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Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 3/2020

27-11-2019 | Original Research

Working Memory Capacity and ADHD Symptoms in Boys: Examining the Heterogeneity of Working Memory Functioning Using Latent Profile Analysis

Auteurs: Mileini Campez, Joseph S. Raiker, Dustin E. Sarver, Lauren M. Friedman, Sarah A. Orban, Mark D. Rapport

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 3/2020

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Abstract

Recent studies demonstrate that working memory (WM) is integral to etiological models of ADHD; however, significant questions persist regarding the relation between WM performance across tasks with varying cognitive demands and ADHD symptoms. The current study incorporates an individual differences approach to WM heterogeneity (i.e., latent profile analysis) to (a) identify differential profiles of WM across the phonological and visuospatial WM subsystems; and (b) characterize differences in symptom presentation among WM profiles. Parent and teacher ratings of child behavior, obtained for boys with (n = 51) and without (n = 38) a diagnosis of ADHD, were compared across latent classes of visuospatial and phonological WM performance. Latent profile analysis identified three classes of WM functioning: Low WM, Moderate WM, and High WM. Membership in the Low and Moderate WM classes was associated with greater levels of parent- and teacher-rated inattentive and hyperactive symptoms. While 84% of the ADHD group were assigned to the Low and Moderate WM classes, more than a quarter of children without ADHD exhibited Moderate WM limitations. Collectively, these findings extend prior work suggesting that there is substantial heterogeneity in WM functioning in children with and without ADHD and that these differences contribute to the expression of symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity.
Voetnoten
1
A subset of these children were included in previous studies (Alderson et al. 2010; Bolden 2012; Calub et al. 2019; Kofler et al. 2014; Raiker et al. 2012; Rapport et al. 2008; Rapport et al. 2009; Sarver et al. 2015) to examine conceptually distinct hypotheses. Notably, this sample has never been included in a study utilizing latent profile analysis or examining the association between the experimental laboratory-based tasks and the rating scales used in the current study.
 
2
All participants within the ADHD group also met criteria for ADHD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013), as determined by the KSADS (2013 update), which was published during the collection of this data.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Working Memory Capacity and ADHD Symptoms in Boys: Examining the Heterogeneity of Working Memory Functioning Using Latent Profile Analysis
Auteurs
Mileini Campez
Joseph S. Raiker
Dustin E. Sarver
Lauren M. Friedman
Sarah A. Orban
Mark D. Rapport
Publicatiedatum
27-11-2019
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 3/2020
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-019-09762-x

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