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Frailty phenotypes in the elderly based on cluster analysis: a longitudinal study of two Danish cohorts. Evidence for a genetic influence on frailty

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Abstract

Frailty is a physiological state characterized by the deregulation of multiple physiologic systems of an aging organism determining the loss of homeostatic capacity, which exposes the elderly to disability, diseases, and finally death. An operative definition of frailty, useful for the classification of the individual quality of aging, is needed. On the other hand, the documented heterogeneity in the quality of aging among different geographic areas suggests the necessity for a frailty classification approach providing population-specific results. Moreover, the contribution of the individual genetic background on the frailty status is still questioned. We investigated the applicability of a cluster analysis approach based on specific geriatric parameters, previously set up and validated in a southern Italian population, to two large longitudinal Danish samples. In both cohorts, we identified groups of subjects homogeneous for their frailty status and characterized by different survival patterns. A subsequent survival analysis availing of Accelerated Failure Time models allowed us to formulate an operative index able to correlate classification variables with survival probability. From these models, we quantified the differential effect of various parameters on survival, and we estimated the heritability of the frailty phenotype by exploiting the twin pairs in our sample. These data suggest the presence of a genetic influence on the frailty variability and indicate that cluster analysis can define specific frailty phenotypes in each population.

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Acknowledgments

The work was supported by Fondi di Ateneo of the University of Calabria and grants from Danish National Research Foundation and NIH/NIA P01 AG08761. The Danish Aging Research Center is supported by a grant from the VELUX foundation. AM was supported financially by a fellowship (assegno di ricerca) of the University of Calabria. The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4 C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy

    Serena Dato, Alberto Montesanto & Giuseppe Passarino

  2. The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Serena Dato, Bernard Jeune & Kaare Christensen

  3. Bio Informatics Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (Hellas), Heraklion, Greece

    Vincenzo Lagani

  4. Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Kaare Christensen

Authors
  1. Serena Dato
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  2. Alberto Montesanto
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  3. Vincenzo Lagani
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  4. Bernard Jeune
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  5. Kaare Christensen
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  6. Giuseppe Passarino
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuseppe Passarino.

Additional information

The authors Serena Dato and Alberto Montesanto equally contributed to the study.

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Dato, S., Montesanto, A., Lagani, V. et al. Frailty phenotypes in the elderly based on cluster analysis: a longitudinal study of two Danish cohorts. Evidence for a genetic influence on frailty. AGE 34, 571–582 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-011-9257-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-011-9257-x

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