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Sense of Community and Empowerment Among Young People: Understanding Pathways from Civic Participation to Social Well-Being

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Abstract

Civic participation in community life and within community organizations is generally considered as associated with positive outcomes for youth development and well-being. However, supportive empirical evidence on such benefits is still limited, as well as on the processes that may explain such positive outcomes. In this paper, we examined the impact of young people’s participation in different community and youth organizations on Social well-being, and the mediating role of Sense of community (SoC) and Empowerment. The sample comprised 835 adolescents and young adults, aged 16–26 years old (M = 20.8). 414 participants were males (49.6 %) and 421 participants were females (50.4 %). Results confirm that organizational membership of volunteer, youth, and religious associations significantly enhances Social well-being, both directly and through the mediation of SoC and Empowerment. Membership of leisure and recreational associations only marginally and indirectly affects Social well-being through the mediation of Empowerment.

Résumé

La participation civique à la vie communautaire et l’implication dans les organismes communautaires sont généralement considérées comme des issues positives pour le développement et le bien-être des jeunes. Cependant, les preuves empiriques qui établissent ce lien restent limitées, tout comme la connaissance des processus à l’œuvre. Dans cet article, nous examinons d’une part l’effet sur leur bien-être social qu’a l’implication de jeunes personnes dans différentes communautés et associations de jeunes, et d’autre part le rôle médiateur que jouent le sens communautaire et l’empowerment. L’échantillon comprend 835 adolescents et jeunes adultes âgés de 16 à 26 ans (M = 20,8), dont 414 de sexe masculin (49,6 %). Les résultats confirment que l’appartenance organisationnelle à une association bénévole, de jeunes ou religieuse améliore de manière significative le bien-être social, tant directement que par l’intermédiaire du sens communautaire et de l’empowerment. L’appartenance à des associations de loisirs et récréatives n’influe que de manière marginale et indirecte sur le bien-être social, grâce au processus d’empowerment.

Zusammenfassung

Die Bürgerbeteiligung am Gesellschaftsleben und innerhalb von Gemeindeorganisationen wird im Allgemeinen als positiv für die Entwicklung und das Wohlbefinden junger Menschen betrachtet. Allerdings gibt es noch immer nur wenige empirische Beweise für diese Vorteile sowie für die Prozesse, die die positiven Effekte ggf. erklären. In diesem Beitrag untersuchten wir die Auswirkungen einer Beteiligung junger Menschen innerhalb diverser Gemeinde- und Jugendorganisationen auf das soziale Wohlbefinden sowie die vermittelnde Funktion des Gemeinschaftsgefühls und des Gefühls von Stärke. Die Stichprobe bestand aus 835 Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen zwischen 16 und 26 Jahren (M = 20,8). 414 der Personen waren männlich (49,6%). Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass eine Mitgliedschaft in ehrenamtlichen, Jugend- und religiösen Verbänden das soziale Wohlbefinden erheblich erhöht, sowohl direkt als auch durch die Vermittlung eines Gemeinschaftsgefühls und eines Gefühls von Stärke. Eine Mitgliedschaft in Freizeitverbänden wirkt sich nur in geringem Maße und indirekt durch die Vermittlung eines Gefühls von Stärke auf das soziale Wohlbefinden aus.

Resumen

La participación cívica en la vida de la comunidad y dentro de las organizaciones de la comunidad se considera normalmente como asociada a resultados positivos para el desarrollo y el bienestar de la juventud. Sin embargo, la evidencia empírica existente sobre dichos beneficios sigue siendo limitada, así como también los procesos que pueden explicar dichos resultados positivos. En el presente documento, examinamos el impacto de la participación de la gente joven en diferentes organizaciones comunitarias y de la juventud sobre bienestar social, y el papel mediador del sentido de comunidad y empoderamiento. La muestra constó de 835 adolescentes y jóvenes adultos, de edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 26 años (M = 20,8). Cuatrocientos catorce eran hombres (49,6%). Los resultados confirman que la afiliación organizativa en asociaciones de voluntarios, de jóvenes y religiosas mejora sustancialmente el bienestar social, tanto directamente como a través de la mediación del sentido de comunidad y empoderamiento. La afiliación a asociaciones de ocio y recreativas sólo afecta marginal e indirectamente al bienestar social mediante la mediación del empoderamiento.

要約

社区生活中和社区组织中的公民参与通常被认为有利于年轻人的发展与福祉。然而,关于这些益处的支持性实证证据以及可用于解释这些积极结果的程序仍然非常有限。本文中,我们对年轻人参与不同的社区与青年组织对社会福利的影响以及社区和赋权感的中介作用等进行检视。 样本包括835名少年和青年,年龄介于16~26之间(平均年龄=20.8),其中.414为男性(49.6%)。 研究结果显示,志愿组织成员身份、青年与宗教组织等,直接地或通过社区感和赋权感的中介作用,对社会福利有显著的提升作用。休闲娱乐组织的成员身份只稍微影响地或通过赋权感的中介作用而间接地影响社会福利。

ملخص

تعتبر المشاركة المدنية في الحياة المجتمعية وضمن منظمات المجتمع بصفة عامة مرتبطة بنتائج إيجابية لتنمية الشباب ورفاههيتم. مع ذلك، الأدلة التجريبية الداعمة على هذه الفوائد لا تزال محدودة، كذلك في الإجراءات التي قد تفسر هذه النتائج الإيجابية. في هذا البحث فحصنا تأثير مشاركة الشباب في المنظمات المجتمعية والشبابية المختلفة على الرفاهية الإجتماعية ، ودور الوساطة من الإحساس بالإنتماء للمجتمع والتمكين. تتألف العينة 835 من المراهقين والشباب، الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 16 إلى 26 سنة (م = 20.8) 0.414 من الذكور(49.6٪). تؤكد النتائج أن العضوية التنظيمية في التطوع ٬ الشباب والجمعيات الدينية تعزز إلى حد كبير الرفاهية الاجتماعية، سواء بصورة مباشرة أو من خلال وساطة شعور المجتمع والتمكين. عضوية جمعيات الترفيه والإستجمام فقط هامشية وغير مباشرة تؤثر على الرفاهية الإجتماعية من خلال وساطة التمكين.

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Notes

  1. The data have been collected as part of the PIDOP project, funded by the 7th Framework programme of the European Commission (2009–2012).

  2. In the models, indicator coding is used for the categorical independent variable.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant received from the European Commission 7th Framework Programme, FP7-SSH-2007-1, Grant Agreement No: 225282, Processes Influencing Democratic Ownership and Participation (PIDOP) awarded to the University of Surrey (UK), University of Liège (Belgium), Masaryk University (Czech Republic), University of Jena (Germany), University of Bologna (Italy), University of Porto (Portugal), Örebro University (Sweden), Ankara University (Turkey), and Queen’s University Belfast (UK).

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Correspondence to Elvira Cicognani.

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Cicognani, E., Mazzoni, D., Albanesi, C. et al. Sense of Community and Empowerment Among Young People: Understanding Pathways from Civic Participation to Social Well-Being. Voluntas 26, 24–44 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-014-9481-y

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