Top

Gepubliceerd in:

04-10-2017 | Original Paper

Validation of the Perceived Chinese Overparenting Scale in Emerging Adults in Hong Kong

Auteurs: Janet T. Y. Leung, Daniel T. L. Shek

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 1/2018

Abstract

Overparenting is an emergent parenting style where parents are highly involved in their children’s routines and they remove the perceived obstacles that may happen in their children’s lives. However, validated measures that objectively assess overparenting are severely lacking in the Chinese communities. Based on a sample of 642 undergraduate students from Hong Kong, psychometric properties of the perceived Chinese Paternal Overparenting Scale (CPOS) and Chinese Maternal Overparenting Scale (CMOS) were examined in terms of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity and factorial validity. Results indicated that both CPOS and CMOS showed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. As predicted, the findings gave support for the convergent validity of the scales: CPOS and CMOS were significantly related to measures of paternal and maternal behavioral control, psychological control, and support; they were also negatively associated with self-efficacy but positively related to narcissistic behavior of emerging adults. Moreover, factor analyses showed that eight factors corresponding to the proposed conceptual model were abstracted from the CPOS and CMOS, respectively. The present study suggests that both CPOS and CMOS are reliable and valid assessment tools that can be used to measure parental overparenting in the Chinese context.

vorige artikel Parent–Child Interaction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Siblings: Choosing a Coding Strategy

volgende artikel Teacher and Parent Perceptions of Relational and Physical Aggression During Early Childhood

Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence to midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 133–143.CrossRef

Ashton-James, C. E., Kushlev, K., & Dunn, E. W. (2013). Parents reap what they sow child-centrism and parental well-being. Social Psychological and Personality Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613479804.

Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296–3319.CrossRefPubMed

Barber, B. K. (Ed.) (2002). Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Barber, B. K., & Harmon, E. L. (2002). Violating the self: Parental psychological control of children and adolescent. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 15–52). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef

Ben-Arieh, A. (2008). The child indicators movement: Past, present, and future. Child Indicators Research, 1(1), 3–16.CrossRef

Bornstein, M. H., & Cheah, C. S. L. (2006). The place of “culture and parenting” in the ecological contextual perspective on developmental science. In K. H. Rubin & O. B. Chung (Eds.), Parenting beliefs, behaviors, and parent-child relationship (pp. 3–34). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.

Bradley-Geist, J. C., & Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2014). Helicopter parents: An examination of the correlates of over-parenting of college students. Education & Training, 56, 314–328.CrossRef

Casas, F. (2011). Subjective social indicators and child and adolescent well-being. Child Indicators Research, 4(4), 555–575.CrossRef

Chao, R. K., & Sue, S. (1996). Chinese parental influence and their children’s school success: A paradox in the literature on parenting styles. In S. Lau (Ed.), Growing up the Chinese way - Chinese child and adolescent development (pp. 93–120). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.

Cheung, C. S., & McBride-Chang, C. (2008). Relations of perceived maternal parenting style, practices, and learning motivation to academic competence in Chinese children. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 54(1), 1–22.CrossRef

Conger, R. D., & Donnellan, M. B. (2007). An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 175–199.CrossRefPubMed

Darlow, V., Norvilitis, J.M., & Schuetze, P. (2017). The relationship between helicopter parenting and adjustment to college. Journal of Child and Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0751-3

Elgar, F. J., Waschbusch, D. A., Dadds, M. R., & Sigvaldason, N. (2007). Development and validation of a short form of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(2), 243–259.CrossRef

Elstad, J. I., & Stefansen, K. (2014). Social variations in perceived parenting styles among Norwegian adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 7, 649–670.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Frick, P. J., & Hare, R. D. (2001). Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD): Technical manual. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems Inc.

Fuligni, A. J., & Pedersen, S. (2002). Family obligation and the transition to young adulthood. Developmental psychology, 38(5), 856–868.CrossRefPubMed

Fung, A. L. C., Gao, Y., & Raine, A. (2009). The utility of the child and adolescent psychopathy construct in Hong Kong, China. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(1), 134–140.CrossRef

Gibbs, N. (2009). The growing backlash against overparenting. Time Magazine, 20.

Grolnick, W. S., & Farkas, M. (2002). Parenting and the development of children’s self-regulation. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (Vol. 5, pp. 88–110). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Hosley, C. A., & Montemayor, R. (1997). Fathers and adolescents. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (pp. 162–178). New York, NY: John Wiley.

Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2007). Helicopter parents in the workplace. Syndicated Research Project, nGenera. Retrived August 26, 2017 from http://www.wikinomics.com/blog/uploads/helicopter-parents-in-the-workplace.pdf.

Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 366–380.CrossRefPubMed

Kwon, K., You, G., & De Gagne, J. C. (2017). Does culture matter? A qualitative inquiry of helicopter parenting in Korean American college students. Journal of Child and Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0694-8.

Lam, C. M. (1997). A cultural perspective on the study of Chinese adolescent development. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 14(2), 95–113.CrossRef

Lam, C. M. (2007). Not grown up forever: A Chinese conception of adolescent development. New York, NY: Nova Sciences.

Lau, S., & Cheung, P. C. (1987). Relations between Chinese adolescents' perception of parental control and organization and their perception of parental warmth. Developmental Psychology, 23(5), 726–729.CrossRef

LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399–418.CrossRef

Leung, J. T. Y. (2017). Cultural family beliefs, maternal sacrifice and adolescent psychological competence in Chinese poor single-mother families. Social Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12239.

Leung, J. T. Y., & Busiol, D. (2016). Adolescents growing up in a “Greenhouse”: A literature review. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health, 9(4), 413–422.

Leung, J. T. Y., & Shek, D. T. L. (2011). “All I can do for my child” --- development of the Chinese parental sacrifice for child’s education scale. International Journal of Disability and Human Development, 10(3), 201–208.

Leung, J. T. Y., & Shek, D. T. L. (2012). Parental differences in family processes in Chinese families experiencing economic disadvantage. Géneros. Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies, 1(3), 242–273.

Leung, J. T. Y., & Shek, D. T. L. (2013). Parenting for resilience: Family processes and psychosocial competence of Chinese adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage in Hong Kong. International Journal of Disability and Human Development, 12(2), 127–137.

Leung, J. T. Y., Shek, D. T. L., & Ng, L. S. L. (in-press). Overparenting from the perspectives of Chinese parents and youths. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health.

Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ten Berge. J. M. F. (2006). Tucker's congruence coefficient as a meaningful index of factor similarity. Methodology, 2(2), 57–64.

Nelson, L. J., & Barry, C. M. (2005). Distinguishing features of emerging adulthood the role of self-classification as an adult. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20(2), 242–262.CrossRef

Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down?: Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1177–1190.CrossRefPubMed

Pettit, G. S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Criss, M. M. (2001). Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. Child Development, 72, 583–598.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ramey, G., & Ramey, V. A. (2009). The rug rat race (No. w15284). USA: National Bureau of Economic Research.CrossRef

Reed, K., Duncan, J. M., Lucier-Greer, M., Fixelle, C., & Ferraro, A. J. (2016). Helicopter parenting and emerging adult self-efficacy: Implications for mental and physical health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0466-x.

Reitman, D., Rhode, P. C., Hupp, S. D., & Altobello, C. (2002). Development and validation of the parental authority questionnaire–revised. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(2), 119–127.CrossRef

Russell, A., Aloa, V., Feder, T., Glover, A., Miller, H., & Palmer, G. (1998). Sex-based differences in parenting styles in a sample with preschool children. Australian Journal of Psychology, 50, 89–99.CrossRef

Rousseau, S., & Scharf, M. (2015). “I will guide you”. The indirect link between overparenting and young adults’ adjustment. Psychiatry Research, 228, 826–834.

