Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 11/2017

31-08-2017 | Original Paper

Bone Mineral Density in Boys Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study

Auteurs: Kelly Barnhill, Lucas Ramirez, Alan Gutierrez, Wendy Richardson, C. Nathan Marti, Amy Potts, Rebeca Shearer, Claire Schutte, Laura Hewitson

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 11/2017

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study compared bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), nutritional status, biochemical markers, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in 4–8 year old boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with a group of age-matched, healthy boys without ASD. Boys with ASD had significantly lower spine BMD compared to controls but this was not correlated with any biochemical markers, dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, elimination diet status, or GI symptomology. Reduced BMD in 4–8 year old boys with ASD appears to involve factors other than nutrient intake and GI status, and requires further study.
Literatuur
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th edn.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th edn.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Barnhill, K., Gutierrez, A., Ghossainy, M., Marediya, Z., Marti, C. N., & Hewitson, L. (2017). Growth status of children with autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 30(1), 59–65. doi:10.1111/jhn.12396.CrossRefPubMed Barnhill, K., Gutierrez, A., Ghossainy, M., Marediya, Z., Marti, C. N., & Hewitson, L. (2017). Growth status of children with autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 30(1), 59–65. doi:10.​1111/​jhn.​12396.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bausserman, M., & Michail, S. (2005). The use of Lactobacillus GG in irritable bowel syndrome in children: a double-blind randomized control trial. Journal of Pediatrics, 147(2), 197–201.CrossRefPubMed Bausserman, M., & Michail, S. (2005). The use of Lactobacillus GG in irritable bowel syndrome in children: a double-blind randomized control trial. Journal of Pediatrics, 147(2), 197–201.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bener, A., Khattab, A. O., & Al-Dabbagh, M. M. (2014). Is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency evidence for autism disorder?: In a highly endogamous population. Journal of Pediatric Neuroscience, 9(3), 227–233. doi:10.4103/1817-1745.147574.CrossRef Bener, A., Khattab, A. O., & Al-Dabbagh, M. M. (2014). Is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency evidence for autism disorder?: In a highly endogamous population. Journal of Pediatric Neuroscience, 9(3), 227–233. doi:10.​4103/​1817-1745.​147574.CrossRef
go back to reference Black, C., Kaye, J. A., & Jick, H. (2002). Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: Nested case-control study using data from the UK general practice research database. British Medical Journal, 325(7361), 419–421.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Black, C., Kaye, J. A., & Jick, H. (2002). Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: Nested case-control study using data from the UK general practice research database. British Medical Journal, 325(7361), 419–421.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Buie, T., Campbell, D. B., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Levy, J., Vandewater, J., et al. (2010a). Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs: A consensus report. Pediatrics, 125(Suppl 1), S1–S18. Buie, T., Campbell, D. B., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Levy, J., Vandewater, J., et al. (2010a). Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs: A consensus report. Pediatrics, 125(Suppl 1), S1–S18.
go back to reference Buie, T., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Kooros, K., Levy, J., Lewis, J. D., et al. (2010b). Recommendations for evaluation and treatment of common gastrointestinal problems in children with ASDs. Pediatrics, 125(Suppl 1), S19–S29. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1878D. Buie, T., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Kooros, K., Levy, J., Lewis, J. D., et al. (2010b). Recommendations for evaluation and treatment of common gastrointestinal problems in children with ASDs. Pediatrics, 125(Suppl 1), S19–S29. doi:10.​1542/​peds.​2009-1878D.
go back to reference Calarge, C. A., Burns, T. L., Schlechte, J. A., & Zemel, B. S. (2015). Longitudinal examination of the skeletal effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risperidone in boys. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76(5), 607–613. doi:10.4088/JCP.14m09195.CrossRefPubMed Calarge, C. A., Burns, T. L., Schlechte, J. A., & Zemel, B. S. (2015). Longitudinal examination of the skeletal effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risperidone in boys. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76(5), 607–613. doi:10.​4088/​JCP.​14m09195.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dimenas, E., Carlsson, G., Glise, H., Israelsson, B., & Wiklund, I. (1996). Relevance of norm values as part of the documentation of quality of life instruments for use in upper gastrointestinal disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 31(Suppl 221), 8–13.CrossRef Dimenas, E., Carlsson, G., Glise, H., Israelsson, B., & Wiklund, I. (1996). Relevance of norm values as part of the documentation of quality of life instruments for use in upper gastrointestinal disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 31(Suppl 221), 8–13.CrossRef
go back to reference Ekhlaspour, L., Baskaran, C., Campoverde, K. J., Sokoloff, N. C., Neumeyer, A. M., & Misra, M. (2016). Bone density in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2871-9.PubMed Ekhlaspour, L., Baskaran, C., Campoverde, K. J., Sokoloff, N. C., Neumeyer, A. M., & Misra, M. (2016). Bone density in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-016-2871-9.PubMed
go back to reference Goodman, S. B., Jiranek, W., Petrow, E., & Yasko, A. W. (2007). The effects of medications on bone. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery, 15(8), 450–460.CrossRef Goodman, S. B., Jiranek, W., Petrow, E., & Yasko, A. W. (2007). The effects of medications on bone. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery, 15(8), 450–460.CrossRef
go back to reference Gotham, K., Risi, S., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2007). The autism diagnostic observation schedule: Revised algorithms for improved diagnostic validity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(4), 613–627. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0280-1.CrossRefPubMed Gotham, K., Risi, S., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2007). The autism diagnostic observation schedule: Revised algorithms for improved diagnostic validity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(4), 613–627. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-006-0280-1.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hartman, C., Eliakim, R., & Shamir, R. (2009). Nutritional status and nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 15(21), 2570–2578.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hartman, C., Eliakim, R., & Shamir, R. (2009). Nutritional status and nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 15(21), 2570–2578.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Haubrock, J., Nothlings, U., Volatier, J. L., Dekkers, A., Ocke, M., Harttig, U., et al. (2011). Estimating usual food intake distributions by using the multiple source method in the EPIC-potsdam calibration study. Journal of Nutrition, 141(5), 914–920. doi:10.3945/jn.109.120394.CrossRefPubMed Haubrock, J., Nothlings, U., Volatier, J. L., Dekkers, A., Ocke, M., Harttig, U., et al. (2011). Estimating usual food intake distributions by using the multiple source method in the EPIC-potsdam calibration study. Journal of Nutrition, 141(5), 914–920. doi:10.​3945/​jn.​109.​120394.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hediger, M. L., England, L. J., Molloy, C. A., Yu, K. F., Manning-Courtney, P., & Mills, J. L. (2008). Reduced bone cortical thickness in boys with autism or autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 848–856. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0453-6.CrossRefPubMed Hediger, M. L., England, L. J., Molloy, C. A., Yu, K. F., Manning-Courtney, P., & Mills, J. L. (2008). Reduced bone cortical thickness in boys with autism or autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 848–856. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-007-0453-6.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Herndon, A. C., DiGuiseppi, C., Johnson, S. L., Leiferman, J., & Reynolds, A. (2009). Does nutritional intake differ between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(2), 212–222. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0606-2.CrossRefPubMed Herndon, A. C., DiGuiseppi, C., Johnson, S. L., Leiferman, J., & Reynolds, A. (2009). Does nutritional intake differ between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(2), 212–222. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-008-0606-2.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hyman, S. L., Stewart, P. A., Schmidt, B., Cain, U., Lemcke, N., Foley, J. T., et al. (2012). Nutrient intake from food in children with autism. Pediatrics, 130(Suppl 2), S145–S153. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0900L. Hyman, S. L., Stewart, P. A., Schmidt, B., Cain, U., Lemcke, N., Foley, J. T., et al. (2012). Nutrient intake from food in children with autism. Pediatrics, 130(Suppl 2), S145–S153. doi:10.​1542/​peds.​2012-0900L.
go back to reference Institute of Medicine (2005). Panel on macronutrients standing committee on the scientific evaluation of dietary reference intakes. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Institute of Medicine (2005). Panel on macronutrients standing committee on the scientific evaluation of dietary reference intakes. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
go back to reference Kushak, R. I., Buie, T. M., Murray, K. F., Newburg, D. S., Chen, C., Nestoridi, E., et al. (2016). Evaluation of intestinal function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 62(5), 687–691. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001174.CrossRefPubMed Kushak, R. I., Buie, T. M., Murray, K. F., Newburg, D. S., Chen, C., Nestoridi, E., et al. (2016). Evaluation of intestinal function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 62(5), 687–691. doi:10.​1097/​MPG.​0000000000001174​.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lionetti, E., Miniello, V. L., Castellaneta, S. P., Magista, A. M., de Canio, A., Maurogiovanni, G., et al. (2006). Lactobacillus reuteri therapy to reduce side-effects during anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment in children: A randomized placebo controlled trial. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 24(10), 1461–1468. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03145.x.[pii].CrossRef Lionetti, E., Miniello, V. L., Castellaneta, S. P., Magista, A. M., de Canio, A., Maurogiovanni, G., et al. (2006). Lactobacillus reuteri therapy to reduce side-effects during anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment in children: A randomized placebo controlled trial. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 24(10), 1461–1468. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1365-2036.​2006.​03145.​x.​[pii].CrossRef
