Skip to main content
Log in

Fathering Behavior and Emerging Adult Romantic Relationship Quality: Individual and Constellations of Behavior

  • Published:
Journal of Adult Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Based on attachment, socialization, and social learning theories, it was hypothesized that fathers’ parenting style and fathers’ specific behaviors would be related to emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality. These hypotheses were partially supported. Hierarchical regression analyses examined one hundred twenty-eight 18- and 19-year-olds in romantic relationships. For males, more paternal warmth and less psychological control were related to more support in a romantic relationship. For both males and females, more psychological control was related to more relationship conflict. Additionally, for males, perceptions of better paternal attentiveness, praise and affection, time and talking, mother support, and school encouragement were related to more relationship support, as was more global father involvement. Perceptions of better attentiveness and school encouragement were related to more depth in romantic relationships for males. The original 9-factor structure of Hawkins et al.’s (J Men’s Stud 10:183–196, 2002) Inventory of Father Involvement was not confirmed for offspring reports. However, an 8-factor structure with one second-order factor was supported.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46, 333–341. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.46.4.333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1978). The self system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33, 344–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1991). Parenting styles and adolescent development. In R. M. Lerner, A. C. Petersen, & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (Vol. 2, pp. 746–758). New York: Garland Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71, 127–136. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conger, R. D., Cui, M., Bryant, C. M., & Elder, G. H, Jr. (2000). Competence in early adult romantic relationships: A developmental perspective on family influences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 224–237. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.79.2.224.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Goede, I. H. A., Branje, S., van Duin, J., VanderValk, I. E., & Meeus, W. (2012). Romantic relationship commitment and its linkage with commitment to parents and friends during adolescence. Social Development, 21, 425–442. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00633.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donnellan, M. B., Larsen-Rife, D., & Conger, R. D. (2005). Personality, family history, and competence in early adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 562–576. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.562.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, S. S., Gowen, L. K., & Fisher, L. (1998). Family relationships and gender as predictors of romantic intimacy in young adults: A longitudinal study. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, 263–286. doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0802_5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fite, J. E., Bates, J. E., Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Dodge, K. A., Nay, S. Y., & Pettit, G. S. (2008). Social information processing mediates the intergenerational transmission of aggressiveness in romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 367–376. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.367.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flouri, E., & Buchanan, A. (2002). What predicts good relationships with parents in adolescence and partners in adult life: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 186–198. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.16.2.186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Children’s perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 21, 1016–1024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, A. J., Bradford, K. P., Palkovitz, R., Christiansen, S. L., Day, R. D., & Call, V. R. A. (2002). The inventory of father involvement: A pilot study of a new measure of father involvement. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 10, 183–196. doi:10.3149/jms.1002.183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, J., Ellis, B. J., Schlomer, G. L., & Garber, J. (2012). Sex-specific pathways to early puberty, sexual debut, and sexual risk taking: Tests of an integrated evolutionary–developmental model. Developmental Psychology, 48, 687–702. doi:10.1037/a0026427.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, E. J., Conger, R. D., Lorenz, F. O., & Elder, G. H, Jr. (2001). Parent-adolescent reciprocity in negative affect and its relations to early adult social development. Developmental Psychology, 37, 775–790. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.6.775.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H. Y., Pears, K. C., Capaldi, D. M., & Owen, L. D. (2009). Emotion disregulation in the intergenerational transmission of romantic relationship conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 585–595. doi:10.1037/a0015935.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent–child interaction. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margolies, P. J., & Weintraub, S. (1977). The revised 56-item CRPBI as a research instrument: Reliability and factor structure. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 472–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglio, W., Day, R. D., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Exploring fatherhood diversity: Implications for conceptualizing father involvement. Marriage & Family Review, 29, 269–293. doi:10.1300/J002v29n04_03.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palkovitz, R. (2002). Involved fathering and child development: Advancing our understanding of good fathering. In C. S. Tamis-LeMonda & N. Cabrera (Eds.), Handbook of father involvement: Multidisciplinary perspectives (pp. 119–140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. R., Sarason, I. G., & Sarason, B. R. (1991). General and relationship-based perceptions of social support: Are two constructs better than one? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 1028–1039. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.6.1028.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Children’s reports of parental behavior: An inventory. Child Development, 36, 413–424. doi:10.2307/1126465.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schludermann, E., & Schludermann, S. (1970). Replicability of factors in children’s report of parent behavior (CRPBI). The Journal of Psychology, 76, 239–249. doi:10.1080/00223980.1970.9916845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schludermann, S., & Schludermann, E. (1983). Sociocultural change and adolescents’ perceptions of parent behavior. Developmental Psychology, 19, 674–685. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.19.5.674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seiffge-Krenke, I., Shulman, S., & Klessinger, N. (2001). Adolescent precursors of romantic relationships in young adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 327–346. doi:10.1177/0265407501183002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, C. M., & Richmond, M. K. (2007). Longitudinal associations between hostility in adolescents’ family relationships and friendships and hostility in their romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 490–497. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.3.490.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verhofstadt, L. L., Buysse, A., Rosseel, Y., & Penne, O. J. (2006). Confirming the three-factor structure of the Quality of Relationships Inventory within couples. Psychological Assessment, 18, 15–21. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.1.15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whitton, S. W., Waldinger, R. J., Schulz, M. S., Allen, J. P., Crowell, J. A., & Hauser, S. T. (2008). Prospective associations from family-of-origin interactions to adult marital interactions and relationship adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 274–286. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.274.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer K. Karre.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karre, J.K. Fathering Behavior and Emerging Adult Romantic Relationship Quality: Individual and Constellations of Behavior. J Adult Dev 22, 148–158 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-015-9208-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-015-9208-3

Keywords

Navigation