Schiffrin, H., Liss, M., Miles-McLean, H., Geary, K., Erchull, M., & Tashner, T. (2014). Helping or hovering? The effects of helicopter parenting on college students' well-being. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 23(3), 548–557.CrossRef

Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., Bauer, A., & Taylor Murphy, M. (2012). The association between overparenting, parent-child communication, and entitlement and adaptive traits in adult children. Family Relations, 61(2), 237–252.CrossRef

Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., & Montgomery, N. (2013). Parent and child traits associated with overparenting. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(6), 569–595.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2002a). Parenting characteristics and parent-adolescent conflict: A longitudinal study in the Chinese culture. Journal of Family Issues, 23(2), 189–208.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2002b). The relation of parental qualities to psychological well-being, school adjustment and problem behavior in Chinese adolescents with economic disadvantage. American Journal of Family Therapy, 30, 215–230.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2004). Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity: Its relationship to psychological well-being, school adjustment and problem behavior in Chinese adolescents with and without economic disadvantage. Childhood, 11, 63–80.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2006a). Assessment of perceived parental psychological control in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Research on Social Work Practice, 16, 382–391.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2006b). Chinese family research: Puzzles, progress, paradigms, and policy implications. Journal of Family Issues, 27(3), 275–284.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2006c). Perceived parental behavioral control and psychological control in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. American Journal of Family Therapy, 34, 163–176.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2008). Perceived parental control and parent-child relational qualities in early adolescents in Hong Kong: Parent gender, child gender and grade differences. Sex Roles, 58, 666–681.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L., & Law, M. Y. M. (2014). Parental behavioral control, parental psychological control and parent-child relational qualities: Relationships to Chinese adolescent risk behavior. In: D.T.L. Shek, R.C.F. Sun, & C.M.S. Ma (Eds.), Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong: Family life, psychological well-being and risk behavior (pp. 51–69). Singapore: Springer.

Siegel, A. I., & Pfeiffer, M. G. (1965). Factorial congruence in criterion development. Personnel Psychology, 18(3), 267–279.CrossRef

Smetana, J. G., & Daddis, C. (2002). Domain-specific antecedents of parental psychological control and monitoring: The role of parenting beliefs and practices. Child Development, 73, 563–580.CrossRefPubMed

Wang, Q., Pomerantz, E. M., & Chen, H. (2007). The role of parents’ control in early adolescents’ psychological functioning: A longitudinal investigation in the United States and China. Child development, 78(5), 1592–1610.CrossRefPubMed

Wilson, R. W. (1974). The moral state: A study of the political socialization of Chinese and American children. New York, NY: Free Press.

Wolchik, S. A., Sandler, I. N., & Braver, S. L. (1987). Social support: Its assessment and relation to children’s adjustment. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Contemporary topics in developmental psychology (pp. 319–349). New York, NY: Wiley.

Yang, K. S. (1981). The formation and change of Chinese personality: A cultural-ecological perspective. Acta Psychologica Taiwanica, 23, 39–55.

Yeh, M. H., & Yang, K. S. (1997). Chinese familism: conceptual analysis and empirical assessment. Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), 83, 169–225. [in Chinese].

Titel: Validation of the Perceived Chinese Overparenting Scale in Emerging Adults in Hong Kong
Auteurs: Janet T. Y. Leung
Daniel T. L. Shek
Publicatiedatum: 04-10-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0880-8

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2018

Teacher and Parent Perceptions of Relational and Physical Aggression During Early Childhood

Ecological Factors that Impact Adjustment Processes and Development of Ugandan Adolescent Immigrant Females

Parent Training and Skill Acquisition and Utilization Among Spanish- and English-Speaking Latino Families

Parenting Style, Discipline, and Parental Psychopathology: Gender Dyadic Interactions in Emerging Adults

Service Characteristics and Family Involvement in an Early Childhood System of Care

The Impact of a Child’s Cancer on the Father’s Relationship with His Spouse in Korea