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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

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13-06-2020 | Letter to the Editor

Can a Person be ‘A Bit Autistic’? A Response to Francesca Happé and Uta Frith

Auteurs: Nick Chown, Julia Leatherland

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 2/2021

Excerpt

As one would expect from two such autism research luminaries, the annual research review put together by Happé and Frith (2020) is an exemplary piece of work. This response relates to one point they make, that others might see as a passing mention, which we regard as being of particular importance, and also to some of the terminology used. …

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Livingston and Happé (2017, p. 731) define ‘compensation’ as ‘the processes contributing to improved behavioural presentation of a neurodevelopmental disorder, despite persisting core deficit(s) at cognitive and/or neurobiological levels’. They propose that compensation is modulated by the environment via ‘environmental scaffolding’ (an environment that is naturally autism-friendly such as where social rules are explicit) and ‘environmental accommodation’ (where an individual self-selects an environment that suits them).

Happé and Frith (2020, p. 7) write that, ‘Cognitively autism may present a qualitative difference in some respects and not in others’. We are strongly of the view that there are sufficient significant qualitative differences (as well as many similarities) between autistic cognition and non-autistic cognition, such that autistics can be described as sharing a ‘neurological type’. If autism exists, and we believe it does, and it is neurological, then by definition it must be a differing neurological type in our view.

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Beardon, L. (2017). Autism and asperger syndrome in adults. London: Hachette.

Beardon, L. (2019). Autism, masking, social anxiety and the classroom. Teacher education and autism: A research-based practical handbook. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Cage, E., Di Monaco, J., & Newell, V. (2018). Experiences of autism acceptance and mental health in autistic adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 473–484.CrossRef

Chown, N. (2019). Are the “autistic traits” and “broader autism phenotype” concepts real or mythical? Autism Policy & Practice, 2(1), 46–63.

Chown, N. (In press). Language games used to construct autism as pathology. In H. Bertilsdotter Rosqvist, N. Chown, A. Stenning, (Eds.), Neurodiversity Studies: A New Critical Paradigm. London: Routledge.

Cook, A., Ogden, J., & Winstone, N. (2018). Friendship motivations, challenges and the role of masking for girls with autism in contrasting school settings. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(3), 302–315.CrossRef

Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2020). Annual research review: Looking back to look forward: Changes in the concept of autism and implications for future research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(3), 218–232.CrossRef

Hull, L., Petrides, K. V., Allison, C., Smith, P., Baron-Cohen, S., Lai, M.-C., et al. (2017). “Putting on my best normal”: Social camouflaging in adults with autism spectrum conditions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-0173166-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Leatherland, J. (2018). Understanding how autistic pupils experience secondary school: autism criteria, theory and FAMe™. Doctoral dissertation, Sheffield Hallam University.

Livingston, L. A., & Happé, F. (2017). Conceptualising compensation in neurodevelopmental disorders: Reflections from autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 80, 729–742.CrossRef

NICE. (2011). Autism: Recognition, referral and diagnosis of children and young people on the autism spectrum. London: RCOG Press.

NICE. (2012). Autism spectrum disorder in adults: Diagnosis and management. London: RCOG Press.

Titel: Can a Person be ‘A Bit Autistic’? A Response to Francesca Happé and Uta Frith
Auteurs: Nick Chown
Julia Leatherland
Publicatiedatum: 13-06-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04541-0

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