Top

Quality of Life Research

Gepubliceerd in:

01-04-2021 | Review

How is quality of life defined and assessed in published research?

Auteurs: Daniel S. J. Costa, Rebecca Mercieca-Bebber, Claudia Rutherford, Margaret-Ann Tait, Madeleine T. King

Gepubliceerd in: Quality of Life Research | Uitgave 8/2021

Abstract

Purpose

To ensure clarity in communication in the field of quality of life research, and meaningful use of ‘quality of life’ as a research outcome, requires two things: awareness that there is a range of conceptualisations and definitions of ‘quality of life’, and for any particular study, consistency between the way the term is defined and operationalised in that setting. We aimed to identify how frequently research articles described (HR)QOL as a construct of interest, how frequently they referred to “patient-reported outcome (measures)”, which patient-reported outcome measures were used, and how (HR)QOL was defined.

Methods

We reviewed all Quality of Life Research articles published in 2017 and recorded whether they described health-related quality of life or quality of life as constructs of interest, and/or mentioned the term(s) patient-reported outcome (measures). We recorded definitions of (HR)QOL stated and questionnaires used. We classified articles according to constructs assessed and instruments used, and examined whether articles citing the same definition used the same questionnaires.

Results

We reviewed 300 articles; 65% stated that (HR)QOL was a construct of interest, 27% mentioned patient-reported outcome (measures), and 20% mentioned neither. Fifty-one articles provided definitions of (HR)QOL, citing 66 sources, with 11 definitions cited more than once. PROMIS, SF, EQ-5D, and EORTC instruments were the most commonly used. The only definition and questionnaire consistently used together were the WHO definitions/instruments.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in the definition and operationalisation of (HR)QOL, between and within studies. This limits meaningful interpretation of (HR)QOL scores and complicates literature searches. Investigators should define constructs and select instruments aligned with their definitions.

volgende artikel Quality of life following adult veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Ferrans, C. E. (2005). Definitions and conceptual models of quality of life. In J. Lipscomb, C. C. Gotay, & C. Snyder (Eds.), Outcomes Research in Cancer: Measures, Methods and Applications. (pp. 14–30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Costa, D. S. J. (2015). Reflective, causal, and composite indicators of quality of life: A conceptual or an empirical distinction? Quality of Life Research, 24(9), 2057–2065.CrossRef

Cella, D. F., Tulsky, D. S., Gray, G., Sarafian, B., Linn, E., Bonomi, A., et al. (1993). The functional assessment of cancer therapy scale: Development and validation of the general measure. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(3), 570–579.CrossRef

Wilson, I. B., & Cleary, P. D. (1995). Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life: a conceptual model of patient outcomes. Journal of American Medical Association, 273(1), 59–65.CrossRef

Aaronson, N. K., Ahmedzai, S., Bergman, B., Bullinger, M., Cull, A., Duez, N. J., et al. (1993). The european organisation for research and treatment of cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85(5), 365–376.CrossRef

Feinstein, A. R. (1987). Clinimetrics. . New Haven: Yale University Press.CrossRef

Food and Drug Administration (2009). Guidance for Industry on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims. Federal Register, 74(65132-3).

Patrick, D. L., Burke, L. B., Powers, J. H., Scott, J. A., Rock, E. P., Dawisha, S., et al. (2007). Patient-reported outcomes to support medical product labeling claims: FDA perspective. Value in Health, 10, S125–S137.CrossRef

Patrick, D. L., & Erickson, P. (1993). Health Status and Health Policy. . Oxford: Oxford University Press.

10.

Cella, D. F. (1995). Measuring quality of life in palliative care. Seminars in Oncology, 22, 73–81.PubMed

11.

Mayo, N. E. (2015). ISOQOL Dictionary of Quality of Life and Health Outcomes Measurement. . Milwaukee: International Society for Quality of Life Research.

12.

