Abstract
The present study was designed to examine ethnicity, acculturation, and religiosity as predictors of European American and Korean American evangelical female college students' role expectations. Fifty-seven European American and 37 Korean American single women, who ranged in age from 17 to 24 years, completed a demographic questionnaire, a role expectation measure, three religiosity measures, and an acculturation measure. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between fundamentalism and role-sharing expectations for European American women and a significant positive correlation between level of acculturation and role-sharing expectations for Korean American women. The results suggest that fundamentalism is a stronger predictor of role expectations than religious commitment in European American women and that acculturation is a more accurate predictor of role expectations than generation in the United States among Korean American women.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balmer, R. (1989). Mine eyes have seen the glory. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bridges, J. S., & Etaugh, C. (1996). Black and White college women's maternal employment outcome expectations and their desired timing of maternal employment. Sex Roles, 35, 543–562.
Broen, W. E. (1957). A factor analytic study of religious attitudes. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 54, 176–179.
Chae, M. H., Foley, P. F., Concepcion, W., & Arora, A. K. (2004, July). Religious commitment, ethnic identity, and psychological functioning among second generation Korean Americans. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, HI.
Etaugh, C. (1989). Demographic predictors of college students' attitudes toward working mothers. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 465–466.
Ferdman, B. M. (1999). The color and culture of gender in organizations: Attending to race and ethnicity. In G. N. Powell (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work (pp. 17–34). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Gallagher, S. K., & Smith, C. (1999). Symbolic traditionalism and pragmatic egalitarianism: Contemporary evangelicals, families, and gender. Gender & Society, 13, 211–233.
Gallup, G. (1984). Commentary on the state of religion in the U.S. today. Gallup Report, 22, 35–36.
Gilbert, L. A., Dancer, L. S., Rossman, K. M., & Thorn, B. L. (1991). Assessing perceptions of occupational-family integration. Sex Roles, 24, 107–119.
Gorsuch, R. L., & Smith, C. S. (1983). Attributions of responsibility to God: An integration of religious beliefs and outcomes. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22, 340–352.
Harville, M. L., & Rienzi, B. M. (2000). Equal worth and gracious submission: Judeo- Christian attitudes toward employed women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 145–147.
Hinebaugh-Igoe, L. (1999). Christian Religious Internalization Scale. In P. C. Hill & R. W. Hood, Jr. (Eds.), Measures of religiosity (pp. 124–127). Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press.
Jones, B. H., & McNamara, K. (1991). Attitudes toward women and their work roles: Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations. Sex Roles, 24, 21–29.
Kim, E. (1998). The social reality of Korean American women: Toward crashing with Confucian ideology. In Y. I. Song & A. Moon (Eds.), Korean American women: From tradition to modern feminism (pp. 23–33). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Kirkpatrick, L. A., Hood, R. W., Jr., & Hartz, G. (1991). Fundamentalist religion conceptualized in terms of Rokeach's theory of the open and closed mind: New perspectives on some old ideas. In M. L. Lynn & D. O. Moberg (Eds.), Research in the social scientific study of religion: A research annual (Vol. 3, pp. 157–180). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Lim, I. (1997). Korean immigrant women's challenge to gender inequality at home: The interplay of economic resources, gender, and family. Gender & Society, 11, 31–51.
Min, P. G. (1997). Korean immigrant wives' labor force participation, marital power, and status. In E. Higginbotham & M. Romero (Eds.), Women and work (pp. 176–191). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Moon, A., & Song, Y. I. (1998). Ethnic identities reflected in value orientation of two generations of Korean American women. In Y. I. Song & A. Moon (Eds.), Korean American women: From tradition to modern feminism (pp. 140–148). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Morgan, M. Y. (1987). The impact of religion on gender-role attitudes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11, 301–310.
Ryan, R. M., Rigsby, S., & King, K. (1993). Two types of religious internalization and their relations to religious orientations and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 586–596.
Suinn, R. M., Rickard-Figueroa, K., Lew, S., & Vigil, P. (1987). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale: An initial report. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 47, 401–407.
Tsuzuki, Y., & Matsui, T. (1997). Factors influencing intention to continue work throughout the life span among Japanese college women: A path analysis. College-Student-Journal, 31, 216–223.
Willetts-Bloom, M., & Nock, S. L. (1994). The influence of maternal employment on gender role attitudes of men and women. Sex Roles, 30, 371–389.
Woodberry, R., & Smith, C. (1998). Fundamentalism et al.: Conservative Protestants in America. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 25–56.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bang, E., Hall, M.E.L., Anderson, T.L. et al. Ethnicity, Acculturation, and Religiosity as Predictors of Female College Students' Role Expectations. Sex Roles 53, 231–237 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-5681-7
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-5681-7