Abstract.
Cross-society comparisons have become increasingly important to the study of the perceived quality of life. A major critique of these studies, however, is the lack of attention to intra-culture variation. This paper examines how subjective quality of life differs, at both societal and individual levels, between Taiwan and Hong Kong, two Chinese societies that share their cultural heritage but vary in their social and political systems. We draw upon data from synchronic surveys conducted in November 2000 in Taiwan (n=1222) and Hong Kong (n=1044). Ordinal regression analyses confirm that, for both societies, reported satisfaction at the societal level contributes to the variance in individuals’ quality of life. Moreover, the perceived fairness with regard to personal effort within the opportunity structure provided by the society also significantly affects an individual’s quality of life. Different factors accounting for quality of life variation in Taiwan and in Hong Kong are discussed. This paper suggests that for the intra-cultural, cross-society comparisons on quality of life, inclusion of various societal level indicators is not only important, but the subjective perception of the fairness that society also contributes a significant effect.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F.M. Andrew S.B. Withey (1976) Social Indicators of Well-being: Americans’ Perceptions of Life Quality Plenum Press New York
A.M. Basu (1992) ArticleTitleThe Status of Women and the Quality of Life Among the Poor Cambridge Journal of Economics 16 249–267
S.L. Blair (1998) ArticleTitleWork roles, domestic roles, and marital quality: Perceptions of fairness among dual-earner couples Social Justice Research 11 313–335
Y.W. Bradshaw E. Fraser (1989) ArticleTitleCity Size, Economic Development, and Quality of Life in China: New Empirical Evidence American Sociological Review 54 986–1003
A. Campbell P.E. Converse W.L. Rodgers (1976) The perceived quality of life and its implications A. Campbell P.E. Converse W.L. Rodgers (Eds) The Quality of American Life. Russell Sage Foundation New York , PP–471508
K. Chamberlain (1985) ArticleTitleValue dimensions, cultural differences, and the prediction of perceived quality of life Social Indicators Research 17 345–401
Chien W. and Yi C., 2003, ‘The Value Consensus and Marital Satisfaction Among Couples: An example of Taiwan, Shanghai and Hong Kong Couples’, paper presented at the Conference on Dyadic Interaction among Married Couples, ISSP, Academia Sinica, July 3rd–4th, Taipei, Taiwan.
Y. Chu Y. Chang (1998) The cultural origins of democracy and authoritarian in Chinese societies S. Lau P. Wan M. Lee S. Wong (Eds) Changing Chinese Societies: Social Indicators Analysis. Hong Kong Institute of Asia–Pacific Studies Hong Kong 257–285
E.H. Cohen (2000) ArticleTitleA Facet Theory Approach to Examining Overall and Life Facet Satisfaction Relationships Social Indicators Research 51 223–237
A.F. Corning (2000) ArticleTitleAssessing Perceived Social Inequity: A Relative Deprivation Framework Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 463–477 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3gsFOnsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10743874
R.A. Cummins (2000) ArticleTitleObjective and Subjective Quality of Life: An Interactive Model Social Indicators Research 52 55–72
J.A. Davis (1959) ArticleTitleA Formal Interpretation of the Theory of Relative Deprivation Sociometry 22 280–296
E. Diener (1994) ArticleTitleAssessing Subjective Well-Being: Progress and Opportunities Social Indicators Research 31 103–157 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01207052
E. Diener R.E. Lucas (2000) ArticleTitleExplaining Differences in Societal Levels of Happiness: Relative Standards, Need Fulfillment, Culture, and Evaluation Theory Journal of Happiness Studies 1 41–78
E. Diener E. Suh (1997) ArticleTitleMeasuring Quality of Life: Economic, Social, and Subjective Indicators Social Indicators Research 40 189–216
E. Diener S. Oishi R. Lucas (2003) ArticleTitlePersonality, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being: Emotional and Cognitive Evaluations of Life Annual Review of Psychology 54 403–425 Occurrence Handle12172000
M. Eid E. Diener (2001) Norms for Experiencing Emotions in Different Cultures: Inter- and Intranational Differences?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 869–885 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mnmt12isg%3D%3D
