Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-07-2013 | Original Paper

Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analyses of Parental Authority Questionnaire in Urban India

Auteurs: Vaishali V. Raval, Rose Marie Ward, Pratiksha H. Raval, Shwetang S. Trivedi

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 5/2013

Abstract

The present study examined the factor structure of a widely used measure of parenting style in three samples from Northwestern India. College Students (n = 195) completed Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ; Buri in J Pers Assess 57:110–119, 1991), and mothers of children attending high-school (n = 275), and middle-school (n = 145) completed its parent-report version Parental Authority Questionnaire-Revised (PAQ-R; Reitman et al. in J Psychopathol Behav Assess 24:119–127, 2002). Preliminary findings revealed that across three samples Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from poor to acceptable, with permissive parenting subscale of the PAQ/PAQ-R having the lowest value, whereas the authoritarian parenting had the highest value. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that none of the models achieved satisfactory fit (i.e., CFI > .90). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that a two factor structure (with first component consisting of authoritative and permissive items, and the second component consisting of authoritarian items) rendered Cronbach’s alpha in the acceptable range. Only PAQ/PAQ-R authoritarian scale was correlated with youth adjustment problems across all three samples, while findings concerning authoritative and permissive scales were mixed. The findings suggest that only PAQ/PAQ-R authoritarian scale is reliable and valid in urban, middle-class, educated families in India, and encourage researchers to develop culturally relevant measures of parenting for this population.

vorige artikel “My Culture, My Family, My School, Me”: Identifying Strengths and Challenges in the Lives and Communities of American Indian Youth

volgende artikel Youth Mental Illness and the Family: Parents’ Loss and Grief

Achenbach, T. M. (2001). The child behavior checklist for ages 6–18. Burlington, VT: ASEBA, University of Vermont.

Adalbjarnardottir, S., & Hafsteinsson, L. G. (2001). Adolescents’ perceived parenting styles and their substance use: Concurrent and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 401–423.CrossRef

Anastassi, A. (1988). Psychological testing (6th ed.). New York: MacMillan.

Anton, W. D., & Reed, J. R. (1991). College Adjustment Scales: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887–907.CrossRef

Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monograph 4(1), pt. 2, 1–102.

Baumrind, D. (1991). Parenting styles and adolescent development. In A. C. Peterson & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), The encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 746–758). New York: Garland.

Bentler, P. M., & Bonnet, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606.CrossRef

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental Authority Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(1), 110–119.PubMedCrossRef

Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 4(65), 1111–1119.CrossRef

Chao, R. K. (2000). The parenting of immigrant Chinese and White American mothers: Relations between parenting styles, socialization goals, and parental practices. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21(2), 233–248.CrossRef

Chao, R. K. (2001). Extending research on the consequences of parenting style for Chinese Americans and White Americans. Child Development, 72, 1832–1843.PubMedCrossRef

Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496.CrossRef

Dornbusch, S., Ritter, P., Liederman, P., Roberts, D., & Fraleigh, M. (1987). The relation of parenting style to adolescent school performance. Child Development, 58, 1244–1257.PubMedCrossRef

Foster, S. L., & Cone, J. D. (1995). Validity issues in clinical assessment. Psychological Assessment, 7, 248–260.CrossRef

Garg, R., Levin, E., Urajnik, D., & Kauppi, C. (2005). Parenting style and academic achievement for East Indian and Canadian adolescents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 36, 653–661.

Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179–185.PubMedCrossRef

Jambunathan, S., & Counselman, K. P. (2002). Parenting attitudes of Asian Indian mothers living in the United States and in India. Early Child Development and Care, 172, 657–662.CrossRef

Kim, K. H. (2005). The relation among fit indexes, power, and sample size in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 12(3), 368–390.CrossRef

Lamborn, S. D., Mounts, N. S., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 62(5), 1049–1065.PubMedCrossRef

Leung, K., Lau, S., & Lam, W. L. (1998). Parenting styles and achievement: A cross-cultural study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 44, 157–172.

Maccoby, E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1–10.CrossRef

Pong, S. L., Hao, L., & Gardner, E. (2005). The roles of parenting styles and social capital of immigrant Asian and Hispanic adolescents. Social Science Quarterly, 86(4), 928–949.CrossRef

Pong, S., Jonhnston, J., & Chen, V. (2010). Authoritarian parenting and Asian adolescent school performance: Insights from the US and Taiwan. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34, 62–72.CrossRef

Rao, N., McHale, J. P., & Pearson, E. (2003). Links between socialization goals and child-rearing practices in Chinese and Indian mothers. Infant and Child Development, 12, 475–492.CrossRef

Raval, P., Raval, V. V., Panchal, I., & Chakravorty, T. (2003). Gujarati adaptation of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18. Poster presented at the 111th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, ON.

Reitman, D., Rhode, P., Hupp, S. D., & Altobello, C. (2002). Development and validation of Parental Authority Questionnaire-Revised. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(2), 119–127.CrossRef

Rose, G. M., Dalakas, V., & Kropp, F. (2003). Consumer socialization and parental style across cultures: Findings from Australia, Greece, and India. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(4), 366–376.CrossRef

Rudy, D., & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist groups: Associations with maternal emotion and cognition and children’s self-esteem. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 68–78.PubMedCrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (1999). Parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being: A longitudinal study in a Chinese context. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 125, 27–44.PubMed

Steinberg, L., Dornbusch, S., & Brown, B. (1992). Ethnic differences in adolescent achievement: An ecological perspective. American Psychologist, 47, 723–729.PubMedCrossRef

Steinberg, L., Elmen, J., & Mounts, N. (1989). Authoritative parenting, psychosocial maturity, and academic success among adolescents. Child Development, 60, 1424–1436.PubMedCrossRef

Velicer, W. F. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika, 41, 321–327.CrossRef

Zwick, W. R., & Velicer, W. F. (1986). Factor influencing five rules for determining the number of components to retain. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 432–442.CrossRef

Titel: Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analyses of Parental Authority Questionnaire in Urban India
Auteurs: Vaishali V. Raval
Rose Marie Ward
Pratiksha H. Raval
Shwetang S. Trivedi
Publicatiedatum: 01-07-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 5/2013
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9624-y

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2013

Development and Validation of a Quantitative Measure of Intensive Parenting Attitudes

Insight into the Parenthood Paradox: Mental Health Outcomes of Intensive Mothering

A Brief Parenting Intervention to Enhance the Parent–Child Relationship in Hong Kong: Harmony@Home

“My Culture, My Family, My School, Me”: Identifying Strengths and Challenges in the Lives and Communities of American Indian Youth

Older Adolescents’ Self-Determined Motivations to Disclose Their HIV Status

Perceptions of Parenting Style Among College Students in India and the United States