Wang, M., Chen, R. C., Usinger, D. S., & Reeve, B. B. (2017). Evaluating measurement invariance across assessment modes of phone interview and computer self-administered survey for the PROMIS measures in a population-based cohort of localized prostate cancer survivors. Quality of Life Research, 26(11), 2973–2985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1640-3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., Galas, A., Zawisza, K., Chatterji, S., Haro, J. M., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., et al. (2017). Gender-related differences in the multi-pathway effect of social determinants on quality of life in older age-the COURAGE in Europe project. Quality of Life Research, 26(7), 1865–1878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1530-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Vanleerberghe, P., De Witte, N., Claes, C., Schalock, R. L., & Verte, D. (2017). The quality of life of older people aging in place: a literature review. Quality of Life Research, 26(11), 2899–2907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1651-0.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Henchoz, Y., Botrugno, F., Cornaz, S., Bula, C., Charef, S., Santos-Eggimann, B., et al. (2017). Determinants of quality of life in community-dwelling older adults: comparing three cut-offs on the excellent-to-poor spectrum. Quality of Life Research, 26(2), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1394-3.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Daigre, C., Grau-Lopez, L., Rodriguez-Cintas, L., Ros-Cucurull, E., Sorribes-Puertas, M., Esculies, O., et al. (2017). The role of dual diagnosis in health-related quality of life among treatment-seeking patients in Spain. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3201–3209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1668-4.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Locker, D., & Allen, F. (2007). What do measures of ‘oral healthrelated quality of life’ measure? Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 35(6), 401–411.CrossRef

18.

WHOQoL Group. (1993). Study protocol for the World Health Organization project to develop a Quality of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL). Quality of Life Research, 2(2), 153–159.CrossRef

19.

WHOQOL Group. (1994). Development of the WHOQOL: Rationale and current status. International Journal of Mental Health, 23(3), 24–56.CrossRef

20.

WHOQOL Group. (1995). The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization. Social Science and Medicine, 41(10), 1403–1409.CrossRef

21.

Harper, A., Power, M., & The WHOQOL Group. (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 551–558.CrossRef

22.

Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Health-related quality of life (HRQOL): HRQOL Concepts. http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm. Accessed 08 June 2015.

23.

Cummins, R. A. (2005). Moving from the quality of life concept to a theory. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(10), 699–706.CrossRef

24.

Hennessy, C. H., Moriarty, D. G., Zack, M. M., Scherr, P. A., & Brackbill, R. (1994). Measuring health-related quality of life for public health surveillance. Public Health Reports, 109(5), 665–672.PubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Ravens-Sieberer, U., Herdman, M., Devine, J., Otto, C., Bullinger, M., Rose, M., et al. (2014). The European KIDSCREEN approach to measure quality of life and well-being in children: Development, current application, and future advances. Quality of Life Research, 23(3), 791–803.CrossRef

26.

Schipper, H., Clinch, J. J., & Olweny, C. L. M. (1996). Quality of life studies: Definitions and conceptual issues. In B. Spilker (Ed.), Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers.

27.

Matza, L. S., Swensen, A. R., Flood, E. M., Secnik, K., & Leidy, N. K. (2004). Assessment of health-related quality of life in children: A review of conceptual, methodological, and regulatory issues. Value in Health, 7(1), 79–92.CrossRef

28.

World Health Organization (1946). WHO definition of health. http://www.who.int/bulletin/archives/80%2812%29981.pdf. Accessed Accessed 21 Aug 2015.

29.

World Health Organization (1948). World health organization constitution. Basic Documents, 1.

30.

WHOQOL Group. (1998). The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Social Science & Medicine, 46(12), 1569–1585.CrossRef

31.

Wong, C. C. Y., & Lu, Q. (2017). Match between culture and social support: Acculturation moderates the relationship between social support and well-being of Chinese American breast cancer survivors. Quality of Life Research, 26(1), 73–84.CrossRef

32.

Ratcliffe, J., Lancsar, E., Flint, T., Kaambwa, B., Walker, R., Lewin, G., et al. (2017). Does one size fit all? Assessing the preferences of older and younger people for attributes of quality of life. Quality of Life Research, 26(2), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1391-6.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Litzelman, K., Tesauro, G., & Ferrer, R. (2017). Internal resources among informal caregivers: trajectories and associations with well-being. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3239–3250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1647-9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Al Sayah, F., Qiu, W., Xie, F., & Johnson, J. A. (2017). Comparative performance of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D index scores in adults with type 2 diabetes. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2057–2066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1559-8.CrossRef

35.

Feng, Y., Herdman, M., van Nooten, F., Cleeland, C., Parkin, D., Ikeda, S., et al. (2017). An exploration of differences between Japan and two European countries in the self-reporting and valuation of pain and discomfort on the EQ-5D. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2067–2078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1541-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Konnopka, A., & Koenig, H. H. (2017). The “no problems”-problem: an empirical analysis of ceiling effects on the EQ-5D 5L. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2079–2084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1551-3.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Shiroiwa, T., Fukuda, T., Shimozuma, K., Mouri, M., Hagiwara, Y., Doihara, H., et al. (2017). Long-term health status as measured by EQ-5D among patients with metastatic breast cancer: comparison of first-line oral S-1 and taxane therapies in the randomized phase III SELECT BC trial. [Clinical Trial, Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial]. Quality of Life Research, 26(2), 445–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1388-1.CrossRefPubMed

38.

van den Hoek, D. J., Miller, C. T., Fraser, S. F., Selig, S. E., & Dixon, J. B. (2017). Does exercise training augment improvements in quality of life induced by energy restriction for obese populations? A systematic review. [Review Systematic Review]. Quality of Life Research, 26(10), 2593–2605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1602-9.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Merz, E. L., Malcarne, V. L., Roesch, S. C., Nair, D. K., Salazar, G., Assassi, S., et al. (2017). Longitudinal patterns of pain in patients with diffuse and limited systemic sclerosis: integrating medical, psychological, and social characteristics. Quality of Life Research, 26(1), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1370-y.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Tsai, W., & Lu, Q. (2017). Acculturation matters in the relation between ambivalence over emotional expressions and well-being among Chinese American breast cancer survivors. Quality of Life Research, 26(10), 2755–2762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1618-1.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Fonvig, C. E., Hamann, S. A., Nielsen, T. R. H., Johansen, M. O., Gronbaek, H. N., Mollerup, P. M., et al. (2017). Subjective evaluation of psychosocial well-being in children and youths with overweight or obesity: the impact of multidisciplinary obesity treatment. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3279–3288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1667-5.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Davis, J. C., Best, J. R., Dian, L., Khan, K. M., Hsu, C. L., Chan, W., et al. (2017). Are the EQ-5D-3L and the ICECAP-O responsive among older adults with impaired mobility? Evidence from the Vancouver Falls Prevention Cohort Study. [Validation Studies]. Quality of Life Research, 26(3), 737–747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1487-z.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Roydhouse, J. K., & Wilson, I. B. (2017). Systematic review of caregiver responses for patient health-related quality of life in adult cancer care. [Review Systematic Review]. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 1925–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1540-6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Lemanska, A., Chen, T., Dearnaley, D. P., Jena, R., Sydes, M. R., & Faithfull, S. (2017). Symptom clusters for revising scale membership in the analysis of prostate cancer patient reported outcome measures: a secondary data analysis of the Medical Research Council RT01 trial (ISCRTN47772397). Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2103–2116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1548-y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Laporta-Hoyos, O., Ballester-Plane, J., Poo, P., Macaya, A., Melendez-Plumed, M., Vazquez, E., et al. (2017). Proxy-reported quality of life in adolescents and adults with dyskinetic cerebral palsy is associated with executive functions and cortical thickness. Quality of Life Research, 26(5), 1209–1222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1433-0.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Wockel, A., Schwentner, L., Krockenberger, M., Kreienberg, R., Janni, W., Wischnewsky, M., et al. (2017). Predictors of the course of quality of life during therapy in women with primary breast cancer. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2201–2208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1570-0.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Park, S. (2017). Pathways linking obesity to health-related quality of life. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2209–2218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1565-x.CrossRefPubMed

48.

Kratz, A. L., Kalpakjian, C. Z., & Hanks, R. A. (2017). Are intensive data collection methods in pain research feasible in those with physical disability? A study in persons with chronic pain and spinal cord injury. Quality of Life Research, 26(3), 587–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1494-0.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Busija, L., Tan, J., & Sanders, K. M. (2017). Associations between illness duration and health-related quality of life in specified mental and physical chronic health conditions: results from a population-based survey. Quality of Life Research, 26(10), 2671–2681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1592-7.CrossRefPubMed

50.

