Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 10/2014

01-10-2014 | Original Paper

Using Other Minds as a Window Onto the World: Guessing What Happened from Clues in Behaviour

Auteurs: Dhanya Pillai, Elizabeth Sheppard, Danielle Ropar, Lauren Marsh, Amy Pearson, Peter Mitchell

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 10/2014

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

It has been proposed that mentalising involves retrodicting as well as predicting behaviour, by inferring previous mental states of a target. This study investigated whether retrodiction is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants watched videos of real people reacting to the researcher behaving in one of four possible ways. Their task was to decide which of these four “scenarios” each person responded to. Participants’ eye movements were recorded. Participants with ASD were poorer than comparison participants at identifying the scenario to which people in the videos were responding. There were no group differences in time spent looking at the eyes or mouth. The findings imply those with ASD are impaired in using mentalising skills for retrodiction.
Literatuur
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M. (1997). Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(7), 813–822.PubMedCrossRef Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M. (1997). Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(7), 813–822.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21(1), 37–46.PubMedCrossRef Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21(1), 37–46.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5–17.PubMedCrossRef Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5–17.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Boraston, Z. L., Corden, B., Miles, L. K., Skuse, D. H., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2008). Brief report: Perception of genuine and posed smiles by individuals with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(3), 574–580. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0421-1.PubMedCrossRef Boraston, Z. L., Corden, B., Miles, L. K., Skuse, D. H., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2008). Brief report: Perception of genuine and posed smiles by individuals with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(3), 574–580. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-007-0421-1.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Freeth, M., Chapman, P., Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (2010a). Do gaze cues in complex scenes capture and direct the attention of high functioning adolescents with ASD? Evidence from eye-tracking. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(5), 534–547. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0893-2.PubMedCrossRef Freeth, M., Chapman, P., Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (2010a). Do gaze cues in complex scenes capture and direct the attention of high functioning adolescents with ASD? Evidence from eye-tracking. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(5), 534–547. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-009-0893-2.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Freeth, M., Ropar, D., Chapman, P., & Mitchell, P. (2010b). The eye gaze direction of an observed person can bias perception, memory, and attention in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 105(1–2), 20–37. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.001.PubMedCrossRef Freeth, M., Ropar, D., Chapman, P., & Mitchell, P. (2010b). The eye gaze direction of an observed person can bias perception, memory, and attention in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 105(1–2), 20–37. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jecp.​2009.​10.​001.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Freeth, M., Ropar, D., Mitchell, P., Chapman, P., & Loher, S. (2011). Brief report: How adolescents with ASD process social information in complex scenes. Combining evidence from eye movements and verbal descriptions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(3), 364–371. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1053-4.PubMedCrossRef Freeth, M., Ropar, D., Mitchell, P., Chapman, P., & Loher, S. (2011). Brief report: How adolescents with ASD process social information in complex scenes. Combining evidence from eye movements and verbal descriptions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(3), 364–371. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-010-1053-4.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gallese, V., & Goldman, A. (1998). Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(12), 493–501.PubMedCrossRef Gallese, V., & Goldman, A. (1998). Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(12), 493–501.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Golan, O., Baron-Cohen, S., Hill, J. J., & Golan, Y. (2006). The “reading the mind in films” task: Complex emotion recognition in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions. Social Neuroscience, 1(2), 111–123. doi:10.1080/17470910600980986.PubMedCrossRef Golan, O., Baron-Cohen, S., Hill, J. J., & Golan, Y. (2006). The “reading the mind in films” task: Complex emotion recognition in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions. Social Neuroscience, 1(2), 111–123. doi:10.​1080/​1747091060098098​6.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Goldman, A. I. (2009). Mirroring, mindreading, and simulation. In J. A. Pineda (Ed.), Mirror neuron systems (pp. 311–330). New York: Humana Press. Goldman, A. I. (2009). Mirroring, mindreading, and simulation. In J. A. Pineda (Ed.), Mirror neuron systems (pp. 311–330). New York: Humana Press.
go back to reference Joseph, R. M., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2004). The relationship of theory of mind and executive functions to symptom type and severity in children with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 16(1), 137–155.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Joseph, R. M., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2004). The relationship of theory of mind and executive functions to symptom type and severity in children with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 16(1), 137–155.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kirchner, J. C., Hatri, A., Heekeren, H. R., & Dziobek, I. (2010). Autistic symptomatology, face processing abilities, and eye fixation patterns. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(2), 158–167. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1032-9.CrossRef Kirchner, J. C., Hatri, A., Heekeren, H. R., & Dziobek, I. (2010). Autistic symptomatology, face processing abilities, and eye fixation patterns. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(2), 158–167. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-010-1032-9.CrossRef
