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I don’t care about others’ approval: Dysphoric individuals show reduced effort mobilization for obtaining a social reward

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Abstract

Past research on reduced reward responsiveness in depression and dysphoria has mainly focused on monetary rewards. However, social rewards are important motivators and might be especially impaired in depression. The present study tested the hypothesis that nondysphoric individuals would mobilize more effort during a memory task without a clear performance standard when anticipating social approval for good performance. In contrast, dysphoric individuals were expected to be less sensitive to this reward and to mobilize less effort. Effort mobilization in this 2 (dysphoric vs. nondysphoric) × 2 (no reward vs. social approval) between-persons study was operationalized by participants’ cardiovascular reactivity. Results confirmed that nondysphorics had higher reactivity of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate when expecting to enter their name in the alleged “best list”, whereas dysphorics had lower cardiovascular reactivity. The present study expands evidence for reduced reward responsiveness in depression and dysphoria from an effort mobilization perspective by demonstrating reduced effort-related cardiovascular reactivity to social rewards.

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Notes

  1. We also assessed PEP continuously and noninvasively with electrocardiogram and impedance cardiogram signals using a Cardioscreen® 1000 (medis, Ilmenau, Germany) hemodynamic monitoring-system (for a validation study see Scherhag et al. 2005). Four dual gel-pad sensors (medis-ZTECT™) were placed on each side of the base of the participant’s neck and on each side of the thorax along the middle axillary line at the level of the xiphoid. Data were sampled at 1,000 Hz. Unfortunately, due to a deficient transmission cable, the signal quality of 33 participants’ impedance data was so bad that the data could not be analyzed or were completely missing. We therefore refrained from analyzing and reporting the PEP data of the remaining 24 participants.

  2. Given the quasi-experimental design of this study with the non-randomized group factor, we analyzed HR reactivity without controlling for these HR baseline differences (Jamieson 2004).

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Acknowledgments

Kerstin Brinkmann, Jessica Franzen, Cyrielle Rossier, Guido H. E. Gendolla, Geneva Motivation Lab, University of Geneva, Switzerland. This research was supported by a research grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF 100014-134557) awarded to the first author. Parts of the present research were presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, New Orleans, LA, September 19–23, 2012, at the 25th Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science, Washington, DC, May 23–26, 2013, and at the 6th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Motivation, Washington, DC, May 23, 2013.

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  1. Geneva Motivation Lab, FPSE, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 40, Bd. du Pont d’Arve, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland

    Kerstin Brinkmann, Jessica Franzen, Cyrielle Rossier & Guido H. E. Gendolla

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  1. Kerstin Brinkmann
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Brinkmann, K., Franzen, J., Rossier, C. et al. I don’t care about others’ approval: Dysphoric individuals show reduced effort mobilization for obtaining a social reward. Motiv Emot 38, 790–801 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9437-y

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