Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 3/2011

01-09-2011

Emotional Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Elevated Depressive Symptoms

Auteurs: Elizabeth Kate Hughes, Eleonora Gullone, Shaun D. Watson

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 3/2011

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Difficulties with emotion and its regulation are of central importance to the etiology and course of depression. The current study investigated these constructs in relation to childhood and adolescence by comparing the emotional functioning of 170 9- to 15-year-olds reporting high levels of depressive symptoms (HD) to a matched sample of 170 children and adolescents reporting low levels of depressive symptoms (LD). Compared to LD, HD participants reported significantly greater shame proneness, poorer functioning on emotion regulation competencies (emotional control, self-awareness and situational responsiveness), less healthy emotion regulation strategy use (less reappraisal and greater suppression), and lower levels of guilt proneness. Empathic concern did not differ between the two groups. The findings enhance current knowledge by providing a more comprehensive profile of the emotional difficulties experienced by children and adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms.
Literatuur
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington DC: Author. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington DC: Author.
go back to reference Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1998). Standard Australian Classification of Countries. Catalogue no. 1269.0. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1998). Standard Australian Classification of Countries. Catalogue no. 1269.0. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
go back to reference Avenevoli, S., Knight, E., Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2008). Epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 6–32). New York: Guilford. Avenevoli, S., Knight, E., Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2008). Epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 6–32). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Gerbino, M., & Pastorelli, C. (2003). Role of affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. Child Development, 74(3), 769–782. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00567 PubMedCrossRef Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Gerbino, M., & Pastorelli, C. (2003). Role of affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. Child Development, 74(3), 769–782. doi:10.​1111/​1467-8624.​00567 PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Betts, J., Gullone, E., & Allen, J. S. (2009). An examination of emotion regulation, temperament, and parenting style as potential predictors of adolescent depression risk status: a correlational study. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(2), 473–485. doi:10.1348/026151008X314900 PubMedCrossRef Betts, J., Gullone, E., & Allen, J. S. (2009). An examination of emotion regulation, temperament, and parenting style as potential predictors of adolescent depression risk status: a correlational study. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(2), 473–485. doi:10.​1348/​026151008X314900​ PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1994). Distinguishing functional from dusfunctional affective responses. In P. Elkman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 131–136). New York: Oxford University Press. Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1994). Distinguishing functional from dusfunctional affective responses. In P. Elkman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 131–136). New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference de Wied, M., Maas, C., van Goozen, S., Vermande, M., Engels, R., Meeus, W., et al. (2007). Bryant’s Empathy Index: a closer examination of its internal structure. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(2), 99–104. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.23.2.99 CrossRef de Wied, M., Maas, C., van Goozen, S., Vermande, M., Engels, R., Meeus, W., et al. (2007). Bryant’s Empathy Index: a closer examination of its internal structure. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(2), 99–104. doi:10.​1027/​1015-5759.​23.​2.​99 CrossRef
go back to reference Durbin, C. E., & Shafir, D. M. (2008). Emotion regulation and risk for depression. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 149–176). New York: Guilford. Durbin, C. E., & Shafir, D. M. (2008). Emotion regulation and risk for depression. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 149–176). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Murphy, B., Karbon, M., Maszk, P., Smith, M., et al. (1994). The relations of emotionality and regulation to dispositional and situational empathy-related responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 776–797. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.776 PubMedCrossRef Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Murphy, B., Karbon, M., Maszk, P., Smith, M., et al. (1994). The relations of emotionality and regulation to dispositional and situational empathy-related responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 776–797. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​66.​4.​776 PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ferguson, T. J., Stegge, H., Eyre, H. L., Vollmer, R., & Ashbaker, M. (2000). Context effects and the (mal)adaptive nature of guilt and shame in children. Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 319–345. Ferguson, T. J., Stegge, H., Eyre, H. L., Vollmer, R., & Ashbaker, M. (2000). Context effects and the (mal)adaptive nature of guilt and shame in children. Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 319–345.
go back to reference Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Meerum Terwogt, M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9-11-year-old children: the development of an instrument. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–9. doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0562-3 CrossRef Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Meerum Terwogt, M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9-11-year-old children: the development of an instrument. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–9. doi:10.​1007/​s00787-006-0562-3 CrossRef
go back to reference Ghatavi, K., Nicolson, R., MacDonald, C., Osher, S., & Levitt, A. (2002). Defining guilt in depression: a comparison of subjects with major depression, chronic medical illness and healthy controls. Journal of Affective Disorders, 68(2–3), 307–315. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327%2801%2900312-3 PubMedCrossRef Ghatavi, K., Nicolson, R., MacDonald, C., Osher, S., & Levitt, A. (2002). Defining guilt in depression: a comparison of subjects with major depression, chronic medical illness and healthy controls. Journal of Affective Disorders, 68(2–3), 307–315. doi:10.​1016/​S0165-0327%2801%2900312-3 PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ghorbani, N., Bing, M. N., Watson, P., Davison, H., & LeBreton, D. L. (2003). Individualist and collectivist values: evidence of compatibility in Iran and the United States. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(2), 431–447. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869%2802%2900064-8 CrossRef Ghorbani, N., Bing, M. N., Watson, P., Davison, H., & LeBreton, D. L. (2003). Individualist and collectivist values: evidence of compatibility in Iran and the United States. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(2), 431–447. doi:10.​1016/​S0191-8869%2802%2900064-8 CrossRef
go back to reference Gullone, E. (2010). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): A psychometric evaluation. Manuscript submitted for publication. Gullone, E. (2010). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): A psychometric evaluation. Manuscript submitted for publication.
go back to reference Izard, C. E., Youngstrom, E. A., Fine, S. E., Mostow, A. J., & Trentacosta, C. J. (2006). Emotions and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, vol. 1: theory and method (2nd ed., pp. 244–292). Hoboken: Wiley. Izard, C. E., Youngstrom, E. A., Fine, S. E., Mostow, A. J., & Trentacosta, C. J. (2006). Emotions and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, vol. 1: theory and method (2nd ed., pp. 244–292). Hoboken: Wiley.
go back to reference Jaffe, M., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2010). The role of temperamental dispositions and parenting experiences in the use of two emotion regulation strategies in late childhood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31(1), 47–59. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.07.008 CrossRef Jaffe, M., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2010). The role of temperamental dispositions and parenting experiences in the use of two emotion regulation strategies in late childhood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31(1), 47–59. doi:10.​1016/​j.​appdev.​2009.​07.​008 CrossRef
go back to reference Kovacs, M. (1992). Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) manual. Ontario: Multi-Health Systems. Kovacs, M. (1992). Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) manual. Ontario: Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference Kovacs, M., Sherrill, J., George, C. J., Pollock, M., Tumuluru, R. V., & Ho, V. (2006). Contextual emotion-regulation therapy for childhood depression: Description and pilot testing of a new intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(8), 892–903. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000222878.74162.5a PubMedCrossRef Kovacs, M., Sherrill, J., George, C. J., Pollock, M., Tumuluru, R. V., & Ho, V. (2006). Contextual emotion-regulation therapy for childhood depression: Description and pilot testing of a new intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(8), 892–903. doi:10.​1097/​01.​chi.​0000222878.​74162.​5a PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference MacDermott, S. T., Gullone, E., Allen, J. S., King, N. J., & Tonge, B. (2010). The Emotion Regulation Index for Children and Adolescents (ERICA): a psychometric investigation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(3), 301–314. doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9154-0 CrossRef MacDermott, S. T., Gullone, E., Allen, J. S., King, N. J., & Tonge, B. (2010). The Emotion Regulation Index for Children and Adolescents (ERICA): a psychometric investigation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(3), 301–314. doi:10.​1007/​s10862-009-9154-0 CrossRef
go back to reference Pineles, S. L., Street, A. E., & Koenen, K. C. (2006). The differential relationships of shame-proneness and guilt-proneness to psychological and somatization symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(6), 688–704. doi:10.1521/jscp.2006.25.6.688 CrossRef Pineles, S. L., Street, A. E., & Koenen, K. C. (2006). The differential relationships of shame-proneness and guilt-proneness to psychological and somatization symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(6), 688–704. doi:10.​1521/​jscp.​2006.​25.​6.​688 CrossRef
go back to reference Rottenberg, J., & Johnson, S. L. (2007). Emotion and psychopathology: Bridging affective and clinical science. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Rottenberg, J., & Johnson, S. L. (2007). Emotion and psychopathology: Bridging affective and clinical science. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Schieman, S., & Turner, H. A. (2001). “When feeling other people’s pain hurts”: The influence of psychosocial resources on the association between self-reported empathy and depressive symptoms. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64(4), 376–389. doi:10.2307/3090161 CrossRef Schieman, S., & Turner, H. A. (2001). “When feeling other people’s pain hurts”: The influence of psychosocial resources on the association between self-reported empathy and depressive symptoms. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64(4), 376–389. doi:10.​2307/​3090161 CrossRef
go back to reference Sitarenios, G., & Stein, S. (2004). Use of the children’s depression inventory. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment, vol. 2: Instruments for children and adolescents (3rd ed., pp. 1–37). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Sitarenios, G., & Stein, S. (2004). Use of the children’s depression inventory. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment, vol. 2: Instruments for children and adolescents (3rd ed., pp. 1–37). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Suveg, C., Kendall, P. C., Comer, J. S., & Robin, J. (2006). Emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth: a multiple-baseline evaluation. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 36(2), 77–85. doi:10.1007/s10879-006-9010-4 CrossRef Suveg, C., Kendall, P. C., Comer, J. S., & Robin, J. (2006). Emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth: a multiple-baseline evaluation. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 36(2), 77–85. doi:10.​1007/​s10879-006-9010-4 CrossRef
go back to reference Tangney, J. P. (1995). Shame and guilt in interpersonal relationships. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 114–139). New York: The Guilford. Tangney, J. P. (1995). Shame and guilt in interpersonal relationships. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 114–139). New York: The Guilford.
go back to reference Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002a). Gender differences in morality. In R. F. Bornstein & J. M. Masling (Eds.), The psychodynamics of gender and gender role (pp. 251–269). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002a). Gender differences in morality. In R. F. Bornstein & J. M. Masling (Eds.), The psychodynamics of gender and gender role (pp. 251–269). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002b). Shame and guilt. New York: Guilford. Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002b). Shame and guilt. New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P. E., Gavlas, J., & Gramzow, R. (1991). The Test of Self-Conscious Affect for Adolescents (TOSCA-A). Fairfax: George Mason University. Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P. E., Gavlas, J., & Gramzow, R. (1991). The Test of Self-Conscious Affect for Adolescents (TOSCA-A). Fairfax: George Mason University.
go back to reference Tangney, J. P., Burggraf, S. A., & Wagner, P. E. (1995). Shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, and psychological symptoms. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 343–367). New York: Guilford. Tangney, J. P., Burggraf, S. A., & Wagner, P. E. (1995). Shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, and psychological symptoms. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 343–367). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P. E., Hill-Barlow, D., Marschall, D. E., & Gramzow, R. (1996). Relation of shame and guilt to constructive versus destructive responses to anger across the lifespan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(4), 797–809. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.797 PubMedCrossRef Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P. E., Hill-Barlow, D., Marschall, D. E., & Gramzow, R. (1996). Relation of shame and guilt to constructive versus destructive responses to anger across the lifespan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(4), 797–809. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​70.​4.​797 PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2–3), 250–283. doi:10.2307/1166137 Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2–3), 250–283. doi:10.​2307/​1166137
go back to reference Watson, S. D., & Gullone, E. (2010). An investigation into the reliability and validity of the TOSCA-A shame and guilt scales with child and adolescent samples. Manuscript submitted for publication. Watson, S. D., & Gullone, E. (2010). An investigation into the reliability and validity of the TOSCA-A shame and guilt scales with child and adolescent samples. Manuscript submitted for publication.
go back to reference Yap, M. B., Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. (2007). Using an emotion regulation framework to understand the role of temperament and family processes in risk for adolescent depressive disorders. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10(2), 180–196. doi:10.1007/s10567-006-0014-0 PubMedCrossRef Yap, M. B., Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. (2007). Using an emotion regulation framework to understand the role of temperament and family processes in risk for adolescent depressive disorders. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10(2), 180–196. doi:10.​1007/​s10567-006-0014-0 PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zahn-Waxler, C. (2000). The development of empathy, guilt, and internalization of distress: Implications for gender differences in internalizing and externalizing problems. In R. J. Davidson (Ed.), Wisconsin symposium on emotion: anxiety, depression and emotion (Vol. 1, pp. 222–265). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Zahn-Waxler, C. (2000). The development of empathy, guilt, and internalization of distress: Implications for gender differences in internalizing and externalizing problems. In R. J. Davidson (Ed.), Wisconsin symposium on emotion: anxiety, depression and emotion (Vol. 1, pp. 222–265). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Zahn-Waxler, C., Cole, P. M., & Barrett, K. C. (1991). Guilt and empathy: Sex differences and implications for the development of depression. In J. Garber & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 243–272). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Zahn-Waxler, C., Cole, P. M., & Barrett, K. C. (1991). Guilt and empathy: Sex differences and implications for the development of depression. In J. Garber & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 243–272). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Zeman, J., Shipman, K., & Suveg, C. (2002). Anger and sadness regulation: predictions to internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31(3), 393–398. doi:10.1207/153744202760082658 PubMed Zeman, J., Shipman, K., & Suveg, C. (2002). Anger and sadness regulation: predictions to internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31(3), 393–398. doi:10.​1207/​1537442027600826​58 PubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Emotional Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Elevated Depressive Symptoms
Auteurs
Elizabeth Kate Hughes
Eleonora Gullone
Shaun D. Watson
Publicatiedatum
01-09-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 3/2011
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9220-2

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2011

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 3/2011 Naar de uitgave