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01-05-2015 | Empirical Research

Can Brief Alcohol Interventions for Youth Also Address Concurrent Illicit Drug Use? Results from a Meta-analysis

Auteurs: Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Katarzyna T. Steinka-Fry, Emily A. Hennessy, Mark W. Lipsey, Ken C. Winters

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 5/2015

Abstract

Brief interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use among youth may interrupt a possible developmental progression to more serious substance use if they can also affect the use of other illicit drugs. This meta-analysis examined the findings of recent research on the effects of brief alcohol interventions for adolescents and young adults on both alcohol and illicit drug use. Eligible studies were those using randomized or controlled quasi-experimental designs to examine the effects of brief alcohol interventions on illicit drug use outcomes among youth. A comprehensive literature search identified 30 eligible study samples that, on average, included participants age 17, with 57 % male participants and 56 % White youth. Three-level random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate mean effect sizes and explore variability in effects. Overall, brief interventions targeting both alcohol and other drugs were effective in reducing both of these substances. However, the brief interventions that targeted only alcohol had no significant secondary effects on untargeted illicit drug use. The evidence from current research, therefore, shows modest beneficial effects on outcomes that are targeted by brief interventions for youth, but does not show that those effects generalize to untargeted illicit drug use outcomes.

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We chose to include undergraduate college student samples given our conceptual interest in adolescents and young adults, and the fact that many primary studies recruited participants from undergraduate postsecondary educational institutions. Although living arrangements and opportunities for substance use will vary across these adolescent and young adult samples, the final analytic sample (see Table 1) ultimately only included studies with average ages up to 20.5. We also conducted post hoc analyses (see Fig. 2) to establish that participant age was not associated with the magnitude of observed effect sizes.

Recall that all analyses use method-adjusted effect sizes that controlled for study design, attrition, effect size estimation method, comparison group type, pretest differences between groups, and level of estimation in effect size calculation. Sensitivity analyses (not shown) using the unadjusted effect sizes yielded results that were substantively similar to those reported here, so we elected to present the results using the method-adjusted effect sizes that offer a more conservative picture of effects, net of methodological confounds in the primary studies.

The moderator analyses predicted all illicit drug use effect sizes simultaneously; models were not estimated separately for subsets of marijuana or other hard drug use outcomes given the small number of available effect sizes within those subsets. Further, given the high intercorrelations between intervention components and the small number of available effect sizes, all moderator analyses examined the effect of only one therapeutic intervention at a time (i.e., it was not feasible to implement multivariable meta-regression models).

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Titel: Can Brief Alcohol Interventions for Youth Also Address Concurrent Illicit Drug Use? Results from a Meta-analysis
Auteurs: Emily E. Tanner-Smith
Katarzyna T. Steinka-Fry
Emily A. Hennessy
Mark W. Lipsey
Ken C. Winters
Publicatiedatum: 01-05-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0252-x

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