Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Sleep Quality and Duration Before and After Bariatric Surgery

  • Clinical Research
  • Published:
Obesity Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Shortened sleep duration causes hormonal and metabolic changes that favor fat accumulation and weight gain. Obesity, in turn, may reduce sleep quality and contribute to sleep loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sleep durations of individuals with morbid obesity, compared to their nonobese counterparts, and to determine the effects of surgical weight reduction on sleep duration and sleep quality.

Methods

The study population included 45 bariatric (BA) surgical patients (mean body mass index [BMI] = 49) and 45 gender-matched nonobese controls (NC; BMI = 24). Self-reported sleep durations were obtained and overall sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results

The data show that average sleep durations of the preoperative BA patients were significantly (p < 0.0001) less than those of the NC, i.e., 6.0 and 7.2 h, respectively. Sleep loss for the BA patients was associated with poor sleep quality, along with an increased frequency of conditions that interfere with sleep, including coughing and snoring, difficulty breathing, feeling too hot, and experiencing pain. Overall, 78% of the BA patients, compared to 36% of the NC, had PSQI scores indicative of poor sleep quality. Surgery after 3 to 12 months resulted in significant (p < 0.0001) weight loss (percentage total change in BMI = 34) and improved sleep quality, i.e., PSQI = 8.8 preoperatively vs. 4.6 postoperatively. Sleep durations increased significantly (p < 0.0001) post-surgery from 6.0 to 6.8 h.

Conclusions

Individuals with extreme obesity, compared to the nonobese, obtain less sleep and experience poorer sleep quality. Bariatric surgery improves sleep duration and quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Knutson KL, Spiegel K, Penev P, et al. The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11:163–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. National Center for Health Statistics. Percentage of adults who reported an average of ≤6 hours of sleep per 24-hour period, by sex and age group—United States, 1985 and 2004. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005.

  3. Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, et al. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin and increased body mass index. PLoS Med. 2004;1:e62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, et al. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep. 2008;31:619–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gangwisch JE, Malaspina D, Boden-Albala B, et al. Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity: analysis of NHANES I. Sleep. 2005;28:1289–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hasler G, Buysse DJ, Klaghofer R, et al. The association between short sleep duration and obesity in young adults: a 13-year prospective study. Sleep. 2004;27:661–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Patel SR, Hu FB. Short sleep duration and weight gain: a systematic review. Obesity. 2008;16:643–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lopez-Garcia E, Faubel R, Leon-Munoz L, et al. Sleep duration, general and abdominal obesity, and weight change among the older adult population of Spain. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:310–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chaput JP, Despres JP, Bouchard C, et al. The association between sleep duration and weight gain in adults: a 6-year prospective study from the Quebec Family Study. Sleep. 2008;31:517–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Nedeltcheva AV, Kilkus JM, Imperial J, et al. Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:435–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, et al. Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:846–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Spiegel K, Leproult R, L’hermite-Baleriaux M, et al. Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol and thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5762–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Copinschi G. Metabolic and endocrine effects of sleep deprivation. Essent Psychopharmacol. 2005;6:341–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Van Cauter E, Holmback U, Knutson K, et al. Impact of sleep and sleep loss on neuroendocrine and metabolic function. Horm Res. 2007;67:2–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Morselli L, Leproult R, Balbo M, et al. Role of sleep duration in the regulation of glucose metabolism and appetite. Bes Prac Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;24:687–702.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, et al. A single night of sleep deprivation increases ghrelin levels and feelings of hunger in normal weight healthy men. J Sleep Res. 2008;17:331–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kotani K, Sakane N, Saiga K, et al. Serum adiponectin levels and lifestyle factors in Japanese men. Hear Vessel. 2007;22:291–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Simpson NS, Banks S, Arroyo S, et al. Effects of sleep restriction on adiponectin levels in healthy men and women. Physiol Behav. 2010;101:693–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Buysse DJ, Reynolds 3rd CF, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28:193–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Maddi SR, Fox SR, Khoshaba DM, et al. Reduction in psychopathology following bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2001;11:680–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kolotkin RL, Crosby RD, Gress RE, et al. Two-year changes in health related quality of life in gastric bypass patients compared with severely obese controls. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2009;5:250–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Friedman KE, Ashmore JA, Applegate KL. Recent experiences of weight-based stigmatization in a weight loss surgery population: psychological and behavioral correlates. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(2):69–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Szklo-Coxe M, Young T, Finn L, et al. Depression: relationships to sleep paralysis and other sleep disturbances in a community sample. J Sleep Res. 2007;16:297–312.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Vahtera J, Kivimaki M, Hublin C, et al. Liability to anxiety and severe life events as predictors of new-onset sleep disturbances. Sleep. 2007;30:1537–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Berk M. Sleep and depression—theory and practice. Aust Fam Physician. 2009;38:302–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflicts of Interest

Patricia Toor, Keith Kim, and Cynthia Buffington have no conflicts of interest regarding the content of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metabolic Medicine and Surgery Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, 400 Celebration Place, Suite 250A, Celebration, FL, 34747, USA

    Patricia Toor, Keith Kim & Cynthia K. Buffington

Authors
  1. Patricia Toor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Keith Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cynthia K. Buffington
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cynthia K. Buffington.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Toor, P., Kim, K. & Buffington, C.K. Sleep Quality and Duration Before and After Bariatric Surgery. OBES SURG 22, 890–895 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-011-0541-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-011-0541-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation