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Sleep Moderates and Mediates the Relationship Between Acculturation and Depressive Symptoms in Pregnant Mexican-American Women

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Abstract

Objective Greater acculturation is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in Mexican-American women, but the mechanisms by which acculturation influences perinatal outcomes are unclear. Pregnant acculturated Mexican-American women are more likely to engage in unhealthy prenatal behaviors relative to those less acculturated, including poor sleep. As sleep disruptions are associated with acculturation and negative perinatal outcomes, particularly maternal depression, alterations in sleep may adversely affect pregnant Mexican-American women. Methods Sixty pregnant women of Mexican descent completed surveys about sleep, acculturation, depressive symptoms and potential protective factor of social support. Results Acculturation, but not social support, significantly predicted increased sleep disruptions as well as overall feeling less refreshed upon waking across pregnancy. Moderation analysis indicated that more acculturated women who took longer to fall asleep reported increased depressive symptoms. Feeling refreshed upon waking also mediated the relationship between increased acculturation and elevated maternal depressive symptoms. Conclusions Acculturation and altered sleep contribute to greater risk in Mexican-American women for maternal depressive symptoms in the perinatal period. These findings have implications for prevention and treatment of maternal mental health disorders, which may adversely affect perinatal outcomes in the vulnerable Mexican-American population.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Maribel Perea, Jazmin Garcia and Marianne Kreither for their contributions to this research. We would also to thank the families for their participation and NIH and NSF for funding this work.

Funding

This work was funded by research grants from the University of Colorado Dean’s Academic Enrichment Fund (MCH), Developmental Psychobiology Endowment Fund (University of Colorado Denver, Department of Psychiatry) and NIH CA126971 (MLL) and MH086383 (RGR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, SBSB 3229, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, CA, 92096, USA

    Kimberly L. D’Anna-Hernandez & Esmeralda Garcia

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

    Mary Coussons-Read

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    Mark L. Laudenslager & Randal G. Ross

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  1. Kimberly L. D’Anna-Hernandez
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  2. Esmeralda Garcia
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Correspondence to Kimberly L. D’Anna-Hernandez.

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D’Anna-Hernandez, K.L., Garcia, E., Coussons-Read, M. et al. Sleep Moderates and Mediates the Relationship Between Acculturation and Depressive Symptoms in Pregnant Mexican-American Women. Matern Child Health J 20, 422–433 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1840-9

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