Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-09-2018 | Empirical Research

Stability and Change of Bullying Roles in the Traditional and Virtual Contexts: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in Chinese Early Adolescents

Auteurs: Xiao-Wei Chu, Cui-Ying Fan, Qing-Qi Liu, Zong-Kui Zhou

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 11/2018

Abstract

Traditional bullying and cyberbullying are two prevalent phenomena among adolescents around the world. Typically, bullying incidents involve distinct perpetrator and victim roles. However, the question whether participants’ roles in bullying situation remain stable or changeable is unclear. The present study examined the developmental stability and change of bullying roles by simultaneously investigating adolescents’ bullying behaviors both in the traditional and virtual contexts. Participants were 661 seventh- and eighth-grade students (39.0% girls) aged 11–15 years (M = 12.86, SD = .73) in China. They completed a survey measuring their experiences in perpetration and victimization of traditional bullying and cyberbullying at three time points with 6-month intervals. A cross-lagged panel design was used to test for the temporal sequence of research variables. The results showed a moderate consistency in the bullying roles that students took on (i.e., perpetrator and victim) over time. Traditional bullying perpetrators continued to bully others online, whereas cyberbullying victims continued to be bullied offline. Regarding role change in bullying, perpetrators and victims did not change their roles in traditional bullying situation, but they tended to change their roles to the opposites in cyberbullying situation. Traditional bullying victims were more likely to become cyberbullying perpetrators, and vice versa. Traditional bullying perpetrators also had a greater tendency of being bullied online, but not vice versa. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing adolescents’ bullying behaviors should focus on the stability and change of bullying roles in the traditional and virtual contexts.

vorige artikel Consequences of Involvement in Distinct Patterns of Adolescent Peer and Dating Violence

volgende artikel Applying Social Cognitive Theory to Explore Relational Aggression across Early Adolescence: A Within- and Between-Person Analysis

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47–87.CrossRef

Bandalos, D. L. (2002). The effects of item parceling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(1), 78–102.CrossRef

Barlett, C. P., & Gentile, D. A. (2012). Attacking others online: The formation of cyberbullying in late adolescence. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1(2), 123–135.CrossRef

Barlett, C. P., Prot, S., Anderson, C. A., & Gentile, D. A. (2017). An empirical examination of the strength differential hypothesis in cyberbullying behavior. Psychology of Violence, 7(1), 22–32.CrossRef

Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modeling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 815–824.CrossRef

Bettencourt, A. F., & Farrell, A. D. (2013). Individual and contextual factors associated with patterns of aggression and peer victimization during middle school. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(2), 285–302.CrossRef

Burton, K. A., Florell, D., & Wygant, D. B. (2013). The role of peer attachment and normative beliefs about aggression on traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Psychology in the Schools, 50(2), 103–115.CrossRef

Caspi, A., Elder, G. H., & Bem, D. J. (1987). Moving against the world: Life-course patterns of explosive children. Developmental Psychology, 23(2), 308–313.CrossRef

Chan, H. C. O., & Wong, D. S. (2015). Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying in Chinese societies: Prevalence and a review of the whole-school intervention approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 98–108.CrossRef

Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 464–504.CrossRef

Chen, S. (2001). The investigation of school bullying in elementary, middle, and high schools. Social Psychology Research, 1, 24–28.

Cheng, S. T., Cheung, K. C. C., & Cheung, C. (2008). Peer victimization and depression among Hong Kong adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 766–776.CrossRef

China Internet Network Information Center (CINIC) (2018). The 41st China statistical report on Internet development. http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/201803/P020180305409870339136.pdf Retrieved 18 July 2018.

