Top

Gepubliceerd in:

30-01-2021 | Empirical Research

The Development of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms among Adolescents Who Experience Cyber and Traditional Victimization over Time

Auteurs: Brett Holfeld, Faye Mishna

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 12/2021

Abstract

Adolescents’ experiences of bullying victimization are positively associated with their post-traumatic stress symptoms. The development of these symptoms alongside experiences of bullying victimization over time, however, are not well understood. The current study used a transactional theory of development to examine the bidirectional associations between adolescents’ post-traumatic stress symptoms and experiences of cyber and traditional victimization across three academic years. Participants were 510 Canadian students in grade 7 or 10 (M_age = 13.7, 61.6% girls) who completed surveys annually. The findings show that adolescents’ concurrent experiences of cyber and traditional victimization were uniquely associated with their post-traumatic stress symptoms. Over time, greater post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with more experiences of cyber and traditional victimization among adolescent boys and girls. Prevention and intervention efforts must address the role of post-traumatic stress symptoms that may limit adolescents’ ability to develop or maintain healthy relationships.

vorige artikel Suicide Risk in Emerging Adulthood: Associations with Screen Time over 10 years

volgende artikel The Impact of Television, Electronic Games, and Social Technology Use on Sleep and Health in Adolescents with an Evening Circadian Preference

Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.

Attar-Schwartz, S., Mishna, F., & Khoury-Kassabri, M. (2019). The role of classmates’ social support, peer victimization, and gender in externalizing and internalizing behaviours among Canadian youth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 2335–2346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0852-z.CrossRef

Atwood, G. E., & Stolorow, R. D. (2014). Structures of subjectivity: explorations in psychoanalytic phenomenology and contextualism. (2nd ed.) New York, NY: Routledge.

Baldry, A. C., Sorrentino, A., & Farrington, D. P. (2019). Post-traumatic stress symptoms among Italian preadolescents involved in school and cyber bullying and victimization. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 2358–2364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1122-4.CrossRef

Brody, N., & Vangelisti, A. L. (2017). Cyberbullying: topics, strategies, and sex differences. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 739–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.020.CrossRef

Burke, T., Sticca, F., & Perren, S. (2017). Everything’s gonna be alright! The longitudinal interplay among social support, peer victimization, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(9), 1999–2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0653-0.CrossRefPubMed

Byers, D. S. (2016). Recognition of social pain among peers: rethinking the role of bystanders in bullying and cyberbullying. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 86(4), 335–354.CrossRef

Byers, D. S., Mishna, F., & Solo, C. (2019 online first). Clinical practice with children and adolescents involved in bullying and cyberbullying: gleaning guidelines from the literature. Clinical Social Work Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-019-00713-3.

Casper, D., & Card, N. A. (2017). Overt and relational victimization: a meta-analytic review of their overlap and associations with social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 88(2), 466–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12621.CrossRefPubMed

Chu, X.-W., Fan, C.-Y., Lian, S.-L., & Zhou, Z.-K. (2019). Does bullying victimization really influence adolescents’ psychosocial problems? A three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 246, 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.103.CrossRefPubMed

Clarke, E. A., & Kiselica, M. S. (1997). A systemic counseling approach to the problem of bullying. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 31(4), 310–325.

Crosby, J., Oehler, J., & Capaccioli, K. (2010). The relationship between peer victimization and post-traumatic stress symptomatology in a rural sample. Psychology in Schools, 47, 297–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20471.CrossRef

Cross, D., Lester, L., & Barnes, A. (2015). A longitudinal study of the social and emotional predictors and consequences of cyber and traditional bullying victimisation. International Journal of Public Health, 60, 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0655-1.CrossRefPubMed

DaSilva, S. M., & Keeler, C. (2017). Adolescent peer victimization and PTSD risk. Adolescent Psychiatry, 7(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676606666161121103635.CrossRef

DeSmet, A., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Walrave, M., & Vandebosch, H. (2019). Associations between bystander reactions to cyberbullying and victims’ emotional experiences and mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(10), 648–656. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0031.CrossRef

Eray, S., Murat, D., Ucar, H. N., & Gonullu, E. (2020). Psychological well-being among internally displaced adolescents and the effect of psychopathology on PTSD scores depends on gender. Community Mental Health Journal, 56, 1489–1495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00594-8.CrossRefPubMed

Espelage, D. L., Hong, J. S., & Mebane, S. (2016). Recollections of childhood bullying and multiple forms of victimization: correlates with psychological functioning among college students. Social Psychology of Education, 19, 715–728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-016-9352-z.CrossRef

Fahy, A. E., Stansfeld, S. A., Smuk, M., Smith, N. R., Cummins, S., & Clark, C. (2016). Longitudinal associations between cyberbullying involvement and adolescent mental health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59, 502–509.CrossRef

Gakidou, E., Afshin, A., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., & Aboyans, V. (2017). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet, 390(10100), 1345–1422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32366-8.CrossRef

Gamez-Guadix, M. G., Orue, I., Smith, P. K., & Calvete, E. (2013). Longitudinal and reciprocal relations of cyberbullying with depression, substance use, and problematic internet use among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.030.CrossRef

Gini, G., Card, N. A., & Pozzoli, T. (2018). A meta-analysis of the differential relations of traditional and cyber-victimization with internalizing problems. Aggressive Behavior, 44, 185–198.CrossRef

Guzzo, G., Pace, U., Cascio, V. L., Craparo, G., & Schimmenti, A. (2014). Bullying victimization, post-traumatic symptoms, and the mediating role of alexithymia. Child Indicators Research, 7(1), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9206-6.CrossRef

Haltigan, J. D., & Vaillancourt, T. (2014). Joint trajectories of bullying and peer victimization across elementary and middle school and associations with symptoms of psychopathology. Developmental Psychology, 50(11), 2426–2436.CrossRef

Holfeld, B. (2014). Perceptions and attributions of bystanders to cyber bullying. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.012.CrossRef

Holfeld, B., & Leadbeater, B. J. (2018). The inter-related effects of traditional and cyber victimization on the development of internalizing symptoms and aggressive behaviors in elementary school. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 64(2), 220–247.CrossRef

Holfeld, B., & Mishna, F. (2019). Internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems: risk factors for or consequences of cyber victimization? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48, 567–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0974-7.CrossRefPubMed

Idsoe, T., Dyregrov, A., & Idsoe, E. C. (2012). Bullying and PTSD symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(6), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9620-0.CrossRefPubMed

Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Kochel, K. P., Ladd, G. W., & Rudolph, K. D. (2012). Longitudinal associations among youth depressive symptoms: an interpersonal process perspective. Child Development, 83(2), 637–650. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01722.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618.CrossRefPubMed

Litman, L., Costantino, G., Waxman, R., Sanabria-Velez, C., Rodriguez-Guzman, V. M., Lampon-Velez, A., & Cruz, T. (2015). Relationship between peer victimization and posttraumatic stress among primary school children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(4), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22031.CrossRefPubMed

MacGregor, E., & McNamara, J. R. (1995). Comparison of return procedures involving mailed versus student-delivered parental consent forms. Psychological Reports, 77(3f), 1113–1114.CrossRef

Mateu, A., Pascual-Sanchez, A., Martinez-Herves, M., Hickey, N., Nicholls, D., & Kramer, T. (2020). Cyberbullying and post-traumatic stress symptoms in UK adolescents. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 105(10), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318716.CrossRef

McLaughlin, K. A., Koenen, K. C., Hill, E. D., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2013). Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in a national sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(8), 815–830.CrossRef

Mishna, F., Cook, C., Gadalla, T., Daciuk, J., & Solomon, S. (2010). Cyberbullying behaviors among middle and high school students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 362–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01040.x.CrossRef

Mishna, F., McInroy, L. B., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Bhole, P., VanWert, M., Schwan, K., & Johnston, D. (2016). Prevalence, motivations, and social, mental health and health consequences of cyberbullying among school-aged children and youth: protocol of a longitudinal and multi-perspective mixed method study. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(2), e83 May 24.CrossRef

Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions, K. C. (2014). Bullying prevalence across contexts: a meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55, 602–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007.CrossRef

Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (2017). Mplus User’s Guide. Eighth Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.

Napoletano, A., Elgar, F. J., Saul, G., Dirks, M., & Craig, W. (2016). The view from the bottom: relative deprivation and bullying victimization in Canadian adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(20), 3443–3463.CrossRef

Obrdalj, C. E., Sesar, K., Santic, Z., Klaric, M., Sesar, I., & Rumboldt, M. (2013). Trauam symptoms in pupils involved in school bullying – a cross sectional study conducted in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Collegium, Antropologicum, 37(1), 11–16.

Olweus, D. (2012). Cyberbullying: an overrated phenomenon? European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 520–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.682358.CrossRef

Ranney, M. L., Patena, J. V., Nugent, N., Spirito, A., Boyer, E., Zatzick, D., & Cunningham, R. (2016). PTSD, cyberbullying, and peer violence: prevlanence and correlates among adolescent emergency department patients. General Hospital Psychiatry, 39, 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.12.002.CrossRefPubMed

Reijntjes, A., Kamphuis, J. H., Prinzie, P., Boelen, P. A., van der Schoot, M., & Telch, M. J. (2011). Prospective linkages between peer victimization and externalizing problems in children: a meta–analysis. Aggressive Behavior, 37, 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20374.CrossRefPubMed

Sameroff, A. J., & MacKenzie, M. J. (2003). Research strategies for capturing transactional models of development: the limits of the possible. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 613–640. https://doi.org/10.1017.S0954579403000312.CrossRef

Sanchez, V., Munoz-Fernandez, N., & Vega-Gea, E. (2017). Peer sexual cybervictimization in adolescents: development and validation of a scale. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17, 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.04.001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Selig, J. P., Little, T. D. (2012). Autoregressive and cross-lagged panel analysis for longitudinal data. In: B. Laursen, T. D. Little, and N. A. Card (Eds.). Handbook of developmental research methods (pp. 265-278). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Sjurso, I., Fandrem, H., & Roland, E. (2020). “All the time, every day, 24/7”: a qualitative perspective on symptoms of post-traumatic stress in long-term cases of traditional and cyber victimization in Norway and Ireland. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 2, 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-019-00024-8.CrossRef

Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024.CrossRef

Sosin, L. S., & Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. (2016). Creative exposure treatment as part of clinical treatment for adolescents exposed to bullying and experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 11(3-4), 391–408.CrossRef

Thornberg, R. (2011). ‘She’s Weird!’ – the social construction of bullying in school: a review of qualitative research. Children and Society, 25(4), 258–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2011.00374.x.CrossRef

Toronto District School Board (2014). Quick facts URL: http://www.tdsb.on.ca/AboutUs/QuickFacts.aspx [accessed 2016-02-13] [WebCite Cache ID 6fH9PvbV6].

van der Kolk, B. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder and the nature of trauma. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2000.2.1/bvdkolk.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vitoroulis, I., Brittain, H., & Vaillancourt, T. (2016). School ethnic composition and bullying in Canadian schools. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 40(5), 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025415603490.CrossRef

Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2015). The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.12.002.CrossRef

Wright, M. F. (2016). Cyber victimization on college campuses: longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety. Criminal Justice Review, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016816634785.

Ybarra, M. L., Boyd, D., Korchmaros, J. D., & Oppenheim, J. (2012). Defining and measuring cyberbullying within the larger context of bullying victimization. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(1), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.031.CrossRef

You, D. S., Youngstrom, E. A., Feeny, N. C., Youngstrom, J. K., & Findling, R. L. (2017). Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of five instruments for detecting posttraumatic stress disorder in youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(4), 511–522.CrossRef

Zhu, Y., Li, W., O’Brien, J. E., & Liu, T. (2019). Parent-child moderates the associations between cyberbullying victimization and adolescents’ health/mental health problems: an exploration of cyberbullying victimization among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519854559.

Titel: The Development of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms among Adolescents Who Experience Cyber and Traditional Victimization over Time
Auteurs: Brett Holfeld
Faye Mishna
Publicatiedatum: 30-01-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 12/2021
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01394-3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2021

Perceptions of Parenting in Daily Life: Adolescent-Parent Differences and Associations with Adolescent Affect

Adolescent Risk of Dating Violence and Electronic Dating Abuse: A Latent Class Analysis

Adolescent Victim Types Across the Popularity Status Hierarchy: Differences in Internalizing Symptoms

Antecedents and Consequences of Discrepant Perceptions of Racial Socialization between Parents and Adolescents within Mexican-Origin Families

Evaluating a Sport-Based Mental Health Literacy Intervention in Australian Amateur Sporting Adolescents

Childhood ADHD Symptoms, Parent Emotion Socialization, and Adolescent Peer Problems: Indirect Effects Through Emotion Dysregulation