Skip to main content
Log in

Using Coaching to Support Teacher Implementation of Classroom-based Interventions

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Behavioral Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Despite the growing evidence base for the efficacy of preventive interventions, the level of implementation of these interventions in schools is often less than optimal. One promising approach to supporting teachers in implementation of interventions is the use of coaching. In this study, teachers were trained in a universal classroom management intervention and provided ongoing coaching. The association between the type and amount of coaching activities and teacher implementation of proactive classroom management over time were investigated. Results indicated that teachers who received more performance feedback had higher levels of implementation over time in comparison with teachers who received less feedback. In addition, a significant interaction between the amount of coaching a teacher received and his or her implementation of proactive classroom management was found. Increased implementation over time was observed for teachers with lower initial levels of implementation who received more coaching, whereas implementation decreased over time for teachers who received less coaching. The importance of coaching as a support system for enhancing implementation quality of classroom-based preventive interventions is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barrett, E. R., & Davis, S. (1995). Perceptions of beginning teachers’ needs in classroom management. Teacher Education and Practice, 11, 22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brophy, J. E. (1996). Teaching problem students. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappella, E., Reinke, W. M., & Hoagwood, K. (2011). Advancing Intervention Research in School Psychology: Finding the Balance between Process and Outcome for Social and Behavioral Interventions. School Psychology Review, 40, 455–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coladarci, T., & Gage, N. L. (1984). Effects of minimal intervention on teacher behavior and student achievement. American Education Research Journal, 1, 236–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colvin, G., Sugai, G., Good, R. H., & Lee, Y. (1997). Using active supervision and precorrection to improve transition behaviors in an elementary school. School Psychology Quarterly, 12, 344–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2009). Recognizing and enhancing teacher effectiveness. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 3, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denton, C. A., & Hasbrouck, J. (2009). A description of instructional coaching and its relationship to consultation. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 19, 150–175. doi:10.1080/10474410802463296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DePry, R. L., & Sugai, G. (2002). The effect of active supervision and pre-correction on minor behavioral incidents in a sixth grade general education classroom. Journal of Behavioral Education, 11, 255–267. doi:1053-0819/02/1200-0255/0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll, K. C., Wang, L., Mashburn, A. J., & Pianta, R. C. (2011). Fostering supportive teacher–child relationships: Intervention implementation in a state-funded preschool program. Early Education and Development, 22, 593–619. doi:10.1080/10409289.2010.502015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durlak, J. A., & DuPre, E. P. (2008). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 327–350. doi:10.1007/s10464-008-9165-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82, 405–432. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Espin, C., & Yell, M. (1994). Critical indicator of effective teaching for preservice teachers: Relationships between teaching behaviors and ratings of effectiveness. Teacher Education and Special Education, 17, 154–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evertson, C. M., & Weinstein, C. S. (2006). Classroom management as a field of inquiry. In C. M. Evertson & C. S. Weinstein (Eds.), Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues (pp. 3–15). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fixsen, D., Naoom, S., Blase, K., Friedman, R., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. Tampa, FL, University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, The National Implementation Research Network (FMHI Publication #231).

  • Forman, S. G., Olin, S., Hoagwood, K., Crowe, M., & Saka, N. (2009). Evidence-based intervention in schools: Developers’ views of implementation barriers and facilitators. School Mental Health, 1, 26–36. doi:10.1007/s12310-008-9002-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gottfredson, G. D., Jones, E. M., & Gore, T. W. (2002). Implementation and evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent problem behavior in a disorganized school. Prevention Science, 3, 43–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Kosterman, R., Abbott, R., & Hill, K. G. (1999). Preventing adolescent health-risk behaviors by strengthening protection during childhood. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 226–234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hemmeter, M. L., Snyder, P., Kinder, K., & Artman, K. (2011). Impact of performance feedback delivered via electronic mail on preschool teachers’ use of descriptive praise. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 26, 96–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houston, W. R., & Williamson, J. L. (1992). Perceptions of their preparation by 42 Texas elementary school teachers compared with their responses as student teachers. Teacher Education and Practice, 8, 27–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ialongo, N., Poduska, J., Werthamer, L., & Kellam, S. (2001). The distal impact of two first-grade preventive interventions on conduct problems and disorder in early adolescence. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 9, 146–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingersoll, R. M. (2002). High turnover plagues schools. USA Today, 13A.

  • Joyce, B., & Showers, B. (2002). Student achievement through staff development (3rd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellam, S. G., Ling, X., Merisca, R., Merisca, C. H., & Ialongo, N. (1998). The effect of the level of aggression in the first grade classroom on the course and malleability of aggressive behavior into middle school. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 165–185.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y., & Stormont, M. (2012). Factors associated with South Korean early childhood educators’ observed behavior support strategies. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 14, 78–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kretlow, A. G., & Bartholomew, C. C. (2010). Using coaching to improve the fidelity of evidence-based practices: A review of studies. Teacher Education and Special Education, 33, 279–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, T. J., Colvin, G., & Sugai, G. (2000). The effects of pre-correction and active supervision on the recess behavior of elementary students. Education and Treatment of Children, 23, 109–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council. (2002). Minority students in special and gifted education. Committee on minority representation in special education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

  • National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noell, G. H., Duhon, G. J., Gatti, S. L., & Connell, J. E. (2002). Consultation, follow-up, and implementation of behavior management interventions in general education. School Psychology Review, 31, 217–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noell, G. H., Witt, J. C., Slider, N. J., Connell, J. E., Gatti, S. L., Williams, K. L., et al. (2005). Treatment implementation following behavioral consultation in schools: A comparison of three follow-up strategies. School Psychology Review, 34, 87–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pas, E., Bradshaw, C., & Cash, A. (in press). Coaching classroom-based preventive interventions. In M. Weist, N. Lever, C. Bradshaw, & J. Owens (Eds.), Handbook of school mental health (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.