A.W. Falkenberg (1998) ArticleTitleQuality of Life: Efficiency, Equity and Freedom in the United States and Scandinavia Journal of Socio-Economics 27 1–27
E.M. Gerson (1976) ArticleTitleOn “quality of life” American Sociological Review 41 793–806
T.N. Greenstein (1996) ArticleTitleGender Ideology and Perceptions of the Fairness of the Division of Household Labor: Effects on Marital Quality Social Forces 74 1029–1042
M.R. Hagerty (2000) ArticleTitleSocial Comparisons of Income in One’s Community: Evidence from National Surveys of Incomes and Happiness Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 764–771 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3lt1emsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10794379
M.R. Hagerty R.A. Cummins A.L. Ferriss K. Land A.C. Michalos M. Peterson A. Sharpe J. Sirgy J. Vogel (2001) ArticleTitleQuality of Life Indexes for National Policy: Review and Agenda for Research Social Indicators Research 55 1–96 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1010811312332
J.A. Hegtvedt C. Killian (1999) ArticleTitleFairness and Emotions: Reactions to the Process and Outcomes of Negotiations Social Forces 78 269–303
D.Y. Ho C. Chiu (1994) Component ideas of individualism, collectivism, and social organization: An application in the study of Chinese culture U. Kim H.C. Triandis Ç. Kâgitçibasi S. Choi G. Yoon (Eds) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications. Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, CA 137–156
M. Hsiao P. Wan (2001) Chinese environmental ideology: A comparison of Taiwan and Hong Kong S. Lau P. Wan M. Lee S. Wong (Eds) Social Transformation and Cultural Chang: Comparisons of Chinese Societies. Hong Kong Institute of Asia–Pacific Studies Hong Kong 335–372
J.B. Hughey J.W. Bardo (1987) ArticleTitleSocial Psychological Dimensions of Community Satisfaction and Quality of Life: Some Obtained Relations Psychological Reports 61 239–246
G. Jahoda (1984) ArticleTitleDo We Need a Concept of Culture? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 15 139–151
G.J. Johnson W.R. Johnson (2000) ArticleTitlePerceived Overqualification and Dimensions of Job Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Analysis Journal of Psychology 134 537–555 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvosFCktg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11034134
C.H.C. Kao B.C. Liu (1984) ArticleTitleSocioeconomic Advance in the Republic of China (Taiwan): An Intertemporal Analysis of its Quality of Life Indicators American Journal of Economics and Sociology 43 399–412
M. Kousha N. Mohseni (2000) ArticleTitleAre Iranians Happy? A Comparative Study Between Iran and the United States Social Indicators Research 52 259–289
K.C. Land (1983) ArticleTitleSocial Indicators Annual Review of Sociology 9 1–26
R. Layard (1980) ArticleTitleHuman Satisfactions and Public Policy The Economic Journal 90 737–750
S. Lewis L. Lyon (1986) ArticleTitleThe Quality of Community and the Quality of Life Sociological Spectrum 6 397–410
P.S. Liao (2001) Contextual Analysis on Rural Migration Intention: A Comparison of Pennsylvania and Taiwanese Data. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 5 435–460
L. Lu (2001) ArticleTitleUnderstanding Happiness: A Look into the Chinese Folk Psychology Journal of Happiness Studies 2 407–432 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVGmtb8%3D
L. Lu J.B. Shih (1997) ArticleTitleSources of Happiness: A Qualitative Approach Journal of Social Psychology 137 181–187
A. Mastekaasa T. Moum (1984) ArticleTitleThe Perceived Quality of Life in Norway: Regional Variations and Contextual Effects Social Indicators Research 14 385–419
A.C. Michalos B.D. Zumbo (2000) ArticleTitleCriminal Victimization and the Quality of Life Social Indicators Research 50 245–295
A.C. Michalos B.D. Zumbo A. Hubley (2000) ArticleTitleHealth and the Quality of Life Social Indicators Research 51 245–286 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1007010401301
S. Oishi E.F. Diener R.E. Lucas E.M. Suh (1999) ArticleTitleCross-Cultural Variations in Predictors of Life Satisfaction: Perspectives From Needs and Values Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 25 980–990
