X., Scholl, T.O. Oxidative stress: Changes in pregnancy and with gestational diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 5, 282–288 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-005-0024-1

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-005-0024-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation