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Mindful and Resilient? Incremental Validity of Sense of Coherence Over Mindfulness and Big Five Personality Factors for Quality of Life Outcomes

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Abstract

Though conceptually distinct, mindfulness and sense of coherence (SOC) are empirically related aspects that promote health and wellbeing. The present research explored uniqueness by investigating criterion validity and incremental validity beyond the Big Five personality traits when predicting psychological distress, life satisfaction, and burnout. N = 1033 participated in a cross-sectional study. We used multiple regression analysis to examine the incremental validity of mindfulness (CHIME) and SOC (SOC-13) for psychological distress (SCL-K-9), life satisfaction (SWLS), and burnout (MBI-GS scales: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, personal accomplishment). Mindfulness and SOC had incremental validity over the Big Five traits. Despite a strong overlap (45% shared variance) between mindfulness and SOC, SOC was always the stronger predictor: psychological distress (β = −.52), life satisfaction (β = .57), emotional exhaustion (β = −.23), cynicism (β = −.40), and personal accomplishment (β = −.30). For psychological distress, life satisfaction, and cynicism, SOC statistically explained almost all the criterion validity of mindfulness. The clinical utility of mindfulness for predicting psychological health appears to be of minor importance relative to SOC, regardless whether meditators or non-meditators, who differed in mindfulness, were analyzed. Western approaches to assessing mindfulness may lack crucial social and existential dimensions.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks go to Kirstin Giese and Sarah Barthelmann for help with the data collection and to Dirk Hagemann for valuable discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Hauptstraße 47-51, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany

    Dennis Grevenstein & Matthias Bluemke

  2. Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Corina Aguilar-Raab

  3. GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany

    Matthias Bluemke

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  1. Dennis Grevenstein
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Correspondence to Dennis Grevenstein.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the university hospital Heidelberg (S-114/2015).

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Grevenstein, D., Aguilar-Raab, C. & Bluemke, M. Mindful and Resilient? Incremental Validity of Sense of Coherence Over Mindfulness and Big Five Personality Factors for Quality of Life Outcomes. J Happiness Stud 19, 1883–1902 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9901-y

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