References
Ardila, A., Rodriguez-Menendez, G., & Rosselli, M. (2002). Current issues in neuropsychological assessment with Hispanics/Latinos. In F. R. Ferraro (Ed.), Minority and cross-cultural aspects of neuropsychological assessment (pp. 161–179). Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Ardila, A., Rosselli, M., & Puente, A. E. (1994). Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Spanish Speaker. New York: Plenum.
Artiola i Fortuny, L., Heaton, R. K., & Hermosillo, D. (1998). Neuropsychological comparisons of Spanish-speaking participants from the U.S.–Mexico border region versus Spain. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 363–379.
Artiola i Fortuny, L., & Mullaney, H. (1997). Neuropsychology with Spanish speakers: Language use and proficiency issues for test development. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, 615–622.
Baker, L. (1998). From Savage to Negro: Anthropology and the Construction of Race, 1896–1954. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Barraquer-Bordas, L. (1999). Neuropsychological society of Catalana: past, present and future. Rev Neurol (Paris), 29, 1268–1270.
Boone, K. B., Victor, T. L., Wen, J., Razani, J., & Pontón, M. (2007). The association between neuropsychological scores and ethnicity, language, and acculturation variables in a large patient population. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(3), 355–365.
Brickman, A. M., Cabo, R., & Manly, J. J. (2006). Ethical Issues in Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology. Applied Neuropsychology, 13(2), 91–100.
Campbell, A., Rorie, K., Dennis, G., Wood, D., Combs, S., Hearn, L., et al. (1996). Neuropsychological assessment of African Americans: Conceptual and methodological considerations. In Handbook of Tests and Measurement for Black Populations: Volume 2 (pp. 75–84). Berkeley: Cobb and Henry.
Card, D., & Krueger, B. (2003). School resources and student outcomes: an overview of the literature and new evidence from North and South Carolina. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10, 31–50.
Cherner, M., Suarez, P., Lazzaretto, D., Fortuny, L. A. i., Mindt, M. R., Dawes, S., et al. (2007). Demographically corrected norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in monolingual Spanish speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(3), 343–353.
Cooper, R., & Kaufman, J. S. (1998). Race and hypertension: science and nescience. Hypertension, 32, 813–816.
Echemendia, R. J., Harris, J. G., Congett, S. M., Diaz, M. L., & Puente, A. E. (1997). Neuropsychological training and practices with Hispanics: a national survey. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 229–243.
Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002). American Psychologist.57(12), 1060–1073.
Fernandez, A., & Marcopulos, B. (2008). A comparison of normative data for the trail making test from several countries: equivalence of norms and considerations for interpretation. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 239–246.
Ferraro, F. R., & McDonald, L. (2005). More culturally sensitive neuropsychological tests (and normative data) needed. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 53, 53.
Fillenbaum, G. G., Heyman, A., Huber, M. S., Ganguli, M., & Unverzagt, F. W. (2001). Performance of elderly African American and White community residents on the CERAD Neuropsychological Battery. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 502–509.
Fujii, D., & Wong, T. (2006). Neuropsychological assessment with Asian-American immigrants: recommendations for meeting Daubert standards. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 4, 3–31.
Gould, S. J. (1996). The Mismeasure of Man. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Harris, J. G., Cullum, C. M., Bush, S., & Drexler, M. (2002). Ethical decision making with individuals of diverse ethnic, vultural, and linguistic backgrounds. In Ethical issues in clinical neuropsychology (pp. 223–241). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Heaton, R. K., Miller, S. W., Taylor, M. J., & Grant, I. (2004). Revised Comprehensive Norms for an Expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery: Demographically Adjusted Neuropsychological Norms for African American and Caucasian Adults. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
Heaton, R. K., Taylor, M., Manly, J., Tulsky, D., Chelune, G. J., Ivnik, I., et al. (2001). Demographic effects and demographically corrected norms with the WAIS-III and WMS-III. In Clinical Interpretations of the WAIS-II and WMS-III (pp. 181–210). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Hilliard, A. G. (1979). Standardization and cultural bias impediments to the scientific study and validation of “Intelligence”. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 12(2), 47–58.
Jencks, C., & Brown, M. (1975). The effects of desegregation on student achievement: some new evidence from the equality of educational opportunity survey. Sociology of Education, 48, 126–140.
Judd, T., & Beggs, B. (2005). Cross-cultural forensic neuropsychological assessment. In K. Barrett, & W. H. George (Eds.), Race, Culture, Psychology and Law (pp. 141–162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Press.
Kaufman, J. S., & Cooper, R. S. (2001). Considerations of use of racial/e1thnic classification in etiologic research. American Journal of Epidemiology, 154, 291–298.
Kaufman, J. S., Cooper, R. S., & McGee, D. L. (1997). Socioeconomic status and health in blacks and whites: the problem of residual confounding and the resilience of race. Epidemiology, 8, 621–628.
Krieger, N. (1999). Embodying inequality: a review of concepts, measures, and methods for studying health consequences of discrimination. International Journal of Health Services, 29, 295–352.
Krieger, N. (2000). Refiguring “race”: epidemiology, racialized biology, and biological expressions of race relations. International Journal of Health Services, 30, 211–216.
Lichtenberg, P. A., Brown, D. R., Jackson, J. S., & Washington, O. (2004). Normative Health Research Experiences Among African American Elders. Journal of Aging and Health, 16, 78S–792.
