Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-12-2006

Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Mechanisms Mediating the Relationship between Anger Expression and Cardiovascular Risk: Assessment Considerations and Improvements

Auteurs: Mustafa al’Absi, Stephan Bongard

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 6/2006

Abstract

The hypothesis that intense anger experience may increase risk for or exacerbate cardiovascular diseases has been under active theoretical and empirical interest for decades. Biopsychological models of disease suggest that persons displaying exaggerated physiological responses to acute emotional or stressful states are at a greater risk to develop cardiovascular disorders. The last two decades have witnessed active work to refine means by which anger expression can be assessed, and laboratory research has produced evidence suggesting that certain expression styles may predict enhanced physiological responses to acute stress. In this paper, we review methodological and definition issues related to the assessment of anger, and we summarize recent improvements on the assessment of anger expression. We also review recent studies addressing the association between anger and cardiovascular diseases, and we present potential neuroendocrine and behavioral mechanisms through which anger expression may increase risk for cardiovascular disease.

vorige artikel Physical Health, Self-Reliance, and Emotional Control as Moderators of the Relationship between Locus of Control and Mental Health among Men Treated for Prostate Cancer

volgende artikel Anger Expression and Pain: An Overview of Findings and Possible Mechanisms

Abel J. L., Larkin, K. T., and Edens, J. L. (1995). Women, anger, and cardiovascular responses to stress. J. Psychosom. Res. 39: 251–259.PubMed

al’Absi, M., and Arnett, D. K. (2000). Adrenocortical responses to psychological stress and risk for hypertension. Biomed. Pharmacother. 54: 234–244.PubMed

al’Absi, M., Bongard, S., Buchanan, T., Pincomb, G. A., Licinio, J., and Lovallo, W. R. (1997). Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine adjustment to public speaking and mental arithmetic stressors. Psychophysiology 34: 266–275.PubMed

al’Absi, M., Bongard, S., and Lovallo, W. R. (2000). Adrenocorticotropin responses to interpersonal stress: effects of overt anger expression style and defensiveness. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 37: 257–265.PubMed

al’Absi, M., France, C., Harju, A., France, J., and Wittmers, L. (2006). Adrenocortical and nociceptive responses to oploid blockade in hypertension prone men and women. Psychosom Med 68: 292–298.PubMed

al’Absi, M., Wittmers, L. E., Ellestad, D., Nordehn, G., Kim, S. W., Kirschbaum, C., and Grant, J. E. (2004). Sex differences in pain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical responses to opioid blockade. Psychosom. Med. 66: 198–206.PubMed

Alexander, F. (1939). Emotional factor in essential hypertention. Psycosom. Med. 1: 173–179.

Aston-Jones, G., Ennis, M., Pieribone, V. A., Nickell, W. T., and Shipley, M. T. (1986). The brain nucleus locus coeruleus: Restricted afferent control of a broad efferent network. Science 234: 734–737.PubMed

Baker, T. B., Brandon, T. H., and Chassin, L. (2004). Motivational influences on cigarette smoking. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 55: 463–491.PubMed

Barefoot, J. C., and Lipkus, I. M. (1994). The assessment of anger and hostility. In Siegman, A. W., and Smith, T. W. (Eds.), Anger, Hostility, and the Heart. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass., Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 43–66.

Biaggio, M. K. (1980). Assessment of anger arousal. J. Pers. Assess. 44: 289–298.PubMed

Biaggio, M. K., Supplee, K., and Curtis, N. (1981). Reliability and validity of four anger scales. J. Pers. Assess. 45: 639–648.PubMed

Boltwood, M. D., Taylor, C. B., Burke, M. B., Grogin, H., and Giacomini, J. (1993). Anger report predicts coronary artery vasomotor response to mental stress in atherosclerotic segments. Am. J. Cardiol. 72: 1361–1365.PubMed

Bongard, S. (2000). Anger expression behavior in different domains and associated cardiovascular loads. Unpublished habilitation-thesis, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Bongard, S., and al’Absi, M. (1999). Open anger expression at work is associated with elevated blood pressure. J. Psychophysiol. 13: 132.

Bongard, S., and al’Absi, M. (2003). Domain-specific anger expression assessment and blood pressure during rest and acute stress. Pers. Individ. Diff. 34: 1381–1402.