  • Ransford, C. R., Greenberg, M. T., Domitrovich, C. E., Small, M., & Jacobson, L. (2009). The role of teachers’ psychological experiences and perceptions of curriculum supports on the implementation of a social and emotional learning curriculum. School Psychology Review, 38, 510–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinke, W. M., Frey, A., Herman, K. C., & Thompson, C. V. (in press-a). Improving engagement and implementation of interventions for children with behavior problems in home and school settings. In H. Walker & F. Gresham (Eds.), Handbook of evidence-based practices for students having emotional and behavioral disorders. New York: Guildford Press.

  • Reinke, W. M., Herman, K. C., & Sprick, R. (2011a). Motivational interviewing for effective classroom management: The classroom check-up. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinke, W. M., Herman, K. C., & Stormont, M. (2013). Classroom Level Positive Behavior Supports in Schools Implementing SW-PBIS: Identifying Areas for Enhancement. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 15, 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinke, W. M., Herman, K. C., Stormont, M., Newcomer, L., & David, K. (in press-b). Illustrating the multiple facets and levels of fidelity of implementation to a teacher classroom management intervention. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research.

  • Reinke, W. M., Lewis-Palmer, T., & Martin, E. (2007). The effect of visual performance feedback on teacher behavior-specific praise. Behavior Modification, 31(3), 247–263.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinke, W. M., Lewis-Palmer, T., & Merrell, K. (2008). The classroom check-up: A classwide consultation model for increasing praise and decreasing disruptive behavior. School Psychology Review, 37, 315–332.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinke, W. M., & Newcomer, L. (2010). Brief classroom interaction observation revised (BCIO-R). Columbia: University of Missouri publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinke, W. M., Stormont, M., Herman, K. C., Puri, R., & Goel, N. (2011b). Supporting children’s mental health in schools: Teacher perceptions of needs, roles, and barriers. School Psychology Quarterly, 26, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinke, W. M., Stormont, M., Webster-Stratton, C., Newcomer, L., & Herman, K. C. (2012). The Incredible Years Teacher Training: Using coaching to support generalization to real world classroom settings. Psychology in the Schools, 49, 416–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen, B., Fairbanks, S., Briesch, A., Myers, D., & Sugai, G. (2008). Evidence-based practices in classroom management: Considerations for research to practice. Education and Treatment of Children, 31, 351–380. doi:10.1353/etc.0.0007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. C., Lewis, T. J., & Stormont, M. (2011). The effectiveness of two universal behavioral supports for children with externalizing behavior in Head Start classrooms. Positive Behavior Interventions, 13, 133–143. doi:10.1177/1098300710379053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, B. G., Klein, S. A., & Politylo, B. C. (2012). The effect of performance feedback on teachers’ treatment integrity: A meta-analysis of the single-case literature. School Psychology Review, 41, 160–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stormont, M., Reinke, W., & Herman, K. (2011). Teachers’ knowledge of evidence-based interventions and available school resources for children with emotional and behavioral problems. Journal of Behavioral Education, 20(2), 138–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stormont, M., Reinke, W. M., Newcomer, L., Darney, D., Lewis, C. (2013). Coaching teachers’ use of social behavior interventions to improve children’s outcomes: A review of the literature. Manuscript submitted for publication.

  • Tapp, J. (2004). Multi-option observation system for experimental studies (MOOSES). Accessed from: http://kc.vanderbilt.edu/mooses/mooses.html.

  • Walker, H. M., Colvin, G., & Ramsey, E. (1995). Antisocial behavior in school: Strategies and best practices. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M., & Hammond, M. (2001). Preventing conduct problems, promoting social competence: A parent and teacher training partnership in Head Start. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 283–302. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3003_2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M., & Hammond, M. (2004). Treating children with early-onset conduct problems: Intervention outcomes for parent, child, and teacher training. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 105–124. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3301_11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M., & Stoolmiller, M. (2008). Preventing conduct problems and improving school readiness: Evaluation of the Incredible Years teacher and child training programs in high-risk schools. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 471–488. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01861.x.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wenz-Gross, M., & Upshur, C. (2012). Implementing a primary prevention social skills intervention in urban preschools: Factors associated with quality and fidelity. Early Education and Development, 23, 427–450. doi:10.1080/10409289.2011.589043.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research reported here was supported by the Institute of Educational Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant R305A100342 to the first author. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent views of the Institute or the U.S. Department of Education.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wendy M. Reinke.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Reinke, W.M., Stormont, M., Herman, K.C. et al. Using Coaching to Support Teacher Implementation of Classroom-based Interventions. J Behav Educ 23, 150–167 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-013-9186-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-013-9186-0

Keywords

Navigation