Skip to main content
Log in

The dynamics of reading in non-Roman writing systems: a Reading and Writing Special Issue

  • Published:
Reading and Writing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper provides a short overview of current issues in research on continuous reading in non-Roman orthographies. At the same time it also serves as an introduction to the present Reading and Writing Special Issue on this topic. The main questions examined in the contributions to this volume are closely related to issues that have been central to research debates on reading in English, German and French. However, we argue that these innovative approaches to the dynamics of reading in Chinese, Japanese and Korean go far beyond a simple comparative research strategy. Instead, by illuminating phenomena like word segmentation, parafoveal processing and semantic analysis from their unique perspectives, they provide valuable insights into the more general question of to what extent information processing in reading is universal as opposed to language specific. Moreover, we expect that these initial studies will trigger more basic research on non-alphabetic reading, providing a foundation for useful application.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abubaker, A. A. A., McGowan, V. A., White, S. J., Jordan, T. R., & Paterson, K. B. (2011). Reading Arabic text: Effects of word length on landing positions and fixation durations. Poster presented at the European Conference on eye movements, Marseille, August 21–25.

  • Angele, B., & Rayner, K. (2011). Parafoveal processing of word n + 2 during reading: Do the preceding words matter? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37, 1210–1220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angele, B., Slattery, T. J., Yang, J., Kliegl, R., & Rayner, K. (2008). Parafoveal processing in reading: Manipulating n + 1 and n + 2 previews simultaneously. Visual Cognition, 16, 697–707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertram, R., Pollatsek, A., & Hyönä, J. (2004). Morphological parsing and the use of segmentation cues in reading Finnish compounds. Journal of Memory and Language, 51, 325–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chace, K. H., Rayner, K., & Well, A. D. (2005). Eye movements and phonological parafoveal preview: Effects of reading skill. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 209–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H.-C., Song, H., Lau, W. Y., Wong, K. F. E., & Tang, S. L. (2003). Development characteristics of eye movements in reading Chinese. In C. McBride-Chang & H.-C. Chen (Eds.), Reading development in Chinese children (pp. 157–169). Wesport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, A., Frost, R., Pelleg, S., Pollatsek, A., & Rayner, K. (2003). Early morphological effects in reading: evidence from parafoveal preview benefit in Hebrew. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 415–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engbert, R., & Krugel, A. (2010). Readers use Bayesian estimation for eye movement control. Psychological Science, 21, 366–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engbert, R., Nuthmann, A., Richter, E., & Kliegl, R. (2005). SWIFT: A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading. Psychological Review, 112, 777–813.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Everson, M. (2002). Leaks in the unicode pipeline: Script, script, script. Paper presented to the 21st Unicode Conference, Dublin, Ireland.

  • Feng, G., Miller, K., Shu, H., & Zhang, H. (2009). Orthography, and the development of reading processes: An eye-movement study of Chinese and English. Child Development, 80, 720–735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goswami, U. (2009). The development of reading across languages. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1145, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grainger, J. (2008). Cracking the orthographic code: An introduction. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 1–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, W. V. (1989). Ancient literacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hohenstein, S., Laubrock, J., & Kliegl, R. (2010). Semantic preview benefit in eye movements during reading: A parafoveal fast-priming study. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 1150–1170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoosain, R. (1991). Psycholinguistic implications for linguistic relativity: A case study of Chinese. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huey, E. B. (1908). The psychology and pedagogy of reading. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyönä, J. (1995). Do irregular letter combinations attract readers’ eye movements? Evidence from fixation location in words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 68–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inhoff, A. W., & Liu, W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 20–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inhoff, A. W. & Radach, R. (1998). Definition and computation of oculomotor measures in the study of cognitive processes. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Eye guidance in reading and scene perception (pp. 29–54). Oxford: Elsevier.

  • Inhoff, A. W., Radach, R., & Heller, D. (2000). Complex compounds in German: Interword spaces facilitate segmentation but hinder assignment of meaning. Journal of Memory and Language, 42, 23–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inhoff, A. W., & Weger, U. (2003) Advancing the methodological middle ground. In J. Hyönä, R. Radach, & H. Deubel (Eds.). The mind’s eye: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research (pp. 335–344). Oxford: Elsevier.

