Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 11/2011

01-11-2011 | Original Paper

Investigating Multitasking in High-Functioning Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders Using the Virtual Errands Task

Auteurs: Gnanathusharan Rajendran, Anna S. Law, Robert H. Logie, Marian van der Meulen, Diane Fraser, Martin Corley

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 11/2011

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Using a modified version of the Virtual Errands Task (VET; McGeorge et al. in Presence-Teleop Virtual Environ 10(4):375–383, 2001), we investigated the executive ability of multitasking in 18 high-functioning adolescents with ASD and 18 typically developing adolescents. The VET requires multitasking (Law et al. in Acta Psychol 122(1):27–44, 2006) because there is a limited amount of time in which to complete the errands. ANCOVA revealed that the ASD group completed fewer tasks, broke more rules and rigidly followed the task list in the order of presentation. Our findings suggest that executive problems of planning inflexibility, inhibition, as well as difficulties with prospective memory (remembering to carry out intentions) may lie behind multitasking difficulties in ASD.
Voetnoten
1
It is not explicitly stated in the test manual, however, what kind of Pervasive Developmental Disorder the children had. Our assumption—like that of Mackinlay et al. (2006)—is that the children had an ASD.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Alloway, T. P., Rajendran, G., & Achibald, L. M. D. (2009). Working memory in children with developmental disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(4), 372–382.PubMedCrossRef Alloway, T. P., Rajendran, G., & Achibald, L. M. D. (2009). Working memory in children with developmental disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(4), 372–382.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Altgassen, M., Williams, T. I., Bolte, S., & Kliegel, M. (2009). Time-based prospective memory in children with autism spectrum disorder. Brain Impairment, 10(1), 52–58.CrossRef Altgassen, M., Williams, T. I., Bolte, S., & Kliegel, M. (2009). Time-based prospective memory in children with autism spectrum disorder. Brain Impairment, 10(1), 52–58.CrossRef
go back to reference APA. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th text revised ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. APA. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th text revised ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Biro, S., & Russell, J. (2001). The execution of arbitrary procedures by children with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 13(1), 97–110.PubMedCrossRef Biro, S., & Russell, J. (2001). The execution of arbitrary procedures by children with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 13(1), 97–110.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Burgess, P. W. (2000a). Real-world multitasking from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Attention and Performance, 18, 465–472. Burgess, P. W. (2000a). Real-world multitasking from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Attention and Performance, 18, 465–472.
go back to reference Burgess, P. W. (2000b). Strategy application disorder: The role of the frontal lobes in human multitasking. Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung, 63(3–4), 279–288.CrossRef Burgess, P. W. (2000b). Strategy application disorder: The role of the frontal lobes in human multitasking. Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung, 63(3–4), 279–288.CrossRef
go back to reference Burgess, P. W., Veitch, E., Costello, A. D., & Shallice, T. (2000). The cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of multitasking. Neuropsychologia, 38(6), 848–863.PubMedCrossRef Burgess, P. W., Veitch, E., Costello, A. D., & Shallice, T. (2000). The cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of multitasking. Neuropsychologia, 38(6), 848–863.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Craik, F. I. M., & Bialystok, E. (2006). Planning and task management in older adults: Cooking breakfast. Memory and Cognition, 34(6), 1236–1249.CrossRef Craik, F. I. M., & Bialystok, E. (2006). Planning and task management in older adults: Cooking breakfast. Memory and Cognition, 34(6), 1236–1249.CrossRef