J.R. Oppong R.G. Ironside L.W. Kennedy (1988) ArticleTitlePerceived Quality of Life in a Centre-Periphery Framework Social Indicators Research 20 605–620
D. Popenoe (1983) ArticleTitleUrban Scale and the Quality of Community Life: A Swedish Community Comparison Sociological Inquiry 53 404–418
C. Rampichini S.S. D’Andrea (1997) ArticleTitleA Hierarchical Ordinal Probit Model for the Analysis of Life Satisfaction in Italy Social Indicators Research 44 41–69
A. Riggs B.S. Turner (2000) ArticleTitlePie-Eyed Optimists: Baby-Boomers the Optimistic Generation? Social Indicators Research 52 73–93
R.J. Rogerson (1999) ArticleTitleQuality of Life and City Competitiveness Urban Studies 36 969–985
R.P. Rohnes (1984) ArticleTitleToward a Conception of Culture for Cross-Cultural Psychology Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 15 111–138
J.W. Salaff (1985) Women, the family, and the state: Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore – Newly industrializing countries of Asia Iglitzin Ross (Eds) Women in The World. A.B.C. Clio Press Santa Barbara
K.F. Schuessler G.A. Fisher (1985) ArticleTitleQuality of Life Research and Sociology Annual Review of Sociology 11 129–149
P. Schyns (1998) ArticleTitleCrossnational Differences in Happiness: Economic and Cultural Factors Explored Social Indicators Research 43 3–26
B.A. Shelton (1996) ArticleTitleThe Division of Household Labor Annual Review of Sociology 22 299–322
D.C. Shin W. Snyder (1983) ArticleTitleEconomic Growth, Quality of Life, and Development Policy: A Case Study of South Korea Comparative Political Studies 16 195–213
D.C. Shin (1986) ArticleTitleEducation and the Quality of Life in Korea and the United States: A Cross-Cultural Perspective Public Opinion Quarterly 50 360–370
P.A. Thoits L.N. Hewitt (2001) ArticleTitleVolunteer Work and Well-Being Journal of Health and Behavior 42 115–131 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvhvVaksA%3D%3D
M.W. Tsou J.T. Liu (2001) ArticleTitleHappiness and Domain Satisfaction in Taiwan Journal of Happiness Studies 2 269–288
A.N.E. Türksever G. Atalik (2001) ArticleTitlePossibilities and Limitations for the Measurement of the Quality of Life in Urban Areas Social Indicators Research 53 163–187
R. Veenhoven (1995) ArticleTitleThe Cross-National Pattern of Happiness: Test of Predictions Implied in Three Theories of Happiness Social Indicators Research 34 33–68 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01078967
R. Veenhoven (1996) ArticleTitleDevelopments in Satisfaction Research Social Indicators Research 37 1–45
P. Wan (1997) Subjective Well-Being: Now and then S. Lau P. Wan M. Lee S. Wong (Eds) Indicators of Social Development: Hong Kong 1995 Hong Kong Institute of Asia–Pacific Studies Hong Kong 49–81
C. Wang C. Chou M. Hsiao (2001) The Concept of Human Basic Needs in Hong Kong and Taiwan – two Chinese Societies S. Lau P. Wan M. Lee S. Wong (Eds) Social Transformation and Cultural Chang: Comparisons of Chinese Societies. Hong Kong Institute of Asia–Pacific Studies Hong Kong 185–204
E.A. Wilkening (1982) Subjective Indicators and the Quality of Life R.M. Hauser D. Mechanic A.O. Haller T.S. Hauser (Eds) Social Structure and Behavior. Academic Press New York 429–441
K. Yang (1986) Chinese Personality and its Change M.H. Bond (Eds) The Psychology of the Chinese People Oxford University Press Oxford 106–170
K. Yeh (2003) The Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Filial Piety: An Integrative Analysis K. Yang K. Hwang P.B. Pederson I. Daibo (Eds) Progress in Asian Social Psychology: Conceptual and Empirical Contributions Praeger Westport, CT 67–82
J. Yoon (1996) ArticleTitleFairness Issues and Job Satisfaction Among Korean Employees: The Significance of Status Value and Procedural Justice in Work Orientation Social Justice Research 9 121–143
C.W. Younts C.W. Mueller (2001) ArticleTitleJustice Processes: Specifying the Mediating Role of Perceptions of Distributive Justice American Sociological Review 66 125–145
O. Zinam (1989) ArticleTitleQuality of Life, Quality of the Individual, Technology and Economic Development American Journal of Economics and Sociology 48 55–68
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liao, PS., Fu, YC. & Yi, CC. Perceived quality of life in Taiwan and Hong Kong: an intra-culture comparison. J Happiness Stud 6, 43–67 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-1753-6
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-1753-6