go back to reference Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(9), 809–816.PubMedCrossRef Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(9), 809–816.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H. J., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule—Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205–223. doi:10.1023/A:1005592401947.PubMedCrossRef Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H. J., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule—Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205–223. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1005592401947.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Milikan, R. (2005). Some reflections on the TT–ST debate. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on imitation: From cognitive neuroscience to social science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Milikan, R. (2005). Some reflections on the TT–ST debate. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on imitation: From cognitive neuroscience to social science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
go back to reference Perner, J. (2010). Who took the cog out of cognitive science?—Mentalism in an era of anti-cognitivism. In P. Frensch & R. Schwarzer (Eds.), Cognition and neuropsychology: International perspectives on psychological science (Vol. 1, pp. 451–483). East Sussex: Psychology Press. Perner, J. (2010). Who took the cog out of cognitive science?—Mentalism in an era of anti-cognitivism. In P. Frensch & R. Schwarzer (Eds.), Cognition and neuropsychology: International perspectives on psychological science (Vol. 1, pp. 451–483). East Sussex: Psychology Press.
go back to reference Perner, J., Frith, U., Leslie, A. M., & Leekam, S. R. (1989). Exploration of the autistic child’s theory of mind: Knowledge, belief, and communication. Child Development, 60(3), 688–700.PubMedCrossRef Perner, J., Frith, U., Leslie, A. M., & Leekam, S. R. (1989). Exploration of the autistic child’s theory of mind: Knowledge, belief, and communication. Child Development, 60(3), 688–700.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Povinelli, D. J., & Vonk, J. (2003). Chimpanzee minds: Suspiciously human? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(4), 157–160.PubMedCrossRef Povinelli, D. J., & Vonk, J. (2003). Chimpanzee minds: Suspiciously human? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(4), 157–160.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rutherford, M. D., & Towns, A. M. (2008). Scan path differences and similarities during emotion perception in those with and without autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(7), 1371–1381. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0525-7.PubMedCrossRef Rutherford, M. D., & Towns, A. M. (2008). Scan path differences and similarities during emotion perception in those with and without autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(7), 1371–1381. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-007-0525-7.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sawyer, A. C. P., Williamson, P., & Young, R. L. (2012). Can gaze avoidance explain why individuals with Asperger’s syndrome can’t recognise emotions from facial expressions? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(4), 606–618. doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1283-0.PubMedCrossRef Sawyer, A. C. P., Williamson, P., & Young, R. L. (2012). Can gaze avoidance explain why individuals with Asperger’s syndrome can’t recognise emotions from facial expressions? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(4), 606–618. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-011-1283-0.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schultz, R. T. (2005). Developmental deficits in social perception in autism: The role of the amygdala and fusiform face area. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience, 23(2–3), 125–141. doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.12.012.CrossRef Schultz, R. T. (2005). Developmental deficits in social perception in autism: The role of the amygdala and fusiform face area. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience, 23(2–3), 125–141. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ijdevneu.​2004.​12.​012.CrossRef
go back to reference Snodgrass, J. G., & Corwin, J. (1988). Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117(1), 34–50.CrossRef Snodgrass, J. G., & Corwin, J. (1988). Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117(1), 34–50.CrossRef
go back to reference Tager-Flusberg, H. (2001). A reexamination of the theory of mind hypothesis of autism. In J. A. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P. R. Zelazo (Eds.), The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research (pp. 173–193). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Tager-Flusberg, H. (2001). A reexamination of the theory of mind hypothesis of autism. In J. A. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P. R. Zelazo (Eds.), The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research (pp. 173–193). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Van Der Geest, J. N., Kemner, C., Verbaten, M. N., & Van Engeland, H. (2002). Gaze behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorder toward human faces: A fixation time study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(5), 669–678. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00055.PubMedCrossRef Van Der Geest, J. N., Kemner, C., Verbaten, M. N., & Van Engeland, H. (2002). Gaze behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorder toward human faces: A fixation time study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(5), 669–678. doi:10.​1111/​1469-7610.​00055.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wagner, J. B., Hirsch, S. B., Vogel-Farley, V. K., Redcay, E., & Nelson, C. A. (2013). Eye-tracking, autonomic, and electrophysiological correlates of emotional face processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(1), 188–199. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1565-1.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Wagner, J. B., Hirsch, S. B., Vogel-Farley, V. K., Redcay, E., & Nelson, C. A. (2013). Eye-tracking, autonomic, and electrophysiological correlates of emotional face processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(1), 188–199. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-012-1565-1.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
go back to reference Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd ed.). San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation. Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd ed.). San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
Metagegevens
Titel
Using Other Minds as a Window Onto the World: Guessing What Happened from Clues in Behaviour
Auteurs
Dhanya Pillai
Elizabeth Sheppard
Danielle Ropar
Lauren Marsh
Amy Pearson
Peter Mitchell
Publicatiedatum
01-10-2014
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 10/2014
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2106-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 10/2014

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 10/2014 Naar de uitgave