Cappelleri, J. C., Koduru, V., Bienen, E. J., & Sadosky, A. (2017). Mapping painDETECT, a neuropathic pain screening tool, to the EuroQol (EQ-5D-3L). Quality of Life Research, 26(2), 467–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1379-2.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Eton, D. T., Yost, K. J., Lai, J. S., Ridgeway, J. L., Egginton, J. S., Rosedahl, J. K., et al. (2017). Development and validation of the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management (PETS): a patient-reported measure of treatment burden. Quality of Life Research, 26(2), 489–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1397-0.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Moen, V. P., Drageset, J., Eide, G. E., Klokkerud, M., & Gjesdal, S. (2017). Validation of world health organization assessment schedule 2.0 in specialized somatic rehabilitation services in Norway. Quality of Life Research, 26(2), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1384-5.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Goodman, M. L., Johnson, T. M., Guillot-Wright, S., Porter, K. A., Keiser, P. H., & Gitari, S. (2017). How do Kenyan orphan girls experience less meaningful lives and how much does it matter for “health”? Quality of Life Research, 26(6), 1551–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1511-y.CrossRefPubMed

54.

Sherwin, L. B., Leary, E., & Henderson, W. A. (2017). The association of catastrophizing with quality-of-life outcomes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2161–2170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1554-0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Liang, J. W., Cheung, Y. K., Willey, J. Z., Moon, Y. P., Sacco, R. L., Elkind, M. S. V., et al. (2017). Quality of life independently predicts long-term mortality but not vascular events: the Northern Manhattan Study. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2219–2228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1567-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Niska, J. R., Halyard, M. Y., Tan, A. D., Atherton, P. J., Patel, S. H., & Sloan, J. A. (2017). Electronic patient-reported outcomes and toxicities during radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer. Quality of Life Research, 26(7), 1721–1731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1528-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

57.

Wilson, S. J., Davie, G., & Derrett, S. (2017). Two years after injury: prevalence and early post-injury predictors of ongoing injury-related problems. Quality of Life Research, 26(7), 1831–1838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1521-9.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Kronzer, V. L., Jerry, M. R., Ben Abdallah, A., Wildes, T. S., McKinnon, S. L., Sharma, A., et al. (2017). Changes in quality of life after elective surgery: an observational study comparing two measures. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2093–2102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1560-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Obbarius, A., van Maasakkers, L., Baer, L., Clark, D. M., Crocker, A. G., de Beurs, E., et al. (2017). Standardization of health outcomes assessment for depression and anxiety: Recommendations from the ICHOM Depression and Anxiety Working Group. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3211–3225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1659-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Gandhi, M., Tan, R. S., Ng, R., Choo, S. P., Chia, W. K., Toh, C. K., et al. (2017). Comparison of health state values derived from patients and individuals from the general population. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3353–3363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1683-5.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Kim, S. H., Lee, S. I., & Jo, M. W. (2017). Feasibility, comparability, and reliability of the standard gamble compared with the rating scale and time trade-off techniques in Korean population. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3387–3397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1676-4.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Poor, A. K., Rencz, F., Brodszky, V., Gulacsi, L., Beretzky, Z., Hidvegi, B., et al. (2017). Measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-5D-3L in psoriasis patients. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3409–3419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1699-x.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Kularatna, S., Byrnes, J., Chan, Y. K., Ski, C. F., Carrington, M., Thompson, D., et al. (2017). Comparison of the EQ-5D-3L and the SF-6D (SF-12) contemporaneous utility scores in patients with cardiovascular disease. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3399–3408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1666-6.CrossRefPubMed

64.

Gandhi, M., Xu, Y., Luo, N., & Cheung, Y. B. (2017). Sample size determination for EQ-5D-5L value set studies. Quality of Life Research, 26(12), 3365–3376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1685-3.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Witjes, S., van Geenen, R. C., Koenraadt, K. L., van der Hart, C. P., Blankevoort, L., Kerkhoffs, G. M., et al. (2017). Expectations of younger patients concerning activities after knee arthroplasty: Are we asking the right questions? Quality of Life Research, 26(2), 403–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1380-9.CrossRefPubMed

66.

