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Parents’ Nonstandard Work Schedules and Child Well-Being: A Critical Review of the Literature

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Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive review of empirical evidence linking parental nonstandard work schedules to four main child developmental outcomes: internalizing and externalizing problems, cognitive development, and body mass index. We evaluated the studies based on theory and methodological rigor (longitudinal data, representative samples, consideration of selection and information bias, confounders, moderators, and mediators). Of 23 studies published between 1980 and 2012 that met the selection criteria, 21 reported significant associations between nonstandard work schedules and an adverse child developmental outcome. The associations were partially mediated through parental depressive symptoms, low quality parenting, reduced parent–child interaction and closeness, and a less supportive home environment. These associations were more pronounced in disadvantaged families and when parents worked such schedules full time. We discuss the nuance, strengths, and limitations of the existing studies, and propose recommendations for future research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Jianghong Li & Sarah E. Johnson

  2. Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Jianghong Li, Sarah E. Johnson & Garth Kendall

  3. Social Science Research Center Berlin, Reichpietschufer 50, 10785, Berlin, Germany

    Jianghong Li

  4. Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA

    Wen-Jui Han

  5. Curtin Business School, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Sonia Andrews & Alfred Dockery

  6. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Garth Kendall

  7. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, Building 62, M Block, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Lyndall Strazdins

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  1. Jianghong Li
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Li, J., Johnson, S.E., Han, WJ. et al. Parents’ Nonstandard Work Schedules and Child Well-Being: A Critical Review of the Literature. J Primary Prevent 35, 53–73 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-013-0318-z

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