Top

Gepubliceerd in:

11-04-2015 | Original Paper

Identifying Heightened Risk for Posttraumatic Symptoms Among Maltreated Youth

Auteurs: Emma H. Ross, Christopher A. Kearney

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 12/2015

Abstract

Negative posttraumatic cognitions, dissociation, and depression may be key risk factors for PTSD symptoms in traumatized children. However, less information is available regarding how these factors may impact PTSD symptoms in maltreated youth in particular. The present study examined the relationship between (1) negative posttraumatic cognitions, dissociation, and depression and (2) posttraumatic symptom levels in maltreated youth via structural equation modeling. Further modeling was examined across IQ level, gender, age, ethnicity, and maltreatment type. Participants (n = 360) included maltreated youth from Department of Family Services-related sites. Negative posttraumatic cognitions, dissociation, and depression were associated with heightened posttraumatic symptoms. Model fit remained best with respect to age group (older youth), ethnicity (African American and multiracial status), and maltreatment type (sexual maltreatment and neglect), but varied little across IQ and gender. Specific individual characteristics may thus exacerbate risk for PTSD symptoms in maltreated youth.

vorige artikel Parenting Adolescents: Developing Strategies for FIFO Parents

volgende artikel Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Service Use Among First-Time Juvenile Offenders

Arata, C. M., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Bowers, D., & O’Brien, N. (2007). Differential correlates of multi-type maltreatment among urban youth. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 393–415. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.09.006.CrossRefPubMed

Armstrong, J. G., Putnam, F. W., Carlson, E. B., Libero, D. Z., & Smith, S. R. (1997). Development and validation of a measure of adolescent dissociation: The Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 491–497. doi:10.1097/00005053-199708000-00003.CrossRefPubMed

Barlow, M. R., & Goldsmith, R. E. (2014). Childhood trauma and active mental processes: Dissociation and metacognition influence control of negative thoughts. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 7, 131–140. doi:10.1007/s40653-014-0010-3.CrossRef

Bolger, K. E., & Patterson, C. J. (2003). Sequelae of child maltreatment: Vulnerability and resilience. In S. S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities (pp. 156–181). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Bomyea, J., Risbrough, V., & Lang, A. J. (2012). A consideration of select pre-trauma factors as key vulnerabilities in PTSD. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 630–641. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.008.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. R. (2000). A second look at comorbidity in victims of trauma: The posttraumatic stress disorder–major depression connection. Biological Psychiatry, 48(9), 902–909. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00933-1.CrossRefPubMed

Breslau, N., Koenen, K. C., Luo, Z., Agnew-Blais, J., Swanson, S., Houts, R. M., et al. (2014). Childhood maltreatment, juvenile disorders and adult post-traumatic stress disorder: A prospective investigation. Psychological Medicine, 44, 1937–1945. doi:10.1017/S0033291713002651.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Brown, T. H., Mellman, T. A., Alfano, C. A., & Weems, C. F. (2011). Sleep fears, sleep disturbance, and PTSD symptoms in minority youth exposed to Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24, 575–580. doi:10.1002/jts.20680.CrossRefPubMed

Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., et al. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390–398.

De Bellis, M. D., Hooper, S. R., Spratt, E. G., & Woolley, D. P. (2009). Neuropsychological findings in childhood neglect and their relationships to pediatric PTSD. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 868–878.PubMedCentralCrossRef

DiGangi, J. A., Gomez, D., Mendoza, L., Jason, L. A., Keys, C. B., & Koenen, K. C. (2013). Pretrauma risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 728–744. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.002.CrossRefPubMed

Dorahy, M. J., Middleton, W., Seager, L., McGurrin, P., Williams, M., & Chambers, R. (2015). Dissociation, shame, complex PTSD, child maltreatment and intimate relationship self-concept in dissociative disorder, chronic PTSD and mixed psychiatric groups. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 195–203. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.008.CrossRef

Dyregrov, A., & Yule, W. (2006). A review of PTSD in children. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 11, 176–184. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2005.00384.x.CrossRef

Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319–345. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0.CrossRefPubMed

Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11, 303–314. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.303.CrossRef

Ford, J. D. (2005). Treatment implications of altered affect regulation and information processing following child maltreatment. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 410–419.

Goenjian, A. K., Molina, L., Steinberg, A. M., Fairbanks, L. A., Alvarez, M. L., Goenjian, H. A., & Pynoos, R. S. (2001). Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among Nicaraguan adolescents after Hurricane Mitch. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 788–794. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.788.CrossRefPubMed

Kearney, C. A., Wechsler, A., Kaur, H., & Lemos-Miller, A. (2010). Posttraumatic stress disorder in maltreated youth: A review of contemporary research and thought. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13, 46–76. doi:10.1007/s10567-009-0061-4.CrossRefPubMed

Kemp, M., Drummond, P., & McDermott, B. (2010). A wait-list controlled pilot study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms from motor vehicle accidents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 15, 5–25. doi:10.1177/1359104509339086.CrossRefPubMed

Kenny, M. C., & McEachern, A. G. (2000). Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors of childhood sexual abuse: A selected review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 905–922. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00022-7.CrossRefPubMed

Kira, I., Lewandowski, L., Somers, C. L., Yoon, J. S., & Chiodo, L. (2012). The effects of trauma types, cumulative trauma, and PTSD on IQ in two highly traumatized adolescent groups. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4, 128–139. doi:10.1037/a0022121.CrossRef

Kleim, B., Ehring, T., & Ehlers, A. (2012). Perceptual processing advantages for trauma-related visual cues in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine, 42, 173–181. doi:10.1017/S0033291711001048.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

Kolko, D. J., Hurlburt, M. S., Zhang, J., Barth, R. P., Leslie, L. K., & Burns, B. J. (2010). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and adolescents referred for child welfare investigation: A national sample of in-home and out-of-home care. Child Maltreatment, 15, 48–63. doi:10.1177/1077559509337892.CrossRefPubMed

Kovacs, M. (1992). The children’s depression inventory. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.