  • Inhoff, A. W., & Wu, C. (2005). Eye movements and the identification of spatially ambiguous words during Chinese sentence reading. Memory & Cognition, 33, 1345–1356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, A. M. (2000). Five questions about cognitive models and some answers from three models of reading. In A. Kennedy, R. Radach, D. Heller, & J. Pynte (Eds.), Reading as a perceptual process (pp. 721–732). Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (Eds.). (1987). The psychology of reading and language comprehension. Newton, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kajii, N., Nazir, T. A., & Osaka, N. (2001). Eye movement control in reading unspaced text: The case of the Japanese script. Vision Research, 41, 2503–2510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennison, S. M., & Clifton, C. (1995). Determinants of parafoveal preview benefit in high and low working memory capacity readers: Implications for eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 68–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kliegl, R., Risse, S., & Laubrock, J. (2007). Preview benefit and parafoveal-on-foveal effects from word n + 2. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 1250–1255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kupermann, V., & Van Dyke, J. A. (2011). Effects of individual differences in verbal skills on eye-movement patterns during sentence reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 65, 42–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H.-W., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1999). The time course of phonological, semantic, and orthographic coding in reading: Evidence from the fast-priming technique. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4, 624–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X., Liu, P., & Rayner, K. (2011). Eye movement guidance in Chinese reading: Is there a preferred viewing location? Vision Research, 51, 1146–1156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X. S., Rayner, K., & Cave, K. R. (2009). On the segmentation of Chinese words. Cognitive Psychology, 58, 525–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Dunlap, S., Fiez, J., & Perfetti, C. (2007). Evidence for neural accommodation to a writing system following learning. Human Brain Mapping, 28, 1223–1234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mair, V. (1996). Modern Chinese writing. In P. Daniels & W. Bright (Eds.), Writing systems of the world (pp. 200–208). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConkie, G. W., Grimes, J. M., Kerr, P. W., & Zola, D. (1991). Children’s eye movements during reading. In J. F. Stein (Ed.), Vision and visual dyslexia (pp. 251–262). London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, S. A. (2006). Parafoveal preview benefit in reading is only obtained from the saccade goal. Vision Research, 46, 4416–4424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osaka, N. (1992). Size of saccade and fixation duration of eye movements during reading: Psychophysics of Japanese text processing. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 9, 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radach, R., Huestegge, L., & Reilly, R. (2008). The role of top down factors in local eye movement control during reading. Psychological Research, 72, 675–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radach, R., Inhoff, A. W., & Heller, D. (2004). Orthographic regularity gradually modulates saccade amplitudes in reading. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 27–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radach, R., & Kennedy, A. (2004). Theoretical perspectives on eye movements in reading: Past controversies, current deficits and an agenda for future research. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 3–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radach, R., Reilly, R., &Inhoff, A. W. (2007). Models of oculomotor control in reading: Towards a theoretical foundation of current debates. In R. van Gompel, M. Fischer, W. Murray, & R. Hill (Eds.). Eye movements: A window on mind and brain (pp. 237–270). Elsevier: Oxford.