Chu, X. W., Fan, C. Y., Liu, Q. Q., & Zhou, Z. K. (2018). Cyberbullying victimization and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents: Examining hopelessness as a mediator and self-compassion as a moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 377–386.CrossRef

Chu, X.-w, & Fan, C.-y (2017). Revision of the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory among junior high school students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25(6), 1031–1034.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd Ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Craig, W., Harel-Fisch, Y., Fogel-Grinvald, H., Dostaler, S., Hetland, J., & Simons-Morton, B., et al. (2009). A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. International Journal of Public Health, 54(2), 216–224.CrossRef

Culnan, M. J., & Markus, M. L. (1987). Information technologies. In F. M. Jablin, L. L. Putnam, K. H. Roberts & L. W. Porter (Eds.), Handbook of organizational communication: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 420–443). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Dehue, F., Bolman, C., & Vollink, T. (2008). Cyberbullying: youngsters’ experiences and parental perception. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(2), 217–223.CrossRef

del Rey, R., Elipe, P., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2012). Bullying and cyberbullying: Overlapping and predictive value of the co-occurrence. Psicothema, 24(4), 608–613.PubMed

Dooley, J. J., Pyzalski, J., & Cross, D. (2009). Cyberbullying versus face-to-face bullying: A theoretical and conceptual review. Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 182–188.

Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling, 8(3), 430–457.CrossRef

Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T. R. (2001). Short-term stability and prospective correlates of bullying in middle-school students: An examination of potential demographic, psychosocial, and environmental influences. Violence and Victims, 16(4), 411–426.CrossRef

Fan, C. -Y., Chu, X. -W., Zhang, M., & Zhou, Z. -K. (2016). Are narcissists more likely to be involved in cyberbullying? Examining the mediating role of self-esteem. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1–24. Advance online publication.

Fan, C.-y., Zhang, M., & He, D. (2017). Effect of parental control on cyber-bullying in adolescents: The mediating role of moral disengagement. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25(3), 516–519.

Gini, G., Card, N. A., & Pozzoli, T. (2018). A meta-analysis of the differential relations of traditional and cyber-victimization with internalizing problems. Aggressive Behavior, 44(2), 185–198.CrossRef

Gradinger, P., Strohmeier, D., Schiller, E. M., Stefanek, E., & Spiel, C. (2012). Cyber-victimization and popularity in early adolescence: Stability and predictive associations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 228–243.CrossRef

Gradinger, P., Yanagida, T., Strohmeier, D., & Spiel, C. (2016). Effectiveness and sustainability of the ViSC Social Competence Program to prevent cyberbullying and cyber-victimization: Class and individual level moderators. Aggressive Behavior, 42(2), 181–193.CrossRef

Harter, S. (1999). A model of causes, correlates, and consequences of global self-worth. In S. Harter (Ed.), The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York, NY: Guilford.

He, D., Shen, X., & Yang, H. (2017). The effect of parenting style on adolecents’ cyber bullying: The mediating role of empathy. China Journal of Health Psychology, 25(3), 403–406.

Hemphill, S. A., Kotevski, A., Tollit, M., Smith, R., Herrenkohl, T. I., Toumbourou, J. W., & Catalano, R. F. (2012). Longitudinal predictors of cyber and traditional bullying perpetration in Australian secondary school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(1), 59–65.CrossRef

Hong, J. S., & Espelage, D. L. (2012). A review of research on bullying and peer victimization in school: An ecological system analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(4), 311–322.CrossRef

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef

Huang, H., Hong, J. S., & Espelage, D. L. (2013). Understanding factors associated with bullying and peer victimization in Chinese schools within ecological contexts. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 881–892.CrossRef

Jang, H., Song, J., & Kim, R. (2014). Does the offline bully-victimization influence cyberbullying behavior among youths? Application of general strain theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 85–93.CrossRef

Jose, P. E., Kljakovic, M., Scheib, E., & Notter, O. (2012). The joint development of traditional bullying and victimization with cyber bullying and victimization in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(2), 301–309.CrossRef

Kim, J.-Y. (2000). Social interaction in computer-mediated communication. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science, 26(3), 15–17.CrossRef

Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., & Wardrop, J. L. (2001). Chronicity and instability of children’s peer victimization experiences as predictors of loneliness and social satisfaction trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 134–151.CrossRef