Llorente, A. M. (2007). Principles of Neuropsychological Assessment with Hispanics: Theoretical Foundations and Clinical Practice. New York: Springer.
Llorente, A. M., Ponton, M., Taussig, I. M., & Satz, P. (1999). Patterns of American immigration and their influence on the acquisition of neuropsychological norms for Hispanics. Archives of Neuropsychology, 14, 603–614.
Loewenstein, D. A., Arguelles, T., Arguelles, S., & Linn-Fuentes, P. (1994). Potential cultural bias in the neuropsychological assessment of the older adult. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 623–629.
Loewenstein, D. A., Arguelles, T., Barker, W. W., & Duara, R. (1993). A comparative analysis of neuropsychological test performance of Spanish-speaking and English-speaking patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 48, 142–149.
Lopez, S. R., & Taussig, I. M. (1991). Cognitive-intellectual functioning of Spanish-speaking impaired and nonimpaired elderly: implications for culturally sensitive assessment. Psychological Assessment, 3, 448–454.
Lucas, J. A., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Ferman, T. J., Willis, F. B., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2005). Mayo’s Older African American Normative Studies: Normative data for commonly used clinical neuropsychological measures. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 162–183.
Manly, J. J. (2005). Advantages and disadvantages of separate norms for African Americans. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 270–275.
Matute, E., Rosselli, M., Ardila, A., & Morales, G. (2004). Verbal and nonverbal fluency in Spanish-speaking children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26(2), 647–660.
Minority Population Tops 100 Million. (2007, August 9, 2007). Retrieved August 1, 2008, 2008, from http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/010048.html
Mungas, D., Reed, B. R., Marshall, S. C., & Gonzalez, H. M. (2000). Development of psychometrically matched English and Spanish language neuropsychological tests for older persons. Neuropsychology, 14, 209–223.
Nabors, N. A., Evans, J. D., Strickland, T. L., Fletcher-Janzen, E., & Reynolds, C. (2000). Neuropsychological Assessment and Intervention with African Americans. In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology (pp. 31–42). New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., et al. (1996). Intelligence: knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51, 77–101.
Ostrosky-Solis, F., Ardila, A., & Rosselli, M. (1999). NEUROPSI: a brief neuropsychological test battery in Spanish with norms by age and educational level. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 5, 413–433.
Ponton, M. O., & Ardila, A. (1999). The future of neuropsychology with Hispanic populations in the United States. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 14, 565–580.
Ponton, M. O., Satz, P., Herrera, L., Ortiz, F., Urrutia, C. P., Young, R., et al. (1996). Normative data stratified by age and education for the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics (NeSBHIS): initial report. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2, 96–104.
Rey, G. J., Feldman, E., Rivas-Vazquez, R., Levin, B. E., & Benton, A. (1999). Neuropsychological test development and normative data on Hispanics. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 14(7), 593–601.
Rosselli, M., & Ardila, A. (2003). The impact of culture and education on non-verbal neuropsychological measurements: a critical review. Brain and Cognition, 52, 326–333.
Teng, E. L., Hasegawa, K., Homma, A., Imai, Y., Larson, E., Graves, A., et al. (1994). The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): a practical test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 6, 45–58.
Teng, E. L., Yeo, G., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (1996). Cross-cultural testing and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument. In Ethnicity and the Dementias (pp. 77–85). Washington DC: Taylor and Francis.
United States Bureau of the, C. (2001). Census 2000 Summary File 1, United States. United States Census Bureau.
Unverzagt, F. W., Sujuan, G., Lane, K. A., Callahan, C., Ogunniyi, A., Baiyewu, O., et al. (2007). Mild Cognitive Dysfunction: An Epidemiological Perspective With an Emphasis on African Americans. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Neurology, 20(4), 215–226.
Uzzell, B., Ponton, M., & Ardila, A. (2007). International Handbook of Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology. New York: Psychology Press.
Verney, S. P., Jervis, L. L., Fickenscher, A., Roubideaux, Y., Bogart, A., & Goldberg, J. (2008). Symptoms of depression and cognitive functioning in older American Indians. Aging & Mental Health, 12(1), 108–115.
Whyte, S. R., Cullum, C. M., Hynan, L., Lacritz, L., Rosenberg, R., & Weiner, M. (2005). Performance of elderly native Americans and Caucasians on the CERAD neuropsychological battery. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 19, 74–78.
Williams, D. R. (1997). Race and health: basic questions, emerging directions. Annals of Epidemiology, 7, 322–333.
Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H., & Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 200–208.
Williams, R. L. (1974). Scientific racism and IQ: the silent mugging of the black community. Psychology Today, 7(12), 32–41.
Wong, T., & Fujii, D. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment of Asian Americans: demographic factors, cultural diversity, and practical guidelines. Applied Neuropsychology, 11(1), 23–36.
Wong, T. M. (2000). Neuropsychological assessment and intervention with Asian Americans. In E. Fletcher-Janzen, T. Strickland, & C. Reynolds (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural neuropsychology (pp. 43–53). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Wong, T. M. (2006). Ethical controversies in neuropsychological test selection, administration, and interpretation. Applied Neuropsychology, 13(2), 68–76.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Institute on Aging grants AG16206, AG028786, and the Alzheimer’s Association.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Manly, J.J. Critical Issues in Cultural Neuropsychology: Profit from Diversity. Neuropsychol Rev 18, 179–183 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-008-9068-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-008-9068-8