Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 4/2016

02-11-2015 | Original Paper

Associations Between Attachment Narratives and Self-Report Measures of Attachment in Middle Childhood: Extending Evidence for the Validity of the Child Attachment Interview

Auteurs: Jessica L. Borelli, Jennifer Somers, Jessica L. West, John K. Coffey, Andres De Los Reyes, Yael Shmueli-Goetz

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 4/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The assessment of attachment security in infancy and adulthood is well-studied, but middle childhood has been relatively neglected in the literature. The Child Attachment Interview (CAI) represents a promising assessment of attachment in middle childhood; recent evidence supports its reliability and validity in restricted samples. We assessed the construct validity of the CAI among a diverse sample of 104 8–12 year-old children (M age  = 9.80 years; 50 boys; 49 % family income <$40,000; 38 % Latino/a). We evaluated associations among CAI variables and self-report measures of attachment (convergent validity). Further, we evaluated whether CAI variables uniquely relate to theoretically-relevant constructs (internalizing symptoms) above and beyond self-reported attachment (incremental validity) and a theoretically-distinct construct, child temperament (discriminant validity). Our findings support the CAI’s validity, and have important implications for assessing and understanding attachment processes in middle childhood, as well as their development across the lifespan.
Literatuur
go back to reference Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Armsden, G., & Greenberg, M. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427–454. doi:10.1007/BF02202939.CrossRefPubMed Armsden, G., & Greenberg, M. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427–454. doi:10.​1007/​BF02202939.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Belsky, J., & Rovine, M. (1987). Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: An empirical rapprochement. Child Development, 58, 787–795.CrossRefPubMed Belsky, J., & Rovine, M. (1987). Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: An empirical rapprochement. Child Development, 58, 787–795.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bohlin, G., Hagekull, B., & Rydell, A. M. (2000). Attachment and social functioning: A longitudinal study from infancy to middle childhood. Social Development, 9, 24–39.CrossRef Bohlin, G., Hagekull, B., & Rydell, A. M. (2000). Attachment and social functioning: A longitudinal study from infancy to middle childhood. Social Development, 9, 24–39.CrossRef
go back to reference Borelli, J. L., Crowley, M. J., David, D. H., Sbarra, D. A., Anderson, G. M., & Mayes, L. C. (2010). Attachment and emotion in school-aged children. Emotion, 10(4), 475–485. doi:10.1037/a0018490.CrossRefPubMed Borelli, J. L., Crowley, M. J., David, D. H., Sbarra, D. A., Anderson, G. M., & Mayes, L. C. (2010). Attachment and emotion in school-aged children. Emotion, 10(4), 475–485. doi:10.​1037/​a0018490.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Borelli, J., David, D., Crowley, M., Snavely, J., & Mayes, L. (2013). Dismissing children’s perceptions of their emotional experience and parental care: Preliminary evidence of positive bias. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44, 70–88. doi:10.1007/s10578-012-0310-5.CrossRefPubMed Borelli, J., David, D., Crowley, M., Snavely, J., & Mayes, L. (2013). Dismissing children’s perceptions of their emotional experience and parental care: Preliminary evidence of positive bias. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44, 70–88. doi:10.​1007/​s10578-012-0310-5.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Borelli, J. L., West, J. L., Weekes, N. Y., & Crowley, M. J. (2014). Dismissing child attachment and discordance for subjective and neuroendocrine responses to vulnerability. Developmental Psychobiology, 56, 584–591. doi:10.1002/dev.21107.CrossRefPubMed Borelli, J. L., West, J. L., Weekes, N. Y., & Crowley, M. J. (2014). Dismissing child attachment and discordance for subjective and neuroendocrine responses to vulnerability. Developmental Psychobiology, 56, 584–591. doi:10.​1002/​dev.​21107.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bosmans, G., & Kerns, K. A. (2015). Attachment in middle childhood: Progress and prospects. New directions for child and adolescent development, 148, 1–14. Bosmans, G., & Kerns, K. A. (2015). Attachment in middle childhood: Progress and prospects. New directions for child and adolescent development, 148, 1–14.
go back to reference Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, vol. 3: Loss, sadness and depression. New York, NY: Basic Books. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, vol. 3: Loss, sadness and depression. New York, NY: Basic Books.