Hakimi, Z., Herdman, M., Pavesi, M., Devlin, N., Nazir, J., Hoyle, C., et al. (2017). Using EQ-5D-3L and OAB-5D to assess changes in the health-related quality of life of men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. [Clinical Trial, Phase III Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial]. Quality of Life Research, 26(5), 1187–1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1460-x.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Al Sayah, F., Johnson, J. A., Ohinmaa, A., Xie, F., Bansback, N., & Canadian, E. Q. D. L. V. S. G. (2017). Health literacy and logical inconsistencies in valuations of hypothetical health states: results from the Canadian EQ-5D-5L valuation study. Quality of Life Research, 26(6), 1483–1492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1495-z.CrossRefPubMed

68.

Gong, X. H., Wang, J. W., Li, J., Chen, X. F., Sun, L., Yuan, Z. P., et al. (2017). Physical exercise, vegetable and fruit intake and health-related quality of life in Chinese breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study. Quality of Life Research, 26(6), 1541–1550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1496-6.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Weinstein, A. A., Diao, G., Baghi, H., Escheik, C., Gerber, L. H., & Younossi, Z. M. (2017). Demonstration of two types of fatigue in subjects with chronic liver disease using factor analysis. Quality of Life Research, 26(7), 1777–1784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1516-6.CrossRefPubMed

70.

McHorney, C. A., Ware, J. E., & Raczek, A. E. (1993). The MOS 36-Item short-form health survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Medical Care, 31(3), 247–263.CrossRef

71.

Spitzer, W. O. (1987). State of science 1986: quality of life and functional status as target variables for research. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40(6), 465–471.CrossRef

72.

Patrick, D. L., & Bergner, M. (1990). Measurement of health status in the 1990s. Annual Review of Public Health, 11, 165–183.CrossRef

73.

Calvert, M., Kyte, D., Mercieca-Bebber, R., Slade, A., Chan, A. W., King, M. T., et al. (2018). Guidelines for inclusion of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trial protocols: the SPIRIT-PRO extension. Journal of the American Medical Association, 319(5), 483–494.CrossRef

74.

Nasvall, P., Dahlstrand, U., Lowenmark, T., Rutegard, J., Gunnarsson, U., & Strigard, K. (2017). Quality of life in patients with a permanent stoma after rectal cancer surgery. Quality of Life Research, 26(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1367-6.CrossRefPubMed

75.

Haraldstad, K., Wahl, A., Andenæs, R., Andersen, J. R., Andersen, M. H., Beisland, E., et al. (in press). A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences. Quality of Life Research.

76.

Snyder, C., Watson, M. E., Jackson, J. D., Cella, D., Halyard, M. Y., & Mayo/FDA Patient-Reported Outcomes Consensus Meeting Group. (2007). Patient-reported outcome instrument selection: designing a measurement strategy. Value in Health, 10, S76–S85.CrossRef

77.

Calvert, M., Brundage, M., Jacobsen, P. B., Schünemann, H. J., & Efficace, F. (2013). The CONSORT Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) extension: implications for clinical trials and practice. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11.

Titel: How is quality of life defined and assessed in published research?
Auteurs: Daniel S. J. Costa
Rebecca Mercieca-Bebber
Claudia Rutherford
Margaret-Ann Tait
Madeleine T. King
Publicatiedatum: 01-04-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer International Publishing
Gepubliceerd in: Quality of Life Research / Uitgave 8/2021
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2649
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02826-0

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 8/2021

Health-related quality of life in refugee youth and the mediating role of mental distress and post-migration stressors

Gender differences in factors associated with low quality of life and depression in Korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Prevalence and 11-year incidence of common eye diseases and their relation to health-related quality of life, mental health, and visual impairment

Validity and reliability of the French version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ brain tumor module

Cross-specialty PROMIS-global health differential item functioning

The patient journey to diagnosis and treatment of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency