Skip to main content
Log in

Families, divorce and voter turnout in the US

  • Published:
Political Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

How large a role does the family play in civic development? This paper examines an important aspect of family influence by tracing the impact of divorce on voter turnout during adolescence. We show that the effect of divorce among white families is large, depressing turnout by nearly 10 percentage points. Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, we demonstrate that the impact of divorce varies by racial group and can rival the impact of parents’ educational attainment, which is generally regarded as the most important non-political characteristic of one’s family of origin. We attempt to explain the divorce effect by examining the mediating impacts of parental voter turnout, active social learning, income loss, child–parent interaction, residential mobility, and educational attainment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Sven Oskarsson, Christopher T. Dawes & Karl-Oskar Lindgren

References

  • Paul R. Amato Bruce Keith (1991) ArticleTitleSeparation from a parent during childhood and adult socioeconomic attainment Social Forces 70 187–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul R. Amato (1999) Children of divorced parents as young adults E.M. Hetherington (Eds) Coping With Divorce, Single Parenting, and Remarriage: A Risk and Resiliency Perspective Eribaum Mahwah, NJ 147–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul R. Amato (2000.) ArticleTitleThe consequences of divorce for adults and children Journal of Marriage and the Family 62 1269–1288

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul R. Amato Juliana M. Sobolewski (2001) ArticleTitleThe effects of divorce and marital discord on adult children’s psychological well-being American Sociological Review 66 900–921

    Google Scholar 

  • N. Astone Sara S. McLanahan (1991) ArticleTitleFamily structure, parental practices, and high school completion American Sociological Review 56 309–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Nan Marie Astone Sara S. McLanahan (1994) ArticleTitleFamily structure, residential mobility, and school dropout: a research note Demography 31 575–584 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqC1Mnpt1A%3D Occurrence Handle7890092

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • B. Brady C. Tucker Y. Harris I. Tribble (1992) ArticleTitleAssociation of academic achievement with behavior among black students and white students Journal of Educational Research 86 43–51

    Google Scholar 

  • L.A. Beaty (1995.) ArticleTitleEffects of parental absence on male adolescents’ peer relations and self-image Adolescence 30 873–80 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BymC2M3psVY%3D Occurrence Handle8588522

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • John O.G. Billy David E. Moore (1992) ArticleTitleA multilevel analysis of marital and nonmarital fertility in the United States Social Forces 70 977–1011

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Brodzinsky J.C. Hitt D. Smith (1993) ArticleTitleImpact of parental separation and divorce on adopted and nonadopted children American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 63 451–461 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyA1czps1A%3D Occurrence Handle8372912

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Greg J. Duncan Pamela Kato Klebanov Naomi Sealand (1991) ArticleTitleDo neighborhoods influence child and adolescent development American Journal of Sociology 99 353–395

    Google Scholar 

  • L. L. Bumpass (1990.) ArticleTitleWhat’s happening to the family? Interactions between demographic and institutional change Demography 27 483–498 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By6D28rkslE%3D Occurrence Handle2249741

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nancy Burns Kay Lehman Schlozman Sidney Verba (2001) The Private Roots of Public Action Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrew Cherlin (1981) Marriage, Divorce, Remarriage Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • James W. Clarke (1973.) ArticleTitleFamily structure and political socialization among urban black children American Journal of Political Science 17 302–315

    Google Scholar 

  • R. W. Connell (1972.) ArticleTitlePolitical socialization in the American family: the evidence re-examined Public Opinion Quarterly 36 323–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonathan Crane (1991.) ArticleTitleThe epidemic theory of ghettos and neighborhood effects on dropping out and teenage childbearing American Journal of Sociology 96 1226–1259

    Google Scholar 

  • T. R. Curtin S. J. Ingels S. Wu R. Heuer (2002) National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988: Base-Year to Fourth Follow-up Data File User’s Manual (NCES 2002-323) U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathleen Dolan (1995.) ArticleTitleAttitudes, behaviors, and the influence of the family: a reexamination of the role of family structure Political Behavior 17 251–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandford M. Dornbusch Philip L. Ritter Laurence Steinberg (1991) ArticleTitleCommunity influences on the relation of family statuses to adolescent school performance: differences between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites American Journal of Education 99 543–567

    Google Scholar 

  • Greg J. Duncan (1994.) ArticleTitleFamilies and neighbors as sources of disadvantage in the schooling decisions of white and black adolescents American Journal of Education 103 20–53

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Ford (1993.) ArticleTitleBlack students’ achievement orientation as a function of perceived family achievement orientation and demographic variables Journal of Negro Education 62 47–66

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Forehand B. Neighbors D. Devine L. Armistead (1997) ArticleTitleInterparental conflict and parental divorce Family Relations 73 387–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Delbert S. Elliott William Julius Wilson David Huizinga Roberta Sampson Amanda Elliott Bruce. Ranjkin (1996) ArticleTitleThe effects of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent development Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 33 389–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Catherine L. Garner Stephen W. Raudenbush (1991) ArticleTitleNeighborhood effects on educational attainment Sociology of Education 64 251–262

    Google Scholar 

  • James G. Gimpel J. Celeste Lay Jason E. Schuknect (2003) Cultivating Democracy: Civic Environments and Political Socialization in America Brookings Institution Press Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter R. Gove Hee Chon Shin (1989) ArticleTitleThe psychological well-being of divorced and widowed men and women an empirical analysis Journal of Family Issues 10 122–144

    Google Scholar 

  • John Hagan Ross MacMillan Blair Wheaton (1996) ArticleTitleNew kid in town: social capital and the life course effects of family migration on children American Sociological Review 61 368–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, Karen C., and Pamela, J. Smock (1991). The economic costs of marital dissolution: why do women bear a disproportionate cost? Annual Review of Sociology 17: 51–78

  • Gary M. Ingersool James P. Scamman Wayne D. Eckerlin (1989) ArticleTitleGeographic mobility and student achievement in an urban setting Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 11 143–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, M. Kent, Stoker, Laura, and Bowers, Jake (2001). Politics across generations: family transmission reexamined, Paper WP2001-15. Institute of Governmental Studies

  • Jennings, M. Kent, and Niemi, Richard G. (1981). Generations and Politics. Princeton University Press

  • Verna M. Keith Barbara Finlay (1988) ArticleTitleThe impact of parental divorce on children’s educational attainment, marital timing, and likelihood of divorce Journal of Marriage and the Family 50 797–809

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Levin Martin (1961) ArticleTitleSocial climates and political socialization Public Opinion Quarterly 25 596–606

    Google Scholar 

  • H.P. McAdoo (1988) Transgenerational patterns of upward mobility in African-American families H.P. McAdoo (Eds) Black Families Sage Newbury Park, NJ 148–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Michael P. McDonald Samuel L. Popkin (2001) ArticleTitleThe myth of the vanishing voter The American Political Science Review 95 963–974

    Google Scholar 

  • Sara McLanahan Gary Sandefur (1994) Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps Harvard University Press Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • E. G. Menaghan M. A. Lieberman (1986) ArticleTitleChanges in depression following divorce: a panel study Journal of Marriage and the Family 48 319–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Warren E., and J. Merrill Shanks (1996). The New American Voter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

  • Norman H. Nie Jane Junn Kenneth Stehlick-Barry (1996) Education and Democratic Citizenship in America University of Chicago Press Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard R. Peterson (1996) ArticleTitleA re-evaluation of the economic consequences of divorce American Sociological Review 61 528–536

    Google Scholar 

  • Eric Plutzer (2002.) ArticleTitleBecoming a habitual voter American Political Science Review 96 41–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark R. Rank Larry E. Davis (1996) ArticleTitlePerceived happiness outside of marriage among black and white spouses Family Relations 45 435–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Steven J. Rosenstone (1982) ArticleTitleEconomic adversity and voter turnout American Journal of Political Science 26 25–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Steven J. Rosenstone John Mark Hansen (1993) Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America Macmillan New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuman, Howard, and Jacqueline, Scott (1989). Generations and collective memories. American Sociological Review 54: 359–381

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott J. South Kyle D. Crowder Katherine Trent (1998) ArticleTitleChildren’s residential mobility and neighborhood environment following parental divorce and remarriage Social Forces 77 667–693

    Google Scholar 

  • Alden Speare SuffixJr. Frances Kobrin Goldscheider (1987) ArticleTitleEffects of marital status change on residential mobility Journal of Marriage and the Family 49 455–464

    Google Scholar 

  • Peverill Squire Raymond E. Wolfinger David P. Glass (1987) ArticleTitleResidential mobility and voter turnout The American Political Science Review 81 45–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Stack, Carol (1974). All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. Basic Books

  • Laura Stoker M. Kent Jennings (1995) ArticleTitleLife-cycle transitions and political participation: the case of marriage The American Political Science Review 89 421–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce C. Straits (1991.) ArticleTitleBringing strong ties back in interpersonal gateways to political information and influence The Public Opinion Quarterly 55 432–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendy K. Tam Cho (1999) ArticleTitleNaturalization, socialization, participation: immigrants and (non-) voting Journal of Politics 61 1140–1155

    Google Scholar 

  • J. D. Teachman K. Paasch K. Carver (1996) ArticleTitleSocial capital and dropping out of school early Journal of Marriage and the Family 58 773–783

    Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Tucker H. S. Friedman J. E. Schwartz M. H. Critiqui C. Tomlinson-Keasey D. L. Wingard L. R. Martin (1997) ArticleTitleParental divorce: effects on individual behavior and longevity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73 381–391 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiA1M7isVw%3D Occurrence Handle9248055

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of the Census (1998). Statistical Abstract of the United States (118th ed.) Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office

  • Sidney Verba Kay Lehman Schlozman Nancy Burns (2005) Family ties Understanding the intergenerational transmission of participation S. Zuckerman Alan (Eds) The Social Logic of Politics Temple University Press Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbert F. Weisberg (1987.) ArticleTitleThe demographics of a new voting gap marital differences in American voting Public Opinion Quarterly 51 335–343

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Wenk C. L. Hardesty C. S. Morgan S. L. Blair (1994) ArticleTitleThe influence of parental involvement on the well-being of sons and daughters Journal of Marriage and the Family 56 229–234

    Google Scholar 

  • M. N. Wilson (1989.) ArticleTitleChild development in the context of the black extended family Amercian Psychologist 44 98–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Raymond Wolfinger Steven J. Rosenstone (1980) Who Votes Yale University Press New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • David Wood Neal Halfon Debra Scarlata Paul Newacheck Sharom Nessim (1993) ArticleTitleImpact of family relocation on children’s growth, development, school function, and behavior Journal of American Medical Association 270 1334–1338 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyA28jovVc%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sandell, J., Plutzer, E. Families, divorce and voter turnout in the US. Polit Behav 27, 133–162 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-3341-9

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-3341-9

Keyword

Navigation