  • Rayner, K. (1975). The perceptual span and peripheral cues during reading. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 65–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K. (1979). Eye guidance in reading: Fixation locations within words. Perception, 8, 21–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., Balota, D. A., & Pollatsek, A. (1986). Against parafoveal semantic preprocessing during eye fixations in reading. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., Fischer, M. H., & Pollatsek, A. (1998). Unspaced text interferes with both word identification and eye movement control. Vision Research, 38, 1129–1144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, R., Foorman, B. R., Perfetti, C. A., Pesetsky, D., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2001). How psychological science informs the teaching of reading. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2, 31–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., Juhasz, B. J., & Brown, S. J. (2007a). Do readers obtain preview benefit from word n + 2? A test of serial attention shift versus distributed lexical processing models of eye movement control in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 230–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., Li, X., & Pollatsek, A. (2007b). Extending the E-Z reader model of eye movement control to Chinese readers. Cognitive Science, 31, 1021–1033.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., Well, A. D., Pollatsek, A., & Bertera, J. H. (1982). The availability of useful information to the right of fixation in reading. Perception & Psychophysics, 31, 537–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., White, S. J., Kambe, G., Miller, B., & Liversedge, S. P. (2003). On the processing of meaning from parafoveal vision during eye fixations in reading. In J. Hyönä, R. Radach, & H. Deubel (Eds.), The mind’s eye: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research (pp. 213–234). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichle, E. D., Pollatsek, A., Fisher, D. L., & Rayner, K. (1998). Toward a model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review, 105, 125–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, R. G., Aranyanak, I., Yu, L., Yan, G., & Tang, S. (2011). Eye movement control in reading Thai and Chinese. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 9, 35–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, R. G., & O’Regan, J. K. (1998). Eye movement control during reading: A simulation of some word-targeting strategies. Vision Research, 38, 303–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, R. G., & Radach, R. (2006). Some empirical tests of an interactive activation model of eye movement control in reading. Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, 7, 34–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sainio, M., Hyönä, J., Bingushi, K., & Bertram, R. (2007). The role of interword spacing in reading Japanese: An eye movement study. Vision Research, 47, 2575–2584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schotter, E. R., Angele, B., & Rayner, K. (2012). Parafoveal processing in reading. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics, 74, 5–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, F., & Feng, D. (1999). Eye movements in reading Chinese and English text. In J. Wang, A. W. Inhoff, & H.-C. Chen (Eds.), Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis (pp. 189–206). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, F., Morita, M., & Stark, L. W. (1985). Comparative patterns of reading eye movement in Chinese and English. Perception and Psychophysics, 37, 502–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, L., Laird, A., & Li, K. (2005). Neuroanatomical correlates of phonological processing of Chinese characters and alphabetic words: A meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 83–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent, D. (2000). The rise of mass literacy. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, S. J., & Liversedge, S. P. (2004). Orthographic familiarity influences initial eye fixation positions in reading. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 52–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wotschack, C., & Kliegl, R. (2011). Reading strategy modulates parafoveal-on-foveal effects in sentence reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, September 20. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1080/17470218.2011.625094.

  • Yan, M., Kliegl, R., Richter, E., Nuthmann, A., & Shu, H. (2010a). Flexible saccade-target selection in Chinese reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 705–725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, M., Kliegl, R., Shu, H., Pan, J., & Zhou, X. (2010b). Parafoveal load of word n+1 modulates preprocessing effectiveness of word n+2 in Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36, 1669–1676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, M., Richter, E., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2009). Readers of Chinese extract semantic information from parafoveal words. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 561–566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, G., Tian, H., Bai, X., & Rayner, K. (2006). The effect of word and character frequency on the eye movements of Chinese readers. British Journal of Psychology, 97, 259–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, H. M., & McConkie, G. W. (1999). Reading Chinese: Some basic eye-movement characteristics. In H.-C. Chen (Ed.), Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis (pp. 207–222). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, J., Wang, S., Xu, Y., & Rayner, K. (2009). Do Chinese readers obtain preview benefit from word n + 2? Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 1192–1204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yen, M.-H., Radach, R., Tzeng, O. J.-L., Hung, D. L., & Tsai, J.-L. (2009). Early parafoveal processing in reading Chinese sentences. Acta Psychologica, 131, 24–33. Under review.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zang, C., Liversedge, S. P., Liang, F., Bai, X., & Yan, G. (2011). Interword spacing and landing position effects during Chinese reading in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, under review.

  • Ziegler, J., & Goswami, U. (2005). Reading acquisition, developmental dyslexia, and skilled reading across languages: A psycholinguistic grain size theory. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 3–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ronan Reilly.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Reilly, R., Radach, R. The dynamics of reading in non-Roman writing systems: a Reading and Writing Special Issue. Read Writ 25, 935–950 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-012-9369-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-012-9369-4

Keywords

Navigation