Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Use of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco Products

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Community Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to increased use of tobacco products later in life. However, studies to date have ignored smokeless tobacco products. To address this, data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which interviewed adults 18 years and over (N = 102,716) were analyzed. Logistic regression models were fit to estimate odds ratios of ever smoking, current smoking and current smokeless tobacco use in relation to ACEs. Results showed that less than 4 % of respondents currently used smokeless tobacco products, while 44.95 and 18.57 % reported ever and current smoking, respectively. Physical abuse (OR 1.40; 95 % CI 1.14, 1.72), emotional abuse (OR 1.41; 95 % CI 1.19, 1.67), sexual abuse (OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.51, 0.95), living with a drug user (OR 1.50; 95 % CI 1.17, 1.93), living with someone who was jailed (OR 1.50; 95 % CI 1.11, 2.02) and having parents who were separated or divorced (OR 1.31; 95 % CI 1.09, 1.57) were associated with smokeless tobacco use in unadjusted models. After accounting for confounders, physical abuse (OR 1.43; 95 % CI 1.16, 1.78), emotional abuse (OR 1.32; 95 % CI 1.10, 1.57), living with a problem drinker (OR 1.30; 95 % CI 1.08, 1.58), living with a drug user (OR 1.31; 95 % CI 1.00, 1.72) and living with adults who treated each other violently (OR 1.30; 95 % CI 1.05, 1.62) were associated with smokeless tobacco use. Living with someone who was mentally ill (OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.53, 0.92) was associated with smokeless tobacco use after accounting for confounders and all ACEs. Results indicated that some childhood adversities are associated with use of smokeless tobacco products. Special attention is needed to prevent tobacco use of different types among those experiencing ACEs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta 2014.

  2. Blackwell, D. L., Lucas, J. W., Clarke, T. C. (2014) Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2012: National Center for Health Statistics.

  3. Nguyen, K., LaTisha, M., Hu, S., & Neff, L. (2015). State-specific prevalence of current cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use among adults aged ≥18 years—United States, 2011–2013. MMWR, 64(19), 532–536.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Delnevo, C. D., Wackowski, O. A., Giovenco, D. P., Manderski, M. T. B., Hrywna, M., & Ling, P. M. (2014). Examining market trends in the United States smokeless tobacco use: 2005–2011. Tobacco Control, 23(2), 107–112. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050739.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bhattacharyya, N. (2012). Trends in the use of smokeless tobacco in united states, 2000–2010. Laryngoscope, 122(10), 2175–2178. doi:10.1002/lary.23448.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Critchley, J. A., & Unal, B. (2003). Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: A systematic review. Thorax, 58(5), 435–443. doi:10.1136/thorax.58.5.435.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Moran, P. B., Vuchinich, S., & Hall, N. K. (2004). Associations between types of maltreatment and substance use during adolescence. Child Abuse Neglect, 28(5), 565–574. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.12.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Annerbäck, E. M., Sahlqvist, L., Svedin, C. G., Wingren, G., & Gustafsson, P. A. (2012). Child physical abuse and concurrence of other types of child abuse in Sweden—Associations with health and risk behaviors. Child Abuse Neglect, 36(7–8), 585–595. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.05.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ford, E. S., Anda, R. F., Edwards, V. J., et al. (2011). Adverse childhood experiences and smoking status in five states. Preventive Medicine, 53(3), 188–193. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.06.015.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Vander Weg, M. W. (2011). Adverse childhood experiences and cigarette smoking: The 2009 Arkansas and Louisiana behavioral risk factor surveillance systems. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 13(7), 616–622. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr023.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Anda, R. F., Croft, J. B., Felitti, V. J., et al. (1999). Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood. JAMA, 282(17), 1652–1658. doi:10.1001/jama.282.17.1652.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Strine, T. W., Edwards, V. J., Dube, S. R., et al. (2012). The mediating sex-specific effect of psychological distress on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and current smoking among adults. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 7, 30. doi:10.1186/1747-597x-7-30.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Nichols, H. B., & Harlow, B. L. (2004). Childhood abuse and risk of smoking onset. Journal of Epidemiology and Community, 58(5), 402–406. doi:10.1136/jech.2003.008870.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yeoman, K, Safranek, T., Cadwell, B. L., & Mannino, D. (2013). Adverse childhood experiences and adult smoking, Nebraska, 2011. Preventing Chronic Disease, 10 , E159. doi:10.5888/pcd10.130009.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Chapman, D. P., Liu, Y., Presley-Cantrell, L. R., et al. (2013). Adverse childhood experiences and frequent insufficient sleep in 5 U.S. States, 2009: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health, 13, 3. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Edwards, V. J., Anda, R. F., Gu, D., Dube, S. R., & Felitti, V. J. (2007). Adverse childhood experiences and smoking persistence in adults with smoking-related symptoms and illness. The Permanente Journal., 11(2), 5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Alcalá, H. E., Sharif, M. Z., & Albert, S. L. (2016). Social cohesion and the smoking behaviors of adults living with children. Addictive Behaviors, 53, 201–205. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.10.022.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Caballero, M. Á., Ramos, L., González, C., & Saltijeral, M. T. (2010). Family violence and risk of substance use among Mexican adolescents. Child Abuse Neglect, 34(8), 576–584. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.02.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. (2015). A revised inventory of adverse childhood experiences. Child Abuse Neglect., 48, 13–21. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overview: BRFSS 2011. CDC. 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/2011/overview_11.pdf.

