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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Danish version of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire (SMFA)

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) into Danish (SMFA-DK) and assess the psychometric properties.

Methods

SMFA was translated and cross-culturally adapted according to a standardized procedure. Minor changes in the wording in three items were made to adapt to Danish conditions. Acute patients (n = 201) and rehabilitation patients (n = 231) with musculoskeletal problems aged 18–87 years were included. The following analysis were made to evaluate psychometric quality of SMFA-DK: Reliability with Chronbach’s alpha, content validity as coding according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), floor/ceiling effects, construct validity as factor analysis, correlations between SMFA-DK and Short Form 36 and also known group method. Responsiveness and effect size were calculated.

Results

Cronbach’s alpha values were between 0.79 and 0.94. SMFA-DK captured all components of the ICF, and there were no floor/ceiling effects. Factor analysis demonstrated four subscales. SMFA-DK correlated good with the SF-36 subscales for the rehabilitation patients and lower for the newly injured patients. Effect sizes were excellent and better for SMFA-DK than for SF-36.

Conclusion

The study indicates that SMFA-DK can be a valid and responsive measure of outcome in rehabilitation settings.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the participating patients and physiotherapists for their contribution to this study.

Funding

This study was funded financially by University College Zealand, The Danish Rheumatism Association and Aase and Ejnar Danielsen’s Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Health, Physiotherapy Education, University College Zealand, Campus Naestved, Parkvej 190, 4700, Naestved, Denmark

    Marianne Lindahl, Signe Andersen, Annette Joergensen, Christian Frandsen, Liselotte Jensen & Eirikur Benedikz

Authors
  1. Marianne Lindahl
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  2. Signe Andersen
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  3. Annette Joergensen
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  4. Christian Frandsen
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  5. Liselotte Jensen
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  6. Eirikur Benedikz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marianne Lindahl.

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Conflict of interests

All the authors declare no conflict of interests.

Informed consent

Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Lindahl, M., Andersen, S., Joergensen, A. et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Danish version of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire (SMFA). Qual Life Res 27, 267–271 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1643-0

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