Abstract
System justification theorists have proposed that under some circumstances ‘‘people who suffer the most from a given state of affairs are paradoxically the least likely to question, challenge, reject, or change it’’ Jost et al. (2003). These claims are contrary to theories that suggest that group members seek to enhance their self-interest or group-interest (e.g., realistic group conflict theory, rational choice models). The present study, conducted in one of the poorest countries in the world, Bolivia, tested if even the most impoverished people of the world will endorse beliefs justifying the status quo. A survey of 356 Bolivian school children found that low-status children endorse beliefs in the effectiveness of government in meeting the people’s needs more than their high-status counterparts. The results suggest that system-justifying beliefs are endorsed by low-status group members in even the most extreme cases of poverty, and even among the youngest politically aware members of society, and they raise questions about the capacity for true social change in those parts of the world that may need it the most.
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Notes
Two notable studies (that we are aware of) have explored some of these ideas. One expansive study involving nearly twenty countries worldwide (Glick et al., 2000) found a relationship between women’s endorsement of sexist beliefs that theoretically hurt their social advancement and an indicator of how much their country of residence included women in the participation of the country’s economy. Although this study measured support for the patriarchical system, it did not directly measure support for the government system, and did not involve direct measures of economic disadvantage. Another classic study conducted in impoverished Malaysia (Scott, 1987) examined system justifying beliefs among lower-status Malays, but those beliefs were neither quantified nor directly compared to the higher-status Chinese in Malaysian society.
The reliabilities for the scales are relatively low, a common feature of political attitudes among children. However, exploratory factor analyses suggest that the items factor cleanly into the scales used as our measures.
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Henry, P.J., Saul, A. The Development of System Justification in the Developing World. Soc Just Res 19, 365–378 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-006-0012-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-006-0012-x