go back to reference Brenning, K., Soenens, B., Braet, C., & Bosmans, G. (2011). An adaptation of the experiences in close relationships scale-revised for use with children and adolescents. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28(8), 1048–1072. doi:10.1177/0265407511402418.CrossRef Brenning, K., Soenens, B., Braet, C., & Bosmans, G. (2011). An adaptation of the experiences in close relationships scale-revised for use with children and adolescents. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28(8), 1048–1072. doi:10.​1177/​0265407511402418​.CrossRef
go back to reference Brenning, K., Van Petegem, S., Vanhalst, J., & Soenens, B. (2014). The psychometric qualities of a short version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised Child version. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 118–123.CrossRef Brenning, K., Van Petegem, S., Vanhalst, J., & Soenens, B. (2014). The psychometric qualities of a short version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised Child version. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 118–123.CrossRef
go back to reference Brocki, K.C., & Bohlin, G. (2004). Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: a dimensional and developmental study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26(2), 571–593. Brocki, K.C., & Bohlin, G. (2004). Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: a dimensional and developmental study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26(2), 571–593.
go back to reference Brumariu, L., & Kerns, K. (2010). Parent–child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A review of empirical findings and future directions. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 177–203. doi:10.1017/S0954579409990344.CrossRefPubMed Brumariu, L., & Kerns, K. (2010). Parent–child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A review of empirical findings and future directions. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 177–203. doi:10.​1017/​S095457940999034​4.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Diener, M., Isabella, R., Behunin, M., & Wong, M. (2008). Attachment to mothers and fathers during middle childhood: Associations with child gender, grade, and competence. Social Development, 17(1), 84–101. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00416.x. Diener, M., Isabella, R., Behunin, M., & Wong, M. (2008). Attachment to mothers and fathers during middle childhood: Associations with child gender, grade, and competence. Social Development, 17(1), 84–101. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1467-9507.​2007.​00416.​x.
go back to reference Ellis, L. K., & Rothbart, M. K. (2001). Revision of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN. Ellis, L. K., & Rothbart, M. K. (2001). Revision of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN.
go back to reference Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A. M., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81(2), 435–456.CrossRefPubMed Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A. M., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81(2), 435–456.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fonagy, P., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1991). Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant–mother attachment at 1 year of age. Child Development, 62, 891–905.CrossRefPubMed Fonagy, P., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1991). Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant–mother attachment at 1 year of age. Child Development, 62, 891–905.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fraley, R., & Spieker, S. (2003). Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically distributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior. Developmental Psychology, 39, 387–404.CrossRefPubMed Fraley, R., & Spieker, S. (2003). Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically distributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior. Developmental Psychology, 39, 387–404.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). Adult Attachment Interview protocol. Berkeley: University of California. George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). Adult Attachment Interview protocol. Berkeley: University of California.
go back to reference Granot, D., & Mayseless, O. (2001). Attachment security and adjustment to school in middle childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25(6), 530–541.CrossRef Granot, D., & Mayseless, O. (2001). Attachment security and adjustment to school in middle childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25(6), 530–541.CrossRef
go back to reference Hesse, E. (2008). The Adult Attachment Interview: Protocol, method of analysis, and empirical studies. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 552–598). New York: Guilford Press. Hesse, E. (2008). The Adult Attachment Interview: Protocol, method of analysis, and empirical studies. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 552–598). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Jacobvitz, D., Curran, Melissa, & Moller, N. (2002). Measurement of adult attachment: The place of self-report and interview methodologies. Attachment & Human Development, 4(2), 207–215.CrossRef Jacobvitz, D., Curran, Melissa, & Moller, N. (2002). Measurement of adult attachment: The place of self-report and interview methodologies. Attachment & Human Development, 4(2), 207–215.CrossRef
go back to reference Kagan, J. (2011). Bringing up baby: Are we too attached? Psychotherapy Networker, 35, 50–51. Kagan, J. (2011). Bringing up baby: Are we too attached? Psychotherapy Networker, 35, 50–51.
go back to reference Kerns, K. A. (2008). Attachment in middle childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 366–382). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Kerns, K. A. (2008). Attachment in middle childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 366–382). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Kerns, K. A., Klepac, L., & Cole, A. (1996). Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the child mother relationship. Developmental Psychology, 32, 457–466.CrossRef Kerns, K. A., Klepac, L., & Cole, A. (1996). Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the child mother relationship. Developmental Psychology, 32, 457–466.CrossRef
go back to reference Kobak, R. R., & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in late adolescence: Working models, affect regulation, and representations of self and others. Child Development, 59(1), 135–146. doi:10.2307/1130395.CrossRefPubMed Kobak, R. R., & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in late adolescence: Working models, affect regulation, and representations of self and others. Child Development, 59(1), 135–146. doi:10.​2307/​1130395.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kovacs, M. (1992). The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) manual. New York: Multi Health Systems. Kovacs, M. (1992). The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) manual. New York: Multi Health Systems.
go back to reference Lieberman, M., Doyle, A., & Markiewicz, D. (1999). Developmental patterns in security of attachment to mother and father in late childhood and early adolescence: Associations with peer relations. Child Development, 70(1), 202–213. (PMID: 10191523).CrossRefPubMed Lieberman, M., Doyle, A., & Markiewicz, D. (1999). Developmental patterns in security of attachment to mother and father in late childhood and early adolescence: Associations with peer relations. Child Development, 70(1), 202–213. (PMID: 10191523).CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Madigan, S., Atkinson, L., Laurin, K., & Benoit, D. (2012). Attachment and internalizing behavior in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 49, 672–689. doi:10.1037/a0028793.CrossRefPubMed Madigan, S., Atkinson, L., Laurin, K., & Benoit, D. (2012). Attachment and internalizing behavior in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 49, 672–689. doi:10.​1037/​a0028793.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference March, J. S., Parker, J. D. A., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 554–565. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019.CrossRefPubMed March, J. S., Parker, J. D. A., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 554–565. doi:10.​1097/​00004583-199704000-00019.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Muris, P., Mayer, B., & Meesters, C. (2000). Self-reported attachment style, anxiety, and depression in children. Social Behavior and Personality, 28, 157–162.CrossRef Muris, P., Mayer, B., & Meesters, C. (2000). Self-reported attachment style, anxiety, and depression in children. Social Behavior and Personality, 28, 157–162.CrossRef
go back to reference Muris, P., & Meesters, C. (2009). Reactive and regulative temperament in youths: Psychometric evaluation of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-revised. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 7–19. doi:10.1007/s10862-008-9089-x.CrossRef Muris, P., & Meesters, C. (2009). Reactive and regulative temperament in youths: Psychometric evaluation of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-revised. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 7–19. doi:10.​1007/​s10862-008-9089-x.CrossRef
go back to reference Psouni, E., & Apetroaia, A. (2014). Measuring scripted attachment-related knowledge in middle childhood: The secure base script test. Attachment & Human Development, 16(1), 22–41.CrossRef Psouni, E., & Apetroaia, A. (2014). Measuring scripted attachment-related knowledge in middle childhood: The secure base script test. Attachment & Human Development, 16(1), 22–41.CrossRef
go back to reference Raby, K. L., Cicchetti, D., Carlson, E. A., Cutuli, J. J., Englund, M. M., & Egeland, B. (2012). Genetic and caregiving-based contributions to infant attachment unique associations with distress reactivity and attachment security. Psychological Science, 23(9), 1016–1023. doi:10.1177/0956797612438265.CrossRefPubMed Raby, K. L., Cicchetti, D., Carlson, E. A., Cutuli, J. J., Englund, M. M., & Egeland, B. (2012). Genetic and caregiving-based contributions to infant attachment unique associations with distress reactivity and attachment security. Psychological Science, 23(9), 1016–1023. doi:10.​1177/​0956797612438265​.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Roisman, G., Fraley, R., & Belsky, J. (2007). A taxometric study of the Adult Attachment Interview. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 675–686.CrossRefPubMed Roisman, G., Fraley, R., & Belsky, J. (2007). A taxometric study of the Adult Attachment Interview. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 675–686.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Shmueli-Goetz, Y. (2014). The Child Attachment Interview (CAI). In S. Farnfield & P. Holmes (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of attachment: Assessment (pp. 119–132). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. Shmueli-Goetz, Y. (2014). The Child Attachment Interview (CAI). In S. Farnfield & P. Holmes (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of attachment: Assessment (pp. 119–132). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
go back to reference Shmueli-Goetz, Y., Target, M., Datta, A., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Child Attachment Interview (CAI) coding and classification manual, version V. London: The Sub-Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University College London. Shmueli-Goetz, Y., Target, M., Datta, A., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Child Attachment Interview (CAI) coding and classification manual, version V. London: The Sub-Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University College London.
go back to reference Slough, N., & Greenberg, M. (1990). Five-year-old representation from patients: Responses from the perspective of self and other. In I. Bretherton & M. Watson (Eds.), New directions for child development (pp. 67–84). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Slough, N., & Greenberg, M. (1990). Five-year-old representation from patients: Responses from the perspective of self and other. In I. Bretherton & M. Watson (Eds.), New directions for child development (pp. 67–84). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
go back to reference Sroufe, L. A. (1985). Attachment classification from the perspective of infant–caregiver relationships and infant temperament. Child Development, 56(1), 1–14.PubMed Sroufe, L. A. (1985). Attachment classification from the perspective of infant–caregiver relationships and infant temperament. Child Development, 56(1), 1–14.PubMed
go back to reference Sroufe, L. A., & Siegel, D. (2011). The verdict is in: The case for attachment theory. Psychotherapy Networker, 35(34–39), 52–53. Sroufe, L. A., & Siegel, D. (2011). The verdict is in: The case for attachment theory. Psychotherapy Networker, 35(34–39), 52–53.
go back to reference Steele, H. (2015). Commentary—Attachment in middle childhood: Looking back, forward, and within. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 148, 99–104. Steele, H. (2015). Commentary—Attachment in middle childhood: Looking back, forward, and within. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 148, 99–104.
go back to reference Target, M., Fonagy, F., & Shmueli-Goetz, Y. (2003). Attachment representation in school-age children: The development of the Child Attachment Interview (CAI). Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 29, 171–186. doi:10.1080/0075417031000138433.CrossRef Target, M., Fonagy, F., & Shmueli-Goetz, Y. (2003). Attachment representation in school-age children: The development of the Child Attachment Interview (CAI). Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 29, 171–186. doi:10.​1080/​0075417031000138​433.CrossRef
go back to reference van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (1997). Intergenerational transmission of attachment: A move to the contextual level. In L. Atkinson & K. J. Zucker (Eds.), Attachment and psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press. van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (1997). Intergenerational transmission of attachment: A move to the contextual level. In L. Atkinson & K. J. Zucker (Eds.), Attachment and psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Vaughn, B. E., Bost, K. K., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2008). Attachment and temperament: Additive and interactive influences on behavior, affect, and cognition during infancy and childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 192–216). New York: Guilford Press. Vaughn, B. E., Bost, K. K., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2008). Attachment and temperament: Additive and interactive influences on behavior, affect, and cognition during infancy and childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 192–216). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Venta, A., Shmueli-Goetz, Y., & Sharp, C. (2014). Assessing attachment in adolescence: A psychometric study of the Child Attachment Interview. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 238–255. doi:10.1037/a0034712.CrossRefPubMed Venta, A., Shmueli-Goetz, Y., & Sharp, C. (2014). Assessing attachment in adolescence: A psychometric study of the Child Attachment Interview. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 238–255. doi:10.​1037/​a0034712.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Waters, T. E. A., Bosmans, G., Vandevivere, E., Dujardin, A., & Waters, H. S. (2015). Secure base representations in middle childhood across two Western cultures: Associations with parental attachment representations and maternal reports of behavior problems. Developmental Psychology, 51(8), 1013–1025.CrossRefPubMed Waters, T. E. A., Bosmans, G., Vandevivere, E., Dujardin, A., & Waters, H. S. (2015). Secure base representations in middle childhood across two Western cultures: Associations with parental attachment representations and maternal reports of behavior problems. Developmental Psychology, 51(8), 1013–1025.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Associations Between Attachment Narratives and Self-Report Measures of Attachment in Middle Childhood: Extending Evidence for the Validity of the Child Attachment Interview
Auteurs
Jessica L. Borelli
Jennifer Somers
Jessica L. West
John K. Coffey
Andres De Los Reyes
Yael Shmueli-Goetz
Publicatiedatum
02-11-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0310-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2016

Journal of Child and Family Studies 4/2016 Naar de uitgave