go back to reference Lopes, L. H., Sdepanian, V. L., Szejnfeld, V. L., de Morais, M. B., & Fagundes-Neto, U. (2008). Risk factors for low bone mineral density in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 53(10), 2746–2753. doi:10.1007/s10620-008-0223-0.CrossRefPubMed Lopes, L. H., Sdepanian, V. L., Szejnfeld, V. L., de Morais, M. B., & Fagundes-Neto, U. (2008). Risk factors for low bone mineral density in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 53(10), 2746–2753. doi:10.​1007/​s10620-008-0223-0.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mahan, K. L., & Escott-Stump, S. (2008). Krause’s Food and Nutrition Therapy. (12th edn.). St Louis, MO: Saunders. Mahan, K. L., & Escott-Stump, S. (2008). Krause’s Food and Nutrition Therapy. (12th edn.). St Louis, MO: Saunders.
go back to reference Mari-Bauset, S., Llopis-González, A., Zazpe, I., Mari-Sanchís, A., & Suárez-Varela, M. M. (2015). Anthropometric measures of Spanish children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 9, 26–33.CrossRef Mari-Bauset, S., Llopis-González, A., Zazpe, I., Mari-Sanchís, A., & Suárez-Varela, M. M. (2015). Anthropometric measures of Spanish children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 9, 26–33.CrossRef
go back to reference Mari-Bauset, S., Zazpe, I., Mari-Sanchis, A., Llopis-González, A., & Suárez-Varela, M. M. (2012). Are there anthropometric differences between autistic and healthy children? Journal of Child Neurology, 28, 1226–1232.CrossRef Mari-Bauset, S., Zazpe, I., Mari-Sanchis, A., Llopis-González, A., & Suárez-Varela, M. M. (2012). Are there anthropometric differences between autistic and healthy children? Journal of Child Neurology, 28, 1226–1232.CrossRef
go back to reference Millward, C., Ferriter, M., Calver, S., & Connell-Jones, G. (2004). Gluten- and casein-free diets for autistic spectrum disorder. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2:CD003498. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003498.pub2. Millward, C., Ferriter, M., Calver, S., & Connell-Jones, G. (2004). Gluten- and casein-free diets for autistic spectrum disorder. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2:CD003498. doi:10.​1002/​14651858.​CD003498.​pub2.
go back to reference Palacios, C. (2006). The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46, 621–628.CrossRefPubMed Palacios, C. (2006). The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46, 621–628.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Porter, R. S., & Kaplan, J. L. (2011). The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. (19th edn.). Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories. Porter, R. S., & Kaplan, J. L. (2011). The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. (19th edn.). Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories.
go back to reference Roche, A. F., & Malina, R. M. (Eds.). (1983). Manual of Physical Status and Performance in Childhood: Physical Status (Vol. 1B). New York: Plenum Press. Roche, A. F., & Malina, R. M. (Eds.). (1983). Manual of Physical Status and Performance in Childhood: Physical Status (Vol. 1B). New York: Plenum Press.
go back to reference Roke, Y., van Harten, P. N., Buitelaar, J. K., Tenback, D. E., Quekel, L. G., de Rijke, Y. B., et al. (2012). Bone mineral density in male adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and disruptive behavior disorder with or without antipsychotic treatment. European Journal of Endocrinology, 167(6), 855–863. doi:10.1530/EJE-12-0521.CrossRefPubMed Roke, Y., van Harten, P. N., Buitelaar, J. K., Tenback, D. E., Quekel, L. G., de Rijke, Y. B., et al. (2012). Bone mineral density in male adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and disruptive behavior disorder with or without antipsychotic treatment. European Journal of Endocrinology, 167(6), 855–863. doi:10.​1530/​EJE-12-0521.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic interview–revised (ADI–R) manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services. Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic interview–revised (ADI–R) manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
go back to reference Schaafsma, A., de Vries, P. J., & Saris, W. H. (2001). Delay of natural bone loss by higher intakes of specific minerals and vitamins. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 41(4), 225–249.CrossRefPubMed Schaafsma, A., de Vries, P. J., & Saris, W. H. (2001). Delay of natural bone loss by higher intakes of specific minerals and vitamins. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 41(4), 225–249.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schieve, L. A., Gonzalez, V., Boulet, S. L., Visser, S. N., Rice, C. E., Van Naarden Braun, K., et al. (2012). Concurrent medical conditions and health care use and needs among children with learning and behavioral developmental disabilities, National Health Interview Survey, 2006–2010. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(2), 467–476. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.008.CrossRefPubMed Schieve, L. A., Gonzalez, V., Boulet, S. L., Visser, S. N., Rice, C. E., Van Naarden Braun, K., et al. (2012). Concurrent medical conditions and health care use and needs among children with learning and behavioral developmental disabilities, National Health Interview Survey, 2006–2010. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(2), 467–476. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ridd.​2011.​10.​008.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schreck, K. A., Williams, K., & Smith, A. F. (2004). A comparison of eating behaviors between children with and without autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(4), 433–438.CrossRefPubMed Schreck, K. A., Williams, K., & Smith, A. F. (2004). A comparison of eating behaviors between children with and without autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(4), 433–438.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Srinivasan, S., O’Rourke, J., Bersche Golas S., Neumeyer, A., & Misra, M. (2016). Calcium and vitamin D supplement prescribing practices among providers caring for children with autism spectrum disorders: Are we addressing bone health?. Autism Research and Treatment, 2016, 6763205. doi:10.1155/2016/6763205.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Srinivasan, S., O’Rourke, J., Bersche Golas S., Neumeyer, A., & Misra, M. (2016). Calcium and vitamin D supplement prescribing practices among providers caring for children with autism spectrum disorders: Are we addressing bone health?. Autism Research and Treatment, 2016, 6763205. doi:10.​1155/​2016/​6763205.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Stewart, P. A., Hyman, S. L., Schmidt, B. L., Macklin, E. A., Reynolds, A., Johnson, C. R., et al. (2015). Dietary supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorders: Common, insufficient, and excessive. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(8), 1237–1248. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.03.026.CrossRefPubMed Stewart, P. A., Hyman, S. L., Schmidt, B. L., Macklin, E. A., Reynolds, A., Johnson, C. R., et al. (2015). Dietary supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorders: Common, insufficient, and excessive. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(8), 1237–1248. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jand.​2015.​03.​026.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Svedlund, J., Sjodin, I., & Dotevall, G. (1988). GSRS—a clinical rating scale for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease. Digests in Disability Science, 33(2), 129–134.CrossRef Svedlund, J., Sjodin, I., & Dotevall, G. (1988). GSRS—a clinical rating scale for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease. Digests in Disability Science, 33(2), 129–134.CrossRef
go back to reference Thangarajah, D., Hyde, M. J., Konteti, V. K., Santhakumaran, S., Frost, G., & Fell, J. M. (2015). Systematic review: Body composition in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 42(2), 142–157. doi:10.1111/apt.13218.CrossRef Thangarajah, D., Hyde, M. J., Konteti, V. K., Santhakumaran, S., Frost, G., & Fell, J. M. (2015). Systematic review: Body composition in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 42(2), 142–157. doi:10.​1111/​apt.​13218.CrossRef
go back to reference Valicenti-McDermott, M., McVicar, K., Rapin, I., Wershil, B. K., Cohen, H., & Shinnar, S. (2006). Frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders and association with family history of autoimmune disease. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(2 Suppl), S128–S136. Valicenti-McDermott, M., McVicar, K., Rapin, I., Wershil, B. K., Cohen, H., & Shinnar, S. (2006). Frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders and association with family history of autoimmune disease. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(2 Suppl), S128–S136.
go back to reference Williams, P. G., Dalrymple, N., & Neal, J. (2000). Eating habits of children with autism. Pediatric Nursing, 26(3), 259–264.PubMed Williams, P. G., Dalrymple, N., & Neal, J. (2000). Eating habits of children with autism. Pediatric Nursing, 26(3), 259–264.PubMed
go back to reference Wong, H. H., & Smith, R. G. (2006). Patterns of complementary and alternative medical therapy use in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(7), 901–909. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0131-0.CrossRefPubMed Wong, H. H., & Smith, R. G. (2006). Patterns of complementary and alternative medical therapy use in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(7), 901–909. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-006-0131-0.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Bone Mineral Density in Boys Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study
Auteurs
Kelly Barnhill
Lucas Ramirez
Alan Gutierrez
Wendy Richardson
C. Nathan Marti
Amy Potts
Rebeca Shearer
Claire Schutte
Laura Hewitson
Publicatiedatum
31-08-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 11/2017
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3277-z

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2017

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 11/2017 Naar de uitgave