Top

Gepubliceerd in:

28-07-2017 | Original Paper

Parental Psychological Control and Peer Victimization among Chinese Adolescents: The Effect of Peer Pressure as a Mediator

Auteurs: Liping Sun, Lichan Liang, Yufang Bian

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 12/2017

Abstract

Peer victimization is a serious problem among children and adolescents. Family and peers are two of the most proximal and influential microsystems for children. The present study examined the influence of parental psychological control and peer pressure on peer victimization. According to social learning theory and attachment theory, parent–child interactions may serve as a model of peer interactions. Therefore, we proposed the hypothesis that peer pressure functioned as a mediator in the association between parental psychological control and peer victimization. We tested this hypothesis in a sample of Chinese adolescents and examined whether this mediation model varied by gender. Participants were 2382 seventh grade students (1166 girls and 1216 boys) in Beijing, China. The results showed that both parental psychological control and peer pressure were positively associated with peer victimization in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, peer pressure partially mediated the effect of psychological control on peer victimization. Furthermore, multi-group comparisons showed that gender differences existed in the mediation model. The direct effect of psychological control on peer victimization was a little larger in boys, whereas the indirect effect was larger in girls. The findings suggest that parental psychological control contributes to peer victimization in non-Western culture as well. These findings also improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in peer victimization by interrelating family and peer factors.

vorige artikel Electronic Communication Use and Socio-Emotional Well-Being among Military Youth

volgende artikel Toward Developing Laboratory-Based Parent–Adolescent Conflict Discussion Tasks that Consistently Elicit Adolescent Conflict-Related Stress Responses: Support from Physiology and Observed Behavior

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Ahmad, I. (2009). Mothers’ parenting styles as predictors of Palestinian children’s peer victimization and aggression. Bloomington: Indiana University. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).

Bámaca, M. Y., & Umana-Taylor, A. J. (2006). Testing a model of resistance to peer pressure among Mexican-origin adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 626–640.CrossRef

Bandura, A. (1962). Social learning through imitation. In M. R. Jones (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 211–269). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296–3319.CrossRefPubMed

Barber, B. K., & Harmon, E. L. (2002). Violating the self: Parental psychological control of children and adolescents. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 15–52). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef

Barber, B. K., Stolz, H. E., Olsen, J. A., Collins, W. A., & Burchinal, M. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70 (4), i, v, vii, 1–147.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.CrossRefPubMed

Batanova, M. D., & Loukas, A. (2014). Maternal psychological control and peer victimization in early adolescence: An application of the family relational schema model. Journal of Early Adolescence, 34, 206–228.CrossRef

Bean, R. A., Bush, K. R., McKenry, P. C., Wilson, S. M. (2003). The impact of parental support, behavioral control, and psychological control on the academic achievement and self-esteem of African American and European American adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18, 523–541.CrossRef

Bergeron, N., & Schneider, B. H. (2005). Explaining cross-national differences in peer-directed aggression: A quantitative synthesis. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 116–137.CrossRef

Bolwby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.

Bretherton, I., & Munholland, K. A. (1999). Internal working models in attachment relationships: A construct revisited. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 89–111). New York: Guilford Press.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Chan, S. M., & Chan, K. W. (2013). Adolescents’ susceptibility to peer pressure relations to parent-adolescent relationship and adolescents’ emotional autonomy from parents. Youth & Society, 45, 286–302.CrossRef

Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1111–1119.CrossRefPubMed

Chao, R. K., & Aque, C. (2009). Interpretations of parental control by Asian immigrant and European American youth. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 342–354.CrossRefPubMed

Chen, S., & Yue, G. (2002). Survey on bullying behavior of primary school and middle school students (in Chinese). Psychological Science, 25, 355–356.

Cheng, Y., Newman, I. M., Qu, M., Mbulo, L., Chai, Y., Chen, Y., Shell, D. F. (2010). Being bullied and psychosocial adjustment among middle school students in China. Journal of School Health, 80, 193–199.CrossRefPubMed

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233–255.CrossRef

Clasen, D. R., & Brown, B. B. (1985). The multidimensionality of peer pressure in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 14, 451–468.CrossRefPubMed

Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159.CrossRefPubMed

Costa, S., Soenens, B., Gugliandolo, M. C., Cuzzocrea, F., Larcan, R. (2015). The mediating role of experiences of need satisfaction in associations between parental psychological control and internalizing problems: A study among Italian college students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 1106–1116.CrossRef

Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710–722.CrossRefPubMed

Curran, P. J., West, S. G., Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1, 16–29.CrossRef

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109–134.CrossRef

Dong, Q., & Lin, C. (2011). Standardized tests of the National Children’s Study of China. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese).

Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. In T. Eckes & H. M. Trautner (Eds.), The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 123–174). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

Espelage, D., & Horne, A. (2008). School violence and bullying prevention: From research based explanations to empirically based solutions. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling Psychology (4th ed., pp. 588–606). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H., Hamby, S. L. (2005). The victimization of children and youth: A comprehensive, national survey. Child Maltreatment, 10, 5–25.CrossRefPubMed

Finkenauer, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., Baumeister, R. F. (2005). Parenting behaviour and adolescent behavioural and emotional problems: The role of self-control. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 58–69.CrossRef

Finnegan, R. A., Hodges, E. V. E., Perry, D. G. (1998). Victimization by peers: Associations with children’s reports of mother-child interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1076–1086.CrossRefPubMed

Fisher, H. L., Moffitt, T. E., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Arseneault, L., Caspi, A. (2012). Bullying victimisation and risk of self harm in early adolescence: Longitudinal cohort study. British Medical Journal, 344, e2683.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fox, C. L., & Boulton, M. J. (2006). Longitudinal associations between submissive/nonassertive social behavior and different types of peer victimization. Violence and Victims, 21, 383–400.CrossRefPubMed

Han, S. Y., & Kim, Y. H. (2012). Interpersonal rejection experiences and shame as predictors of susceptibility to peer pressure among Korean children. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 40, 1213–1231.CrossRef

Hawker, D. S. J., & Boulton, M. J. (2000). Twenty years’ research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 441–455.CrossRefPubMed

Hazemba, A., Siziya, S., Muula, A. S., Rudatsikira, E. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of being bullied among in-school adolescents in Beijing: Results from the 2003 Beijing global school-based health survey. Annals of General Psychiatry, 7, 1–6.CrossRef

Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., Van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., Gerris, J. R. M. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 749–775.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hong, J. S., & Espelage, D. L. (2012). A review of research on bullying and peer victimization in school: An ecological system analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 311–322.CrossRef

Hwang, K. K. (1999). Filial piety and loyalty: Two types of social identification in Confucianism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 163–183.CrossRef

Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 366–380.CrossRefPubMed

Klomek, A. B., Sourander, A., Niemelä, S., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J., Tamminen, T., et al. (2009). Childhood bullying behaviors as a risk for suicide attempts and completed suicides: A population-based birth cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 254–261.CrossRefPubMed

Kochenderfer, B. J., & Ladd, G. W. (1996). Peer victimization: cause or consequence of school maladjustment? Child Development, 67, 1305–1317.CrossRefPubMed

Kuppens, S., Grietens, H., Onghena, P., Michiels, D. (2009). Associations between parental control and children’s overt and relational aggression. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27, 607–623.CrossRefPubMed

Lereya, S. T., Samara, M., Wolke, D. (2013). Parenting behavior and the risk of becoming a victim and a bully/victim: A meta-analysis study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 1091–1108.CrossRef

Li, D., Zhang, W., Wang, Y. (2015). Parental behavioral control, psychological control and Chinese adolescents’ peer victimization: The mediating role of self-control. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 628–637.CrossRef

Li, X., Li, D., Newman, J. (2013). Parental behavioral and psychological control and problematic Internet use among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of self-control. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 442–447.CrossRef

Little, R. J. A. (1988). A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83, 1198–1202.CrossRef

Ma, T. L., & Bellmore, A. (2012). Peer victimization and parental psychological control in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 413–424.CrossRefPubMed

Mills, R. S. L., & Rubin, K. H. (1998). Are behavioural and psychological control both differentially associated with childhood aggression and social withdrawal? Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 30, 132–136.CrossRef

Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38, 171–189.CrossRef

Nelson, D. A., & Crick, N. R. (2002). Parental psychological control: implications for childhood physical and relational aggression. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 161–189). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef

Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell.

Paul, J. J., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2003). Dynamics of peer victimization in early adolescence: Results from a four-year longitudinal study. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 19, 25–43.CrossRef

Perry, D. G., Hodges, E. V. E., Egan, S. K. (2001). Determinants of chronic victimization by peers: a review and new model of family influence. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 73–104). New York: Guilford Press.

Perry, D. G., Kusel, S. J., Perry, L. C. (1988). Victims of peer aggression. Developmental Psychology, 24, 807–814.CrossRef

Pomerantz, E. M., & Wang, Q. (2009). The role of parental control in children’s development in Western and East Asian countries. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 285–289.CrossRef

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 717–731.CrossRef

Reijntjes, A., Kamphuis, J. H., Prinzie, P., Telch, M. J. (2010). Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 244–252.CrossRef

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.CrossRefPubMed

Santor, D. A., Messervey, D., Kusumakar, V. (2000). Measuring peer pressure, popularity, and conformity in adolescent boys and girls: predicting school performance, sexual attitudes, and substance abuse. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 163–182.CrossRef

Sapouna, M., & Wolke, D. (2013). Resilience to bullying victimization: The role of individual, family and peer characteristics. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 997–1006.CrossRef

Schwartz, D., Farver, J. M., Chang, L., Lee-Shin, Y. (2002). Victimization in South Korean children’s peer groups. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 113–125.CrossRefPubMed

Shek, D. T. L. (2007). A longitudinal study of perceived differences in parental control and parent-child relational qualities in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22, 156–188.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2008). Perceived parental control and parent-child relational qualities in early adolescents in Hong Kong: Parent gender, child gender and grade differences. Sex Roles, 58, 666–681.CrossRef

Smithyman, T. F., Fireman, G. D., Asher, Y. (2014). Long-term psychosocial consequences of peer victimization: From elementary to high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 29, 64–76.CrossRefPubMed

Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30, 74–99.CrossRef

Sophie, W., & Alina, C. (2016). Risk behaviours. In J. Inchley et al. (Eds.), Growing up unequal: gender and socioeconomic differences in young people’s health and well-being. Health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2013/2014 survey (pp. 145–211). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Ttofi, M. M., Farrington, D. P., Lösel, F., Loeber, R. (2011). Do the victims of school bullies tend to become depressed later in life? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 3, 63–73.CrossRef

Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., Oldehinkel, A. J., De Winter, A. F., Verhulst, F. C., Ormel, J. (2005). Bullying and victimization in elementary schools: A comparison of bullies, victims, bully/victims, and uninvolved preadolescents. Developmental Psychology, 41, 672–682.CrossRefPubMed

Wang, H., Zhou, X., Lu, C., Wu, J., Deng, X., Hong, L., et al. (2012). Adolescent bullying involvement and psychosocial aspects of family and school life: A cross-sectional study from Guangdong Province in China. PloS ONE, 7, e38619.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang, Q., Pomerantz, E. M., Chen, H. (2007). The role of parents’ control in early adolescents’ psychological functioning: A longitudinal investigation in the United States and China. Child Development, 78, 1592–1610.CrossRefPubMed

Werner, L. L. A. A., Van der Graaff, J., Meeus, W. H. J., Branje, S. J. T. (2016). Depressive symptoms in adolescence: Longitudinal links with maternal empathy and psychological control. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 1121–1132.CrossRefPubMed

Yabko, B. A., Hokoda, A., Ulloa, E. C. (2008). Depression as a mediator between family factors and peer-bullying victimization in Latino adolescents. Violence and Victims, 23, 727–742.CrossRefPubMed

Yum, J. O. (1997). The impact of Confucianism on interpersonal relationships and communication patterns in East Asia. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (8th ed., pp. 78–88). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Zhang, W. (2002). Prevalence and major characteristics of bullying/victimization among primary and junior middle school children (in Chinese). Acta Psychologica Sinica, 34, 387–394.

Titel: Parental Psychological Control and Peer Victimization among Chinese Adolescents: The Effect of Peer Pressure as a Mediator
Auteurs: Liping Sun
Lichan Liang
Yufang Bian
Publicatiedatum: 28-07-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 12/2017
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0834-1

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2017

Interparental Conflict and Chinese Adolescents’ Suicide Ideation and Suicide attempts: The Mediating Role of Peer Victimization

Parenting Style and Parent–Child Relationship: A Comparative Study of Indonesian Parents of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Electronic Communication Use and Socio-Emotional Well-Being among Military Youth

General Attitudes Towards Marriage Scale: Psychometric Properties in Malaysian Adolescents of Divorced Families

Associations of Parent-Adolescent Discrepancies in Family Cohesion and Conflict with Adolescent Impairment

Caregivers’ Positive Emotional Expression and Children’s Psychological Functioning after Parental Loss