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Gepubliceerd in: Quality of Life Research 2/2015

01-02-2015

Normative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Auteurs: Suzanne Breeman, Seonaidh Cotton, Shona Fielding, Gareth T. Jones

Gepubliceerd in: Quality of Life Research | Uitgave 2/2015

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Abstract

Purpose

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. However, UK normative data from HADS remain limited. In our recent review of the literature, only six reports from four studies were identified as reporting UK normative data and all had limitations. The aim of our study was to use a large population-based dataset to address this.

Methods

The Epidemiology of Functional Disorders Study is a large longitudinal population-based study carried out in Northwest England. All adults aged between 25 and 65 years registered with three general practices were sent a self-completion questionnaire which contained the HADS and other health-related instruments. Scores were calculated for participants completing all items on each sub-scale (anxiety 6,189 participants and depression 6,198 participants). Scores are presented by gender and by 5-year age groups. Percentile scores were also generated.

Results

The median anxiety score was higher in women [6, interquartile range (IQR) 4–9] than in men (5, IQR 2–8) and increased with age in both groups. The median depression score for both women and men was 3 (IQR 1–6).

Conclusions

Our study is the largest population-based study providing UK normative data from the HADS. While our data confirm some of the normative data reported previously, subtle and important differences emerged, particularly at the upper end of the percentile scores. Due to the nature of our study design and the number of participants sampled, we believe that our data are likely to be more representative of the UK population than existing published normative values.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Normative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Auteurs
Suzanne Breeman
Seonaidh Cotton
Shona Fielding
Gareth T. Jones
Publicatiedatum
01-02-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer International Publishing
Gepubliceerd in
Quality of Life Research / Uitgave 2/2015
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2649
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0763-z

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