Bongard, S., and al’Absi, M. (2005). Domain specific anger expression and blood pressure in an occupational setting. J. Psychosom. Res. 58: 43–49.PubMed

Bongard, S., Martin, N. M., and al’Absi, M. (2006). Validation of a Domain Specific Anger Expression Assessment. In preparation.

Böddeker, I., and Stemmler, G. (2000). Who responds how and when to anger? The assessment of actual anger response styles and their relation to personality. Cognition & Emotion 14: 737–762.

Brady, K. T., and Sonne, S. C. (1999). The role of stress in alcohol use, alcoholism treatment, and relapse. Alcohol. Res. Health 23: 263–271.PubMed

Brindley, D., and Rolland, Y. (1989). Possible connections between stress, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and adrenal lipoprotein metabolism that may result in artherosclerosis. Clin. Sci. 49: 282–291.

Bruehl, S., Burns, J. W., Chung, O. Y., Ward, P., and Johnson, B. (2002). Anger and pain sensitivity in chronic low back pain patients and pain-free controls: the role of endogenous opioids. Pain 99: 223–233.PubMed

Burnett, F. E., Scott, L. V., Weaver, M. G., Medbak, S. H., and Dinan, T. G. (1999). The effect of naloxone on adrenocorticotropin and cortisol release: evidence for a reduced response in depression. J. Affect Disord. 53: 263–268.PubMed

Buss, A. (1961). The Psychology of Aggression. John Wiley, New York.

Buss, A., and Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. J. Consult. Psychol. 21: 343–349.PubMed

Chang, P. P., Ford, D. E., Meoni, L. A., Wang, N. Y., and Klag, M. J. (2002). Anger in young men and subsequent premature cardiovascular disease: The precursors study. Arch. Intern. Med. 162: 901–906.PubMed

Cherek, D. R., Bennett, R. H., and Grabowski, J. (1991). Human aggressive responding during acute tobacco abstinence: Effects of nicotine and placebo gum. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 104: 317–322.

Chrousos, G. P., and Gold, P. W. (1992). The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA 267: 1244–1252.PubMed

Costa, P. T., and McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-RT) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.

Cook, W. W., Medley, D. M., and Diamond, E. L. (1954). Proposed hostility and pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI: the role of anger and hostility in essential hypertension and coronary heart disease. J. Appl. Psychol. 38: 414–418.

Crowne, D., and Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. J. Consult Psychol. 24: 329–354.

Cunningham, E. T. J., Bohn, M. C., and Sawchenko, P. E. (1990). Organization of adrenergic inputs to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 292: 651–667.PubMed

Dallman, M. (1993). Stress update: adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to chronic stress. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 4: 62–69.PubMed

Delitala, G., Trainer, P. J., Oliva, O., Fanciulli, G., and Grossman, A. B. (1994). Opioid peptide and alpha-adrenoceptor pathways in the regulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis in man. J. Endocrinol. 141: 163–168.PubMed

Dembroski, T. M., MacDougall, J. M., Williams, R. B., Haney, T. L., and Blumenthal, J. A. (1985). Components of Type A, hostility, and anger-in: Relationship to angiographic findings. Psychosom. Med. 47: 219–233.PubMed

Diamond, E. (1982). The role of anger and hostility in essential hypertension and coronary heart disease. Psychol. Bull. 92: 410–433.PubMed

Dimsdale, J. E., Pierce, C., Schoenfeld, D., Brown, A., Zusman, R., and Graham, R. (1986). Suppressed anger and blood pressure: The effects of race, sex, social class, obesity, and age. Psychosom. Med. 48: 430–435.PubMed

Dinan, T. G. (1996). Serotonin and the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Life Sci. 58: 1683–1694.PubMed

Diorio, D., Viau, V., and Meaney, M. (1993). The role of the medial prefrontal cortex (cingulate gyrus) in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress. J. Neurosci. 13: 3839–3847.PubMed

Drouin, J., Sun, Y. L., Chamberland, M., Gauthier, Y., De Lean, A., Nemer, M., and Schmidt, T. J. (1993). Novel glucocorticoid receptor complex with DNA element of the hormone- repressed POMC gene. EMBO J. 12: 145–156.PubMed

Ekman, P. (1984). Expression and the nature of emotion. In Scherer, K. R., and Ekman, P. (Eds.), Approaches to Emotion. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 319–344.

Engebretson, T. O., Matthews, K. A., and Scheier, M. F. (1989). Relations between anger expression and cardiovascular reactivity: Reconciling inconsistent findings through a matching hypothesis. J. Consult Clin. Psychol. 57: 513–521.

Engebretson, T. O., and Stoney, C. M. (1995). Anger expression and lipid concentrations. Int. J. Behav. Med. 2: 281–298.PubMed

Everson, S. A., Goldberg, D. E., Kaplan, G. A., Julkunen, J., and Salonen, J. T. (1998). Anger expression and incident hypertension. Psychosom. Med. 60: 730–735.PubMed

Everson, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Lakka, T. A., Sivenius, J., and Salonen, J. T. (1999). Anger expression and incident stroke: Prospective evidence from the Kuopio ischemic heart disease study. Stroke 30: 523–528.PubMed

Everson, S. A., McKey, B. S., and Lovallo, W. R. (1995). Effect of trait hostility on cardiovascular responses to harassment in young men. Int. J. Behav. Med. 2: 172–191.PubMed

Fields, H. L. (2000). Pain modulation: Expectation, opioid analgesia and virtual pain. Prog. Brain Res. 122: 245–253.PubMed

Fink, G., Robinson, I. C., and Tannahill, L. A. (1988). Effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoids on the peptides CRF-41, AVP and oxytocin in rat hypophysial portal blood. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 401: 329–345.

Fontana, F., Bernardi, P., Merlo, P. E., Boschi, S., De Iasio, R., Capelli, M., Carboni, L., and Spampinato, S. (1994). Endogenous opioid system and atrial natriuretic factor in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents at rest and during exercise test. J. Hypertens 12: 1285–1290.PubMed

Funkenstein, D. H., King, S. H., and Drolette, M. (1954). The direction of anger during a laboratory stress-inducing situation. Psychosom. Med. 16: 404–413.PubMed

Gabbay, F. H., Krantz, D. S., Kop, W. J., Hedges, S. M., Klein, J., Gottdiener, J. S., and Rozanski, A. (1996). Triggers of myocardial ischemia during daily life in patients with coronary artery disease: physical and mental activities, anger and smoking. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 27: 585–592.PubMed

Gallacher, J. E., Yarnell, J. W., Sweetnam, P. M., Elwood, P. C., and Stansfeld, S. A. (1999). Anger and incident heart disease in the Caerphilly study. Psychosom. Med. 61: 446–453.PubMed

Gallo, L. C., and Smith, T. W. (1998). Construct validation of health-relevant personality traits: Interpersonal circumplex and five-factor model analyses of the Aggression Questionnaire. Int. J. Behav. Med. 5: 129–147.PubMed

Gentry, W. D., Chesney, A. P., Gary, H. E., Jr., Hall, R. P., and Harburg, E. (1982). Habitual anger-coping styles: I. Effect on mean blood pressure and risk for essential hypertension. Psychosom. Med. 44: 195–202.PubMed

Gilbert, D. G., and Gilbert, B. O. (1995). Personality, psychopathology, and nicotine response as mediators of the genetics of smoking. Behav. Genet. 25: 133–147.PubMed

Gregg, T. R., and Siegel, A. (2001). Brain structures and neurotransmitters regulating aggression in cats: implications for human aggression. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 25: 91–140.PubMed

Hadcock, J. R., and Malbon, C. C. (1988). Regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by “permissive” hormones: Glucocorticoids increase steady-state levels of receptor mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 8415–8419.PubMed

Harburg, E., Erfurt, J. C., Hauenstein, L. S., Chape, C., Schull, W. J., and Schork, M. A. (1973). Socio-ecological stress, suppressed hostility, skin color, and black-white male blood pressure: Detroit. Psychosom. Med. 35: 276–296.PubMed

Harburg, E., Gleiberman, L., Russell, M., and Cooper, M. L. (1991). Anger-coping styles and blood pressure in black and white males: Buffalo, New York. Psychosom. Med. 53: 153–164.PubMed

Haynes, S. G., Feinleib, M., and Kannel, W.B (1980). The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study III. Eight-year incidence of coronary heart disease. Am. J. Epidemiol. 111: 37–58.PubMed

Haynes, S. G., Levine, S., Scotch, N., Feinleib, M., and Kannel, W. B. (1978). The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study I: methods and risk factors. Am. J. Epidemiol. 107: 362–383.PubMed

Hogan. B. E., and Linden, W. (2005). Curvelinear relationship of expressed anger and blood pressure in women but not in men: evidence from two samples. J. Psychosom. Res. 59: 97–102.PubMed

Houston, B. K. (1994). Anger, hostlity, and psychophysiological reactivity. In Siegman, A. W., and Smith, T. W. (Eds.), Anger, Hostility, and the Heart. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp. 97–115.

Iyengar, S., Kim, H. S., and Wood, P. L. (1987). Mu-, delta-, kappa- and epsilon-opioid receptor modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis: subchronic tolerance studies of endogenous opioid peptides. Brain Res. 435: 220–226.PubMed

Jamner, L. D., Shapiro, D., Goldstein, I. B., and Hug, R. (1991). Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in paramedics: effects of cynical hostility and defensiveness. Psychosom. Med. 53: 393–406.PubMed

Jamner, L. D., Shapiro, D., and Jarvik, M. E. (1999). Nicotine reduces the frequency of anger reports in smokers and nonsmokers with high but not low hostility: An ambulatory study. Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 7: 454–463.PubMed

Johnson, E. H. (1990). The Deadly Emotions: The Role of Anger, Hostility, and Aggression in Health and Emotional Well-Being. Praeger, New York.

Jorgensen, R. S., Johnson, B. T., Kolodziej, M. E., and Schreer, G. E. (1996). Elevated blood pressure and personality: a meta-analytic review. Psychol. Bull. 120: 293–320.PubMed

Kamarck, T. W., Peterman, A. H., and Raynor, D. A. (1998). The effects of the social environment on stress-related cardiovascular activation: current findings, prospects, and implications. Ann. Behav. Med. 20: 247–256.PubMedCrossRef

Kawachi, I., Sparrow, D., Spiro, A., III, Vokonas, P., and Weiss, S. T. (1996). A prospective study of anger and coronary heart disease. The Normative Aging Study. Circulation 94: 2090–2095.PubMed

King, A. C., Taylor, C. B., and Haskell, W. L. (1990). Smoking in older women. Is being female a ‘risk factor’ for continued cigarette use? Arch. Intern. Med. 150: 1841–1846.PubMed

King, L. A., and Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: psychological and physical correlates. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 58: 864–877.PubMed

Kirschbaum, C., and Hellhammer, D. (1992). Methodological aspects of salivary cortisol measurement. In Kirschbaum, C., Read, G. F., and Hellhammer, D. (Eds.), Assessment of Hormones and Drug in Saliva in Biobehavioral Research. Hogrefe & Huber, Seattle, pp. 19–32.

Knight, R. G., Ross, R. A., Collins, J. I., and Parmenter, S. A. (1985). Some norms, reliability and preliminary validity data for an S-R inventory of anger: The Subjective Anger Scale (SAS). Person Individ. Diff. 6: 31–339.

Koskenvuo, M., Kaprio, J., Rose, R. J., Kesaniemi, A., Sarna, S., Heikkila, K., and Langinvainio, H. (1988). Hostility as a risk factor for mortality and ischemic heart disease in men. Psychosom. Med. 50: 330–340.PubMed

Krantz, D. S., and Manuck, S. B. (1984). Acute psychological reactivity and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review and methodologic critique. Psychol. Bull. 96: 435–464.PubMed

Kubzansky, L. D., and Kawachi, I. (2000). Going to the heart of the matter: do negative emotions cause coronary heart disease? J. Psychosom. Res. 48: 323–337.PubMed

Larson, M. R., and Langer, A. W. (1997). Defensive hostility and anger expression: relationship to additional heart rate reactivity during active coping. Psychophysiology 34: 177–184.PubMed

Linden, W., Hogan, B. E., Rutledge, T., Chawla, A., Lenz, J. W., and Leung, D. (2003). There is more to anger coping than “in” or “out.” Emotion 3: 12–29.PubMed

Linden, W., and Lamensdorf, A. M. (1990). Hostile affect and casual blood pressure. Psychol. Health 4: 343–349.

Linden, W., Leung, D., Chawla, A., Stossel, C., Rutledge, T., and Tanco, S. A. (1997). Social determinants of experienced anger. J. Behav. Med. 20: 415–432.PubMed

Lipkus, I. M., Barefoot, J. C., Williams, R. B., and Siegler, I. C. (1994). Personality measures as predictors of smoking initiation and cessation in the UNC Alumni Heart Study. Health Psychol. 13: 149–155.PubMed

Lovallo, W. R. (2004). Stress & Health: Biological and Psychological Interactions. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Lovallo, W. R., and Wilson, M. F. (1992). A biobehavioral model of hypertension development. In Turner, J. R., Sherwood, A., and Light, K. C. (Eds.), Individual Differences in Cardiovascular Response to Stress. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 265–280.

Markovitz, J. H. (1998). Cardiovascular risk factors in rapidly developing countries. Ann. Epidemiol. 8: 1–2.PubMed

Martin del Campo, A. F., Dowson, J. H., Herbert, J., and Paykel, E. S. (1994). Effects of naloxone on diurnal rhythms in mood and endocrine function: A dose-response study in man. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 114: 583–590.

Matsumoto, D. (1990). Cultural similarities and differences in display rules. Motivation and Emotion 14: 195–214.

Matthews, K. A., Owens, J. F., Kuller, L. H., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., and Jansen-McWilliams, L. (1998). Are hostility and anxiety associated with carotid atherosclerosis in healthy postmenopausal women? Psychosom. Med. 60: 633–638.PubMed

McCubbin, J. A. (1993). Stress induced endogenous opioids: behavioral and circulatory interactions. Biol. Psychol. 35: 91–122.PubMed

McCubbin, J. A., Surwit, R. S., Williams, R. B., Nemeroff, C. B., and McNeilly, M. (1989). Altered pituitary hormone response to naloxone in hypertension development. Hypertension 14: 636–644.PubMed

McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N. Engl. J. Med. 338: 171–179.PubMed

McEwen, B. S., and Stellar, E. (1993). Stress and the individual: mechanisms leading to disease. Arch. Intern. Med. 153: 2093–2101.PubMed

Miller, S. B. (1993). Cardiovascular reactivity in anger-defensive individuals: the influence of task demands. Psychosom. Med. 55: 75–85.

Mills, P. J., Schneider, R. H., and Dimsdale, J. E. (1989). Anger assessment and reactivity to stress. J. Psychosom. Res. 33: 379–382.PubMed

Munck, A., Guyre, P. M., and Holbrook, N. J. (1984). Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions. Endocrinol. Rev. 5: 25–44.CrossRef

Novaco, R. W. (1975). Anger Control: The Development and Evaluation of An Experimental Treatment. Lexington Books, Lexington, Mass.

Novaco, R. W. (1977). Stress inoculation: a cognitive therapy for anger and its application to a case of depression. J. Consult Clin. Psychol. 45: 600–608.PubMed

Paulhus, D. L. (1984). Two-component models of social desirable responding. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 46: 598–609.

Pearlin, L. I., and Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. J. Health Soc. Beh. 19: 2–21.

Pennebaker, J. W. (1985). Traumatic experience and psychosomatic disease: exploring the roles of behavioral inhibition, obsession, and confiding. Can. Psychol. 26: 82–95.

Pennebaker, J. W., Highes, C. F., and O’heeron, R. C. (1987). The psychophysiology of confession: Linking inhibitory and psychosomatic processes. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 52: 781–793.PubMed

Petermann, F., and Petermann, U. (1996). Assessment form for Aggressive Behavior in Concrete Situations. Hogrefe, Göttingen.

Plutchik, R. (1994). The Psychology and Biology of Emotion. Harper, New York.

Porter, L. S., Stone, A. A., and Schwartz, J. E. (1999). Anger expression and ambulatory blood pressure: A comparison of state and trait measures. Psychosom. Med. 61: 454–463.PubMed

Redmond, D. E. J., and Huang, Y. H. (1979). Current concepts. II. New evidence for a locus coeruleus-norepinephrine connection with anxiety. Life Sci. 25: 2149–2162.PubMed

Rivier, C., and Vale, W. (1983). Modulation of stress-induced ACTH release by corticotropin-releasing factor, catecholamines and vasopressin. Nature 305: 325–327.PubMed

Rosenzweig, S. (1945). The picture-association method and its application in a study of reactions to frustration. J. Pers. 14: 3–23.

Rosenzweig, S., and Adelman, S. (1977). Construct validity of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. J. Pers. Assess. 41: 578–588.PubMed

Rosenzweig, S., Ludwig, D. J., and Adelman, S. (1975). Retest reliability of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study and similar semiprojective techniques. J. Pers. Assess. 39: 2–12.

Sacco, R. L. (1997). Risk factors, outcomes, and stroke subtypes for ischemic stroke. Neurology 49: S39–S44.PubMed

Saper, C. B., Swanson, L. W., and Cowan, W. M. (1979). An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the lateral hypothalamic area in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 183: 689–706.PubMed

Schluger, J. H., Ho, A., Borg, L., Porter, M., Maniar, S., Gunduz, M., Perret, G., King, A., and Kreek, M. J. (1998). Nalmefene causes greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation than naloxone in normal volunteers: implications for the treatment of alcoholism. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 22: 1430–1436.PubMed

Schneider, R. H., Egan, B. M., Johnson, E. H., Drobny H., and Julius, S. (1986). Anger and anxiety in borderline hypertension. Psychosom. Med. 48: 242–248.PubMed

Schum, J. L., Jorgensen, R. S., Verhaeghen, P., Sauro, M., and Thibodeau, R. (2003). Trait anger, anger expression, and ambulatory blood pressure: A meta-analytic review. J. Behav. Med. 26: 395–415.PubMed

Shapiro, D., Goldstein, I. B., and Jamner, L. D. (1995). Effects of anger/hostility, defensiveness, gender, and family history of hypertension on cardiovascular reactivity. Psychophysiology 32: 425–435.PubMed

Shapiro, D., Jamner, L. D., and Goldstein, I. B. (1993). Ambulatory stress psychophysiology: the study of “compensatory and defensive counterforces” and conflict in a natural setting. Psychosom. Med. 55: 309–323.PubMed

Siegel, J. M. (1986). The multidimensional anger inventory. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51: 191–200.PubMed

Siegman, A. W. (1992). Cardiovascular consequences of expressing, experiencing, and repressing anger. J. Behav. Med. 16: 539–569.

Siegman, A. W. (1994). Cardiovascular consequences of expressing and repressing anger. In Siegman, A. W., and Smith, T. W. (Eds.), Anger, Hostility, and the Heart. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass., Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 173–198.

Smith, T. W., Pope, M. K., Sanders, J. D., Allred, K. D., and Keeffe, J. L. (1988). Cynical hostility at home and work: Psychosocial vulnerability across domains. J. Res. Pers. 22: 525–548.

Spielberger, C. (1988). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.

Spielberger, C. D., Johnson, E. H., Russell, S. F., Crane, R. J., Jacobs, G. A., and de Worn, T. I. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In Chesney, M. A., and Rosenman, R. H. (Eds.), Anger and Hostility in Cardiovascular and Behavioral Disorders. Hemisphere/McGraw-Hill, New York.

Stemmler, G. (2004). Physiological processes during emotion. In Philippot, P., and Feldman, R. S. (Eds.), The Regulation of Emotion. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass., Mahwah, NJ, pp. 33–70.

Stemmler, G., Schäfer, H., and Marwitz, M. (1993). Concept and operationalizations of styles of anger processing. In Hodapp, V., and Schwenkmezger, P. (Eds.), Ärger und Ärgerausdruck. Hans Huber, Bern.

Steptoe, A., Cropley, M., Griffith, J., and Kirschbaum, C. (2000). Job strain and anger expression predict early morning elevations in salivary cortisol. Psychosom. Med. 62: 286–292.PubMed

Strike, P. C., Magid, K., Whitehead, D. L., Brydon, L., Bhattacharyya, M. R., and Steptoe, A. (2006). Pathophysiological processes underlying emotional triggering of acute cardiac events. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 4322–4327.PubMed

Strike, P. C., and Steptoe, A. (2005). Behavioral and emotional triggers of acute coronary syndromes: A systematic review and critique. Psychosom. Med. 67: 179–186.PubMed

Suarez, E. C., and Williams, R. B. (1989). Situational determinants of cardiovascular and emotional reactivity in high and low hostile men. Psychosom. Med. 51: 404–418.PubMed

Suarez, E. C., and Williams, R. B. (1990). The relationship between dimensions of hostility and cardiovascular reactivity as a function of task characteristics. Psychosom. Med. 52: 558–570.PubMed

Suchday, S., and Larkin, K. T. (2001). Biobehavioral responses to interpersonal conflict during anger expression among anger-in and anger-out men. Ann. Behav. Med. 23: 282–290.PubMed

Suls, J., and Wan, C. K. (1993). The relationship between trait hostility and cardiovascular reactivity: A quantitative review and analysis. Psychophysiology 30: 615–626.PubMed

Swanson, L. W., and Simmons, D. M. (1989). Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus: A hybridization histochemical study in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 285: 413–435.PubMed

Szafarczyk, A., Guillaume, V., Conte-Devolx, B., Alonso, G., Malaval, F., Pares-Herbute, N., Oliver, C., and Assenmacher, I. (1988). Central catecholaminergic system stimulates secretion of CRH at different sites. Am. J. Physiol. 255: E463–E468.PubMed

Tavris, C. (1984). On the wisdom of counting to ten: Personal and social dangers of anger expression. Rev. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 5: 170–191.

Tilders, F. J., Berkenbosch, F., Vermes, I., Linton, E. A., and Smelik, P. G. (1985). Role of epinephrine and vasopressin in the control of the pituitary- adrenal response to stress. Fed. Proc. 44: 155–160.PubMed

Underwood, M. K., Coie, J. D., and Herbsman, C. R. (1992). Display rules for anger and aggression in school-age children. Child Dev. 63: 366–380.PubMed

Valentino, R. J., and Foote, S. L. (1988). Corticotropin-releasing hormone increases tonic but not sensory-evoked activity of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons in unanesthetized rats. J. Neurosci. 8: 1016–1025.PubMed

van de Kar, L. D., and Blair, M. L. (1999). Forebrain pathways mediating stress-induced hormone secretion. Front Neuroendocrinol. 20: 1–48.PubMed

Vander, A. J., Sherman, J. H., and Luciano, D. S. (1994). Human Physiology. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Wand, G. S., and Schumann, H. (1998). Relationship between plasma adrenocorticotropin, hypothalamic opioid tone, and plasma leptin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83: 2138–2142.PubMed

Weinberger, D. A., Schwartz, G. E., and Davidson, R. J. (1979). Low-anxious, high-anxious, and repressive coping styles: psychometric patterns and behavioral and physiological responses to stress. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 88: 369–380.PubMed

Whalen, C. K., Jamner, L. D., Henker, B., and Delfino, R. J. (2001). Smoking and moods in adolescents with depressive and aggressive dispositions: Evidence from surveys and electronic diaries. Health Psychol. 20: 99–111.PubMed

Williams, J. E., Paton, C. C., Siegler, I. C., Eigenbrodt, M. L., Nieto, F. J., and Tyroler, H. A. (2000). Anger proneness predicts coronary heart disease risk: Prospective analysis from the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Circulation 101: 2034–2039.PubMed

Wilson, J. D., and Foster, D. W. (1992). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. Saunders, Pheladelphia.

Titel: Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Mechanisms Mediating the Relationship between Anger Expression and Cardiovascular Risk: Assessment Considerations and Improvements
Auteurs: Mustafa al’Absi
Stephan Bongard
Publicatiedatum: 01-12-2006
Uitgeverij: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 6/2006
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-006-9077-0

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2006

Anger Expression and Pain: An Overview of Findings and Possible Mechanisms

Diabetes and Depression: The Role of Social Support and Medical Symptoms

The Cultural Gradient: Culture Moderates the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Ambulatory Blood Pressure

The Relationship Between Threat Appraisal and Social Constraints in Cancer Survivors and Their Spouses

Physical Health, Self-Reliance, and Emotional Control as Moderators of the Relationship between Locus of Control and Mental Health among Men Treated for Prostate Cancer

Perceived Spouse Responses to Pain: The Level of Agreement in Couple Dyads and the Role of Catastrophizing, Marital Satisfaction, and Depression