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Effectiveness of a Combined Prenatal and Postpartum Smoking Cessation Program

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Abstract

Women frequently quit smoking during pregnancy but then relapse postpartum. The BABY & ME—Tobacco Free program combines prenatal and postpartum smoking cessation counseling and biomarker feedback with monthly postpartum incentives. The settings included 22 sites (WIC offices and prenatal clinics) in upstate New York. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate this intervention, that included four face-to-face prenatal sessions with a counselor who did smoking cessation counseling, carbon monoxide testing and random saliva cotinine testing. For 1 year postpartum, mothers were biochemically tested every 3–4 weeks and, if negative, were issued a voucher for diapers. Three implementation models were studied: multi-tasking counselors at fixed sites (Models 1 and 2) versus itinerant smoking cessation specialists (Model 3). Outcomes included biochemically validated abstinence rates during pregnancy and postpartum. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of postpartum abstinence and program dropout. Proportional hazards regression was used to compare implementation models. Of the 777 pregnant women who enrolled in the program, 588 were eligible for the postpartum program. The intention to treat pregnancy quit rate was 60%. Postpartum, Model 3 showed consistently better quit outcomes than the other models. Predictors of abstinence at 6 months postpartum are: older age (OR = 1.07, 95% C.I. 1.02–1.12), lower baseline carbon monoxide level (OR = 0.69, 95% C.I. 0.49–0.97), Model 3 (OR = 4.60, 95% C.I. 2.80–7.57) and attending more prenatal sessions (OR = 3.52; 95% C.I. 2.19–5.65). The BABY & ME—Tobacco Free program is an effective smoking cessation program for pregnant and parenting women.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Promising Interventions Grant from Tobacco Use Prevention and Control Program, at the New York State Department of Health. We are grateful to the many BABY & ME Tobacco Free program sites in Chautauqua, Cattaragus, Allegany and Livingston counties in New York State. We also acknowledge REACH CNY in Syracuse, NY for implementation of the itinerant BABY & ME Tobacco Free program model. We also acknowledge the Women’s Health Clinic at Bassett Healthcare in Cooperstown, NY and the Schoharie county WIC program for recruiting the comparison group. This study was presented at the 2007 and 2009 National Conference on Tobacco or Health and at the 2007 and 2008 American Evaluation Association meetings.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bassett Healthcare Research Institute, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY, 13326, USA

    Anne Gadomski, Nancy Tallman, Nicole Krupa & Paul Jenkins

  2. TriCounty Tobacco Control Program of Chautauqua, Cattaragus, Allegany, Jamestown, NY, 14701, USA

    Laurie Adams

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  1. Anne Gadomski
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  2. Laurie Adams
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  3. Nancy Tallman
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  4. Nicole Krupa
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  5. Paul Jenkins
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Correspondence to Anne Gadomski.

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Gadomski, A., Adams, L., Tallman, N. et al. Effectiveness of a Combined Prenatal and Postpartum Smoking Cessation Program. Matern Child Health J 15, 188–197 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-010-0568-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-010-0568-9

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