  22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preparing 2011 BRFSS Module Data for Analysis. CDC. 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/2011/BRFSS2011_Analysis.pdf.

  23. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. 2011 Summary Data Quality Report 2013.

  24. Brown, M. J., Thacker, L. R., & Cohen, S. A. (2013). Association between adverse childhood experiences and diagnosis of cancer. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e65524. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065524.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Grunberg, N. E., Winders, S. E., & Wewers, M. E. (1991). Gender differences in tobacco use. Health Psychology, 10(2), 143. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.10.2.143.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Barbeau, E. M., Krieger, N., & Soobader, M.-J. (2004). Working class matters: Socioeconomic disadvantage, race/ethnicity, gender, and smoking in NHIS 2000. American J Public Health., 94(2), 269–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Laaksonen, M., Rahkonen, O., Karvonen, S., & Lahelma, E. (2005). Socioeconomic status and smoking. European Journal of Public Health., 15(3), 262–269. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Falk, D. E., Yi, H., & Hiller-Sturmhofel, S. (2006). An epidemiologic analysis of co-occurring alcohol and tobacco use and disorders. Alcohol Research of Health, 29(3), 162–171.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lasser, K., Boyd, J., Woolhandler, S., Himmelstein, D. U., McCormick, D., & Bor, D. H. (2000). Smoking and mental illness: A population-based prevalence study. JAMA, 284(20), 2606–2610. doi:10.1001/jama.284.20.2606.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bricker, J. B., Peterson, A. V., Andersen, M. R., Leroux, B. G., Rajan, K. B., & Sarason, I. G. (2006). Close friends’, parents’, and older siblings’ smoking: Reevaluating their influence on children’s smoking. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 8(2), 217–226. doi:10.1080/14622200600576339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bricker, J. B., Peterson, A. V, Jr, Leroux, B. G., Andersen, M. R., Rajan, K. B., & Sarason, I. G. (2006). Prospective prediction of children’s smoking transitions: Role of parents’ and older siblings’ smoking. Addiction, 101(1), 128–136. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01297.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Anokhin, A. P., Grant, J. D., Mulligan, R. C., & Heath, A. C. (2015). The genetics of impulsivity: Evidence for the heritability of delay discounting. Biological Psychiatry, 77(10), 887–894. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.022.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Tsuang, M. T., Bar, J. L., Harley, R. M., & Lyons, M. J. (2001). The Harvard twin study of substance abuse: What we have learned. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 9(6), 267–279.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Uher, R. (2009). The role of genetic variation in the causation of mental illness: An evolution-informed framework. Molecular Psychiatry, 14(12), 1072–1082. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 330. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kelly-Irving, M., Mabile, L., Grosclaude, P., Lang, T., & Delpierre, C. (2013). The embodiment of adverse childhood experiences and cancer development: Potential biological mechanisms and pathways across the life course. International Journal of Public Health, 58(1), 3–11. doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0370-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Polusny, M. A., & Follette, V. M. (1995). Long-term correlates of child sexual abuse: Theory and review of the empirical literature. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4(3), 143–166. doi:10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80055-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Smith, P. H., Homish, G. G., Saddleson, M. L., Kozlowski, L. T., & Giovino, G. A. (2013). Nicotine withdrawal and dependence among smokers with a history of childhood abuse. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 15(12), 2016–2021. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt092.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Digard, H., Proctor, C., Kulasekaran, A., Malmqvist, U., & Richter, A. (2013). Determination of nicotine absorption from multiple tobacco products and nicotine gum. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 15(1), 255–261. doi:10.1093/ntr/nts123.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Schneider, K. L., Clark, M. A., Rakowski, W., & Lapane, K. L. (2012). Evaluating the impact of non-response bias in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 66(4), 290–295. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.103861.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Linda Bourque and Dr. Kagawa-Singer for their input on manuscript ideas.

Funding

This research was supported by grants from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) (T32-GM084903) and by the California Center for Population Research at UCLA (CCPR), which receives core support (R24-HD041022) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Fontaine Research Park, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive Room 2104, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA

    Héctor E. Alcalá

  2. Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles , 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Ondine S. von Ehrenstein

  3. UCLA Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    A. Janet Tomiyama

Authors
  1. Héctor E. Alcalá
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ondine S. von Ehrenstein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Janet Tomiyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Héctor E. Alcalá.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alcalá, H.E., von Ehrenstein, O.S. & Tomiyama, A.J. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Use of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco Products. J Community Health 41, 969–976 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-016-0179-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-016-0179-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation