Top

Journal of Child and Family Studies

Gepubliceerd in:

22-05-2019 | Original Paper

Corporal Punishment: Current Rates from a National Survey

Auteurs: David Finkelhor, Heather Turner, Brittany Kaye Wormuth, Jennifer Vanderminden, Sherry Hamby

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 7/2019

Abstract

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of corporal punishment usage in the US population.

Methods

This study was based on a 2014 cross-sectional, telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of US households with children. Reports about spanking of 0–9 year olds were obtained from parents, while reports about 10–17 year olds were obtained from the youth themselves.

Results

The survey suggested that a majority of children in the US were not subject to corporal punishment in 2014. The rate was 49% in the past year for children ages 0–9, 23% for youth 10–17 and 37% overall. Rates of spanking were lower for girls compared to boys, Northeasterners compared to Southerners, and whites compared to blacks. They were also lower among those with a graduate education, and families with fewer than 3 children. The proportion of children subject to corporal punishment had declined by 2014 compared to other national surveys conducted in 1975 and 1985. This is in line with other studies showing declines of 26–40% in the spanking of kindergarden age children from 1988 to 2011.

Conclusion

The trends suggest a continuing reduction of spanking in the population. Because of growing research and advocacy about this practice both nationally and internationally, it may be that awareness is having some impact and it will continue to decline.

vorige artikel The Experience of Belonging in Youth from Refugee Backgrounds: A Narrative Perspective

volgende artikel The Associations of National Context and Subjective Well-being with Marriage Expectations Among Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese Emerging Adults

Acierno, R., Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Stark-Riemer, W. (2003). Assessing elder victimization—Demonstration of a methodology. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38(11), 644–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-003-0686-4.CrossRefPubMed

American Academy of Chiild & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2012). Corporal punishment. Policy statement. https://www.aacap.org/aacap/Policy_Statements/2012/Policy_Statement_on_Corporal_Punishment.aspx.

American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, & Child Maltreatment and Violence Committee. (2012). Corporal punishment. https://www.aacap.org/aacap/Policy_Statements/2012/Policy_Statement_on_Corporal_Punishment.aspx.

Bader, C. D., Mencken, F. C., & Froese, P. (2007). American piety 2005: Content and methods of the Baylor Religion Survey. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 46(4), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2007.00371.x.CrossRef

Bajos, N., Spira, A., Ducot, B., & Messiah, A. (1992). Analysis of sexual behavior in France (ACSF): A comparison between two modes of investigation: Telephone survey and face-to-face survey. AIDS, 6(3), 315–323.

Bermack, E. (1989). Effects of telephone & face-to-face communication on rated extent of self-disclosure by female college students. Psychological Reports, 65(1), 259–267.CrossRef

Clément, M.-È., & Chamberland, C. (2014). Trends in corporal punishment and attitudes in favour of this practice: Toward a change in societal norms. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 33(2), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2014-013.CrossRef

Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. (1998). Guidance for effective discipline. Pediatrics, 101(4), 723–728. [published correction appears in Pediatrics. 1998;1102(1992, pt 1991):1433].CrossRef

Corso, R.A., Harris, P., & Public Relations, & Harris Interactive. (2013). Four in five americans believe parents spaning their children is sometimes appropriate. The Harris Poll, (#67). Retrieved from https://theharrispoll.com/new-york-n-y-september-26-2013-to-spank-or-not-to-spank-its-an-age-old-question-that-every-parent-must-face-some-parents-may-start-off-with-the-notion-that-i-will-never-spank-my-child-bu/.

Czaja, R. (1987). Asking sensitive behavioral questions in telephone interviews. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 8(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.2190/XT6W-31CX-TD87-E643.CrossRefPubMed

Ellison, C. G., & Bradshaw, M. (2009). Religious beliefs, sociopolitical ideology, and attitudes toward corporal punishment. Journal of Family Issues, 30(3), 320–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08326331.CrossRef

Finkelhor, D. (2014). Trends in bullying & peer victimization. Durham, NH: Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire.

Finkelhor, D., Saito, K., & Jones, L. (2018). Updated trends in child maltreatment, 2016. Durham, NH: Crimes against Children Research Center.

Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. (2015). Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(8), 746–754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676.CrossRefPubMed

Gelles, R. J., & Straus, M. A. (1987). Is violence toward children increasing? A comparison of 1975 and 1985 national survey rates. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2, 212–222.CrossRef

Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539–579.CrossRefPubMed

Gershoff, E. T., & Font, S. A. (2016). Corporal punishment in US public schools: Prevalence, disparities in use, and status in state and federal policy. Social Policy Report, 30(1), 1–25.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gershoff, E. T., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191.CrossRefPubMed

Gershoff, E. T., Lansford, J. E., Sexton, H. R., Davis‐Kean, P., & Sameroff, A. J. (2012). Longitudinal links between spanking and children’s externalizing behaviors in a national sample of White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian American families. Child Development, 83(3), 838–843. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01732.x.CrossRefPubMed

Gershoff, E. T., Purtell, K. M., & Holas, I. (2015). Prevalence of and attitudes about school corporal punishment in the US bans on school corporal punishment in the US Corporal Punishment in US Public Schools: Springer briefs in Psychology (pp. 9–24). Cham: Springer.

Gershoff, E. T., Sattler, K. M., & Ansari, A. (2017). Strengthening causal estimates for links between spanking and children’s externalizing behavior problems. Psychological Science, 29(1), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617729816.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children. (2018) States which have prohibited all corporal punishment. http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/progress/prohibiting-states/.

Hoffmann, J. P., Ellison, C. G., & Bartkowski, J. P. (2017). Conservative protestantism and attitudes toward corporal punishment, 1986–2014. Social Science Research, 63, 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.09.010.CrossRefPubMed

Holden, G. W., Brown, A. S., Baldwin, A. S., & Caderao, K. C. (2014). Research findings can change attitudes about corporal punishment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(5), 902–908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.013.CrossRef

Holden, G. W., Grogan-Kaylor, A., Durrant, J. E., & Gershoff, E. T. (2017). Researchers deserve a better critique: Response to Larzelere, Gunnoe, Roberts, and Ferguson (2017). Marriage & Family Review, 53(5), 465–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2017.1308899.CrossRef

Klevens, J., Kollar, L. M., Rizzo, G., O’Shea, G., Nguyen, J., & Roby, S. (2019). Commonalities and differences in social norms related to corporal punishment among black, latino and white parents. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0591-z.

Lansford, J. E., Cappa, C., Putnick, D. L., Bornstein, M. H., Deater-Deckard, K., & Bradley, R. H. (2017). Change over time in parents’ beliefs about and reported use of corporal punishment in eight countries with and without legal bans. Child Abuse & Neglect, 71, 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.016.CrossRef

Marin, G., & Marin, B. (1989). A comparison of three interviewing approaches for studying sensitive topics with Hispanics. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 11(4), 330–340.CrossRef

McAuliffe, W. E., Geller, S., LaBrie, R., Paletz, S., & Fournier, E. (1998). Are telephone surveys suitable for studying substance abuse? Cost, administration, coverage and response rate issues. Journal of Drug Issues, 28(2), 455–481.CrossRef

National Association of Social Workers. (2012). Physical punishment of children social work speaks: NASW Policy statements, 2012–2014. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers Press.

Patton, S. (2017). Spare the kids: Why whupping children won’t save Black America. Boston: Beacon Press.

Pew Research Center. (2015). Parenting in America: Outlook, worries, aspirations are strongly linked to financial situation.

Pruchno, R. A., & Hayden, J. M. (2000). Interview modality: Effects on costs and data quality in a sample of older women. Journal of Aging and Health, 12(1), 3–24.CrossRef

Ryan, R. M., Kalil, A., Ziol-Guest, K. M., & Padilla, C. (2016). Socioeconomic gaps in parents’ discipline strategies from 1988 to 2011. Pediatrics, 138(6), e20160720–e20160720. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0720.CrossRefPubMed

Sputa, C. L., & Paulson, S. E. (1995). Birth order and family size: Influences on adolescents’ achievement and related parenting behaviors. Psychological Reports, 76(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.1.43.CrossRefPubMed

Straus, M. A., Douglas, E. M., & Medeiros, R. A. (2014). The primordial violence: Spanking children, psychologial development, violence, and crime. New York, NY: Routledge.

Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1986). Societal changes and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national surveys. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 465–480.CrossRef

Straus, M. A., & Mathur, A. K. In D. Frehsee, W. Horn, K.-D. Bussmann, (Eds) 1996). Social change and trends in approval of corporal punishment by parents from 1968 to 1994. Family violence against children: A challenge for society. (Also an updated version as “The decline in Approval of Spanking”, 2013, Chapter 17 in Murray A. Straus, Emily M. Douglas, & Rose A. Maderios (Eds), The primordial violence: Spanking children, psychologial development, violence, and crime. New York: Routledge. (pp. 91–105). New York, NY: Walter deGruyter.

Straus, M. A., & Stewart, J. H. (1999). Corporal punishment by American parents: National data on prevalence, chronicity, severity, and duration, in relation to child, and family characteristics. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2(2), 55–70. A revised version of “Corporal punishment in the United States” (2014). In Murray A. Straus., Emily M. Douglas & Rose Anne Medeiros (Eds), The primordial violence: Spanking children, psychological development, violence, and crime (pp. 23–40). New York: Routledge.CrossRefPubMed

Taylor, C. A., McKasson, S., Hoy, G., & DeJong, W. (2017). Parents’ primary professional sources of parenting advice moderate predictors of parental attitudes toward corporal punishment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(2), 652–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0586-3.CrossRefPubMed

The American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC). (2016). APSAC position statement on corporal punishment of children, 1–7. https://apsac.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/corporal%20punishment%20position%20statement.pdf.

The Gallup Organization. (1995). Disciplining children in America: A Gallup poll report (Survey, #765). Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization.

Trifan, T. A., Stattin, H., & Tilton‐Weaver, L. (2014). Have authoritarian parenting practices and roles changed in the last 50 years? Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(4), 744–761. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12124.CrossRef

Trillingsgaard, T., & Sommer, D. (2018). Associations between older maternal age, use of sanctions, and children’s socio-emotional development through 7, 11, and 15 years. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15(2), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1266248.CrossRef

Weeks, M. F., Kulka, R. A., Lessler, J. T., & Whitmore, R. W. (1983). Personal versus telephone surveys from collecting household health data at the local level. American Journal of Public Health, 73(12), 1389–1394.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zolotor, A. J., Theodore, A. D., Runyan, D. K., Chang, J. J., & Laskey, A. L. (2011). Corporal punishment and physical abuse: Population‐based trends for three‐to‐11‐year‐old children in the United States. Child Abuse Review, 20(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1128.CrossRef

Titel: Corporal Punishment: Current Rates from a National Survey
Auteurs: David Finkelhor
Heather Turner
Brittany Kaye Wormuth
Jennifer Vanderminden
Sherry Hamby
Publicatiedatum: 22-05-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 7/2019
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01426-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2019

Colorizing self-esteem among African American young women: Linking skin tone, parental support, and sexual health

The Relationship Between Parenting Styles Practiced By Grandparents And Children’s Emotional And Behavioral Problems

Positive Parenting Moderates the Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Executive Functioning: A Three-Generation Approach

The Associations of National Context and Subjective Well-being with Marriage Expectations Among Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese Emerging Adults

Differences in Chilean and USA Mothers’ Sensitivity Considering Child Gender and Temperament

National Analysis of the Disciplinary Exclusion of Black Students with and without Disabilities