Top

Gepubliceerd in:

17-10-2019 | Empirical Research

Cross-Ethnic Friendships, Intergroup Attitudes, Intragroup Social Costs, and Depressive Symptoms among Asian-American and Latino-American Youth

Auteurs: Annemarie Kelleghan, Luiza Mali, Sarah Malamut, Daryaneh Badaly, Mylien Duong, David Schwartz

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 11/2019

Abstract

As American school districts become increasingly diverse, understanding the processes that promote positive intergroup relations is a critical task. The role of cross-ethnic friendships is one important factor, given the significance of these reciprocated peer relationships for social development. The current study examines the short-term longitudinal impact of cross-ethnic friendships on peer group attitudes and emotional adjustment. 524 student participants (54.8% female; M_age = 15.06 years, SD = 0.75; 47% Latino, 53% Asian-American) were followed for one year with two spring data collections. Students completed a self-report inventory assessing depressive symptoms and a peer nomination inventory assessed friendship, liking, disliking, popularity, and unpopularity. Cross-ethnic friendships were predictive of positive attitudes toward peers from other ethnic/racial groups and were also linked to declines in depressive symptoms for boys. Moreover, these positive effects did not come at a social cost, as cross-ethnic friendships were not associated with rejection by same-ethnic peers. Cross-ethnic friendships provide a unique environment that contributes to positive intergroup attitudes and beneficial socioemotional development for some youth.

vorige artikel Depressive Symptoms Amplify Emotional Reactivity to Daily Perceptions of Peer Rejection in Adolescence

volgende artikel Does Negative Emotional Reactivity Moderate the Relation between Contextual Cohesion and Adolescent Well-Being?

We are reporting models with transformed variables, as this is the most conservative approach considering the peer nomination and self-report data were skewed. However, preliminary analyses conducted prior to transforming the variables showed a similar pattern of results.

In our pilot analyses, we ran linear regression models, separately predicting intergroup and intragroup attitudes at Y2 from Y1 cross-ethnic friendships, including Y1 stability variable, ethnicity, gender, and ethnic identity as control variables. Entry of those variables had no impact on the pattern of results.

Aboud, F. E. (2003). The formation of ingroup favoritism and outgroup prejudice in young children: are they distinct attitudes? Developmental Psychology, 39(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.1.48.CrossRefPubMed

Aboud, F., Mendelson, M., & Purdy, K. (2003). Cross-race peer relations and friendship quality. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250244000164.CrossRef

Allport, G. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor.

Anderson, E. R., & Mayes, L. C. (2010). Race/ethnicity and internalizing disorders in youth: A review. Clinical psychology review, 30(3), 338–348.

Arbuckle, J. L., & Wothke, W. (1999). AMOS 4.0 user’s guide. Chicago: SPSS Incorporated.

Bagci, S. C., Kumashiro, M., Smith, P. K., Blumberg, H., & Rutland, A. (2014a). Cross-ethnic friendships: are they really rare? Evidence from secondary schools around London. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 41, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.04.001.CrossRef

Bagci, S. C., Rutland, A., Kumashiro, M., Smith, P. K., & Blumberg, H. (2014b). Are minority status children’s cross-ethnic friendships beneficial in a multiethnic context? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 32, 107–115.CrossRef

Baron, A. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2006). The development of implicit attitudes: evidence of race evaluations from ages 6 and 10 and adulthood. Psychological Science, 17(1), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01664.x.CrossRefPubMed

Bellmore, A., Jiang, X. L., & Juvonen, J. (2010). Utilizing peer nominations in middle school: a longitudinal comparison between complete classroom‐based and random list methods. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(2), 538–550.CrossRef

Bellmore, A. D., Nishina, A., Witkow, M. R., Graham, S., & Juvonen, J. (2007). The influence of classroom ethnic composition on same- and other-ethnicity peer nominations in middle school. Social Development, 16(4), 720–740. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00404.x.CrossRef

Cameron, J. A., Alvarez, J. M., Ruble, D. N., & Fuligni, A. J. (2001). Children’s lay theories about ingroups and outgroups: reconceptualizing research on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(2), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0502_3.CrossRef

Chen, X., & Graham, S. (2015). Cross-ethnic friendships and intergroup attitudes among Asian American adolescents. Child Development, 86(3), 749–764. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12339.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cillessen, A. H. N., & Marks, P. E. L. (2011). Conceptualizing and measuring popularity. In A. H. N. Cillessen, D. Schwartz & L. Mayeux (Eds), Popularity in the Peer System (pp. 25–56). New York, NY: Guilford.

Dunham, Y., Baron, A. S., & Carey, S. (2011). Consequences of “minimal” group affiliations in children. Child Development, 82(3), 793–811.CrossRef

Erdley, C. A., & Day, H. J. (2017). Friendship in childhood and adolescence. In M. Hojjat & A. Moyer (Eds.), The pscyhology of friendship (pp. 3–21). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Geiger, A. (2017). Many minority kids go to schools where at least half of students are their race, ethnicity. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/10/25/many-minority-students-go-to-schools-where-at-least-half-of-their-peers-are-their-race-or-ethnicity/.

Graham, S., Munniksma, A., & Juvonen, J. (2014). Psychosocial benefits of cross-ethnic friendships in urban middle schools. Child Development, 85(2), 469–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12159.CrossRefPubMed

Graham, S., Taylor, A., & Ho, A. (2009). Race and ethnicity in peer relations research. In K. Rubin, W. Bukowski & B. Laursen (Eds), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 394–413). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Greenwald, A. G., & Pettigrew, T. F. (2014). With malice toward none and charity for some: Ingroup favoritism enables discrimination. American Psychologist, 69(7), 669–684.CrossRef

Hartup, W. W., & Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 355.CrossRef

Kawabata, Y., & Crick, N. R. (2008). The role of cross-racial/ethnic friendships in social adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1177–1183. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.1177.CrossRefPubMed

Kovacs, M. (1985). The children’s depression inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995–998.

Lease, A. M., & Blake, J. J. (2005). A comparison of majority-race children with and without a minority-race friend. Social Development, 14(1), 20–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2005.00289.x.CrossRef

Lee, L. S. (2016). Peer relations and social adjustment of Latino and Chinese children in head start classrooms. Early Education and Development, 27(1), 1–17.CrossRef

McElhaney, K. B., Antonishak, J., & Allen, J. P. (2008). “They like me, they like me not”: popularity and adolescents’ perceptions of acceptance predicting social functioning over time. Child development, 79(3), 720–731.CrossRef

McFarland, J., Hussar, B., de Brey, C., Snyder, T., Wang, X., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., … & Bullock Mann, F. (2017). The Condition of Education 2017. NCES 2017-144. National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/pdf/coe_cge.pdf.

McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415–444. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415.CrossRef

Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(6), 922–934. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504.CrossRef

Rudolph, K. D., Lansford, J. E., & Rodkin, P. C. (2016a). Interpersonal theories of psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology. (3rd ed.) (pp. 243–311). London: Wiley.

Schneider, B. H., Dixon, K., & Udvari, S. (2007). Closeness and competition in the inter-ethnic and co-ethnic friendships of early adolescents in Toronto and Montreal. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 27(1), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431606294822.CrossRef

Schwartz, D., Gorman, A., Duong, M., & Nakamoto, J. (2008). Peer relationships and academic achievement as interacting predictors of depressive symptoms during middle childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 289–299.CrossRef

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2006). Using multivariate statistics (5th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33–47). Monterrey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Thijs, J., & Verkuyten, M. (2012). Ethnic attitudes of minority students and their contact with majority group teachers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 33, 260–268.CrossRef

Ueno, K. (2005). The effects of friendship networks on adolescent depressive symptoms. Social Science Research, 34, 484–510.CrossRef

Umaña-Taylor, A. J., & Updegraff, K. A. (2007). Latino adolescents’ mental health: exploring the interrelations among discrimination, ethnic identity, cultural orientation, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Adolescence, 30(4), 549–567.CrossRef

Vaquera, E., & Kao, G. (2008). Do you like me as much as I like you? Friendship reciprocity and its effects on school outcomes among adolescents. Social Science Research, 37(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.11.002.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wilson, T., & Rodkin, P. C. (2011). African American and European American children in diverse elementary classrooms: social integration, social status, and social behavior. Child Development, 82, 1454–1469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01634.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Cross-Ethnic Friendships, Intergroup Attitudes, Intragroup Social Costs, and Depressive Symptoms among Asian-American and Latino-American Youth
Auteurs: Annemarie Kelleghan
Luiza Mali
Sarah Malamut
Daryaneh Badaly
Mylien Duong
David Schwartz
Publicatiedatum: 17-10-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 11/2019
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01143-7

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2019

Benefits of Extracurricular Participation in Early Adolescence: Associations with Peer Belonging and Mental Health

Examining the Directionality Between Identity Development and Depressive Symptoms Among Recently Immigrated Hispanic Adolescents

Does Negative Emotional Reactivity Moderate the Relation between Contextual Cohesion and Adolescent Well-Being?

A Reciprocal and Longitudinal Investigation of Peer and School Stressors and Depressive Symptoms Among Mexican-Origin Adolescent Females

Is Life Satisfaction an Antecedent to Coping Behaviors for Adolescents?

Secular Trends in Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Growing Disparities between Advantaged and Disadvantaged Schools