König, A., Gollwitzer, M., & Steffgen, G. (2010). Cyberbullying as an act of revenge? Australian Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 20(2), 210–224.CrossRef

Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S22–S30.CrossRef

Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137.CrossRef

Lai, S. L., Ye, R., & Chang, K. P. (2008). Bullying in middle schools: An Asian-Pacific regional study. Asia Pacific Education Review, 9, 503–515.CrossRef

Lam, L. T., Cheng, Z., & Liu, X. (2013). Violent online games exposure and cyberbullying/victimization among adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(3), 159–165.CrossRef

Lapidot-Lefler, N., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2015). Comparing cyberbullying and school bullying among school students: Prevalence, gender, and grade level differences. Social Psychology of Education, 18(1), 1–16.CrossRef

Li, H. L., Zhang, W. X., & Yu, F. J. (2012). The relationship between victimization and depression of adolescents. Psychological Development and Education, 1, 77–82.

Li, Q. (2008). A cross-cultural comparison of adolescents’ experience related to cyberbullying. Educational Research, 50(3), 223–234.CrossRef

Li, Y.-j. (2016). Victimization and suicide in adolescents: Mediating effect of depression and its gender difference. Chinese. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(2), 282–286.

Li, Y.-j., Chen, F.-m., Lu, F.-r., & Wang, Y. (2015). Effect of cyber victimization on deviant behavior in adolescents: The moderating effect of self-control Chinese. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 896–900.

Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., & Shahar, G. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151–173.CrossRef

Ma, X. (2001). Bullying and being bullied: To what extent are bullies also victims?. American Educational Research Journal, 38(2), 351–370.CrossRef

Matsunaga, M. (2008). Item parceling in structural equation modeling: A primer. Communication Methods and Measures, 2(4), 260–293.CrossRef

Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., Palladino, B. E., Frisén, A., Berne, S., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. et al. (2012). Cyberbullying definition among adolescents: A comparison across six European countries. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 455–463.CrossRef

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998). Mplus user’s guide. 7th Ed. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén copyright. 2012.

Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, USA: Blackwell.

Olweus, D., Limber, S. P., Flerx, V. C., Mullin, N., Riese, J., & Snyder, M. (2007). Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: Schoolwide guide. Center City, MN: Hazelden.

Pabian, S., & Vandebosch, H. (2016). An investigation of short-term longitudinal associations between social anxiety and victimization and perpetration of traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(2), 328–339.CrossRef

Paez, G. R. (2018). Cyberbullying among adolescents: A general strain theory perspective. Journal of School Violence, 17(1), 74–85.CrossRef

Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148–169.CrossRef

Pellegrini, A. D. (2002). Bullying, victimization, and sexual harassment during the transition to middle school. Educational Psychologist, 37(3), 151–163.CrossRef

Pornari, C. D., & Wood, J. (2010). Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students: The role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome expectancies. Aggressive Behavior, 36(2), 81–94.CrossRef

Qiao, Y. J., Xing, Y., Ji, C. Y., & Zhang, L. (2009). The prevalence of bullying behaviors among urban middle school students in 18 provinces, China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bingen Xue Za Zhi, 30, 444–447.

Rosen, P. J., Milich, R., & Harris, M. J. (2007). Victims of their own cognitions: Implicit social cognitions, emotional distress, and peer victimization. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(3), 211–226.CrossRef

Runions, K. C. (2013). Toward a conceptual model of motive and self-control in cyber-aggression: Rage, revenge, reward, and recreation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 751–771.CrossRef

Scarr, S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63(1), 1–19.CrossRef

Schäfer, M., Korn, S., Brodbeck, F. C., Wolke, D., & Schulz, H. (2005). Bullying roles in changing contexts: The stability of victim and bully roles from primary to secondary school. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(4), 323–335.CrossRef

Scholte, R. H., Engels, R. C., Overbeek, G., De Kemp, R. A., & Haselager, G. J. (2007). Stability in bullying and victimization and its association with social adjustment in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(2), 217–228.CrossRef

Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147–154.CrossRef

Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 26–32.CrossRef

Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376–385.CrossRef

Spiel, C., & Strohmeier, D. (2011). National strategy for violence prevention in Austrian schools and kindergarten: Development and implementation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 412–418.CrossRef

Sumter, S. R., Baumgartner, S. E., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2012). Developmental trajectories of peer victimization: Off-line and online experiences during adolescence. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(6), 607–613.CrossRef

Swearer, S. M., & Cary, P. T. (2003). Perceptions and attitudes toward bullying in middle school youth: A developmental examination across the bully/victim continuum. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 19(2), 63–79.CrossRef

Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277–287.CrossRef

Topcu, Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). The Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory (RCBI): Validity and reliability studies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 660–664.CrossRef

van den Eijnden, R., Vermulst, A., van Rooij, A. J., Scholte, R., & van de Mheen, D. (2014). The bidirectional relationships between online victimization and psychosocial problems in adolescents: A comparison with real-life victimization. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(5), 790–802.CrossRef

Von Marées, N., & Petermann, F. (2012). Cyberbullying: An increasing challenge for schools. School Psychology International, 33(5), 467–476.CrossRef

Werner, N. E., Bumpus, M. F., & Rock, D. (2010). Involvement in internet aggression during early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(6), 607–619.CrossRef

Wigfield, A., Eccles, J., Mac Iver, D. A., Reuman, D., & Midgley, C. (1991). Transitions during early adolescence: Changes in children’s domain-specific self-perceptions and general self-esteem across the transition to junior high school. Developmental Psychology, 27(4), 552–565.CrossRef

Wong, D. S., Chan, H. C. O., & Cheng, C. H. (2014). Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents in Hong Kong. Children and Youth Services Review, 36, 133–140.CrossRef

Wong, D. S., Cheng, C. H., Ngan, R. M., & Ma, S. K. (2011). Program effectiveness of a restorative whole-school approach for tackling school bullying in Hong Kong. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(6), 846–862.CrossRef

Wright, M. F., & Li, Y. (2012). Kicking the digital dog: A longitudinal investigation of young adults' victimization and cyber-displaced aggression. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 15(9), 448–454.CrossRef

Wright, M. F., & Li, Y. (2013a). Normative beliefs about aggression and cyber aggression among young adults: A longitudinal investigation. Aggressive Behavior, 39(3), 161–170.CrossRef

Wright, M. F., & Li, Y. (2013b). The association between cyber victimization and subsequent cyber aggression: The moderating effect of peer rejection. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 662–674.CrossRef

Zhang, W., Gu, C., Wang, M., Wang, Y., & Jones, K. (2000). Gender differences in the bully/victim problem among primary and junior middle school students. Psychological Science, 23(4), 435–439.

Zhou, Z., Tang, H., Tian, Y., Wei, H., Zhang, F., & Morrison, C. M. (2013). Cyberbullying and its risk factors among Chinese high school students. School Psychology International, 34(6), 630–647.CrossRef

Titel: Stability and Change of Bullying Roles in the Traditional and Virtual Contexts: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in Chinese Early Adolescents
Auteurs: Xiao-Wei Chu
Cui-Ying Fan
Qing-Qi Liu
Zong-Kui Zhou
Publicatiedatum: 01-09-2018
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 11/2018
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0908-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2018

Consequences of Involvement in Distinct Patterns of Adolescent Peer and Dating Violence

The Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and Dopamine Transporter Genes Moderated the Impact of Peer Relationships on Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Gene–Gene–Environment Study

Neighborhood Context, Family Cultural Values, and Latinx Youth Externalizing Problems

Who Benefits from Community Mental Health Care? Using Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Differential Treatment Outcomes for Youth

Reciprocal Relationships between Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Screen Media Use during Adolescence

Applying Social Cognitive Theory to Explore Relational Aggression across Early Adolescence: A Within- and Between-Person Analysis