Lancaster, S. L., Rodriguez, B. F., & Weston, R. (2011). Path analytic examination of a cognitive model of PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 194–201. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.002.CrossRefPubMed

Lanius, U. F., Paulsen, S. L., & Corrigan, F. M. (Eds.). (2014). Neurobiology and treatment of traumatic dissociation: Toward an embodied self. New York: Springer.

Lemos-Miller, A., & Kearney, C. A. (2006). Depression and ethnicity as intermediary variables among dissociation, trauma-related cognitions, and PTSD symptomatology in youth. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 584–590. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000230407.12687.ba.CrossRefPubMed

Mehta, D., Klengel, T., Conneely, K. N., Smith, A. K., Altmann, A., Pace, T. W., et al. (2013). Childhood maltreatment is associated with distinct genomic and epigenetic profiles in posttraumatic stress disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 8302–8307. doi:10.1073/pnas.1217750110.CrossRef

Milot, T., Plamondon, A., Ethier, L. S., Lemelin, J.-P., St-Laurent, D., & Rousseau, M. (2013). Validity of CBCL-derived PTSD and dissociation scales: Further evidence in a sample of neglected children and adolescents. Child Maltreatment, 18, 122–128. doi:10.1177/1077559513490246.CrossRefPubMed

Murry, V., Smith, E., & Hill, N. E. (2001). Race, ethnicity, and culture in studies of families in context. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 911–914. doi:10.1111/j.1741-37372001.00911.x.CrossRef

Palosaari, E., Punamaki, R.-L., Diab, M., & Qouta, S. (2013). Posttraumatic cognitions and posttraumatic stress symptoms among war-affected children: A cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 656–661.CrossRefPubMed

Romero, S., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D., Goldstein, T., Goldstein, B. I., Gill, M., et al. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of physical and sexual abuse in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 112, 144–150.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Saigh, P. A., Yasik, A. E., Oberfield, R. A., Green, B. L., Halamandaris, P. V., Rubenstein, H., et al. (2000). The children’s PTSD inventory: Development and reliability. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 369–380. doi:10.1023/A:1007750021626.CrossRefPubMed

Schoedl, A. F., Costa, M. C. P., Mari, J. J., Mello, M. F., Tyrka, A. R., Carpenter, L. L., & Price, L. H. (2010). The clinical correlates of reported childhood sexual abuse: An association between age at trauma onset and severity of depression and PTSD in adults. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19, 156–170. doi:10.1080/10538711003615038.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Schwarz, C. J. (2007). Sampling, regression, experimental design and analysis for environmental scientists, biologists, and resource managers. Burnaby: Simon Fraser University.

Schweizer, S., & Dalgleish, T. (2011). Emotional working memory capacity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 498–504. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.05.007.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 69–74. doi:10.1016/t.tics.2004.12.005.CrossRefPubMed

Trickey, D., Siddaway, A. P., Meiser-Stedman, R., Serpell, L., & Field, A. P. (2012). A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 122–138. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.12.001.CrossRefPubMed

Triffleman, E. G., & Pole, N. (2010). Future directions in studies of trauma among ethnoracial and sexual minority samples: Commentary. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 490–497. doi:10.1037/a0020225.CrossRefPubMed

Tummala-Narra, P. (2007). Conceptualizing trauma and resilience across diverse contexts: A multicultural perspective. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 14, 33–53. doi:10.1300/J146v14n01_03.CrossRef

Walker, J. L., Carey, P. D., Mohr, N. N., Stein, D. J., & Seedat, S. (2004). Gender differences in the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and in the development of pediatric PTSD. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 7, 111–121. doi:10.1007/s00737-003-0039-z.CrossRefPubMed

Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler intelligence scale for children (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Pearson Education.

Williams, P. E., Weiss, L. G., & Rolfhus, E. L. (2003). WISC-IV technical report #2 psychometric properties. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. http://www.pearsonassessments.com/hai/Images/pdf/wisciv/WISCIVTechReport2.pdf.

Titel: Identifying Heightened Risk for Posttraumatic Symptoms Among Maltreated Youth
Auteurs: Emma H. Ross
Christopher A. Kearney
Publicatiedatum: 11-04-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 12/2015
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0184-9

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2015

The Perceived Role of Parental Support and Pressure in the Interplay of Test Anxiety and School Engagement Among Adolescents: Evidence for Gender-Specific Relations

Parenting and Children’s Internalizing Symptoms: How Important are Parents?

Convergent Validity of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale for Youth in Community Mental Health Settings

Investigating Relationships Between Paternal Perception of the Role of the Father and Paternal Feeding Practices

Transforming Parent–Child Interaction in Family Routines: Longitudinal Analysis with Families of Children with Developmental Disabilities

Parent–Child Connectedness Mediates the Association Between Marital Conflict and Children’s Internalizing/Externalizing Outcomes