go back to reference Cuttler, C., & Graf, P. (2007). Sub-clinical compulsive checkers’ prospective memory is impaired. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(3), 338–352.PubMedCrossRef Cuttler, C., & Graf, P. (2007). Sub-clinical compulsive checkers’ prospective memory is impaired. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(3), 338–352.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cuttler, C., & Graf, P. (2009). Checking-in on the memory deficit and meta-memory deficit theories of compulsive checking. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 393–409.PubMedCrossRef Cuttler, C., & Graf, P. (2009). Checking-in on the memory deficit and meta-memory deficit theories of compulsive checking. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 393–409.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Emslie, H., Wilson, F. C., Burden, V., Nimmo-Smith, I., & Wilson, B. A. (2003). Behavioural assessment of dysexecutive syndrome for children (BADS-C). Oxford: Pearson. Emslie, H., Wilson, F. C., Burden, V., Nimmo-Smith, I., & Wilson, B. A. (2003). Behavioural assessment of dysexecutive syndrome for children (BADS-C). Oxford: Pearson.
go back to reference Evans, J. J., Chua, S. E., McKenna, P. J., & Wilson, B. A. (1997). Assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 27(3), 635–646.PubMedCrossRef Evans, J. J., Chua, S. E., McKenna, P. J., & Wilson, B. A. (1997). Assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 27(3), 635–646.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Frye, D., Zelazo, P. D., & Palfai, T. (1995). Theory of mind and rule-based reasoning. Cognitive Development, 10(4), 483–527.CrossRef Frye, D., Zelazo, P. D., & Palfai, T. (1995). Theory of mind and rule-based reasoning. Cognitive Development, 10(4), 483–527.CrossRef
go back to reference Geurts, H. M., Corbett, B., & Solomon, M. (2009). The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(2), 74–82.PubMedCrossRef Geurts, H. M., Corbett, B., & Solomon, M. (2009). The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(2), 74–82.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hannon, R., Adams, P., Harrington, S., FriesDias, C., & Gipson, M. T. (1995). Effects of brain injury and age on prospective memory self-rating and performance. Rehabilitation Psychology, 40(4), 289–298.CrossRef Hannon, R., Adams, P., Harrington, S., FriesDias, C., & Gipson, M. T. (1995). Effects of brain injury and age on prospective memory self-rating and performance. Rehabilitation Psychology, 40(4), 289–298.CrossRef
go back to reference Heaton, R. K. (1981). Wisconsin card sorting test manual. Odessa, FL: Psychology Assessment Resources. Heaton, R. K. (1981). Wisconsin card sorting test manual. Odessa, FL: Psychology Assessment Resources.
go back to reference Hill, E. L. (2004). Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism. Developmental Review, 24(2), 189–233.CrossRef Hill, E. L. (2004). Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism. Developmental Review, 24(2), 189–233.CrossRef
go back to reference Hill, E. L., & Bird, C. A. (2006). Executive processes in Asperger syndrome: Patterns of performance in a multiple case series. Neuropsychologia, 44(14), 2822–2835.PubMedCrossRef Hill, E. L., & Bird, C. A. (2006). Executive processes in Asperger syndrome: Patterns of performance in a multiple case series. Neuropsychologia, 44(14), 2822–2835.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jones, C. R. G., Happé, F., Pickles, A., Marsden, A. J. S., Tregay, J., Baird, G., et al. (in press). ‘Everyday Memory’ Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1067-y Jones, C. R. G., Happé, F., Pickles, A., Marsden, A. J. S., Tregay, J., Baird, G., et al. (in press). ‘Everyday Memory’ Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-010-1067-y
go back to reference Law, A. S., Logie, R. H., & Pearson, D. G. (2006). The impact of secondary tasks on multitasking in a virtual environment. Acta Psychologica, 122(1), 27–44.PubMedCrossRef Law, A. S., Logie, R. H., & Pearson, D. G. (2006). The impact of secondary tasks on multitasking in a virtual environment. Acta Psychologica, 122(1), 27–44.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Logie, R. H., Law, A. S., Trawley, S., & Nissan, J. (2010). Multitasking, working memory and remembering intentions. Psychologica Belgica, 50, 309–326. Logie, R. H., Law, A. S., Trawley, S., & Nissan, J. (2010). Multitasking, working memory and remembering intentions. Psychologica Belgica, 50, 309–326.
go back to reference Mackinlay, R., Charman, T., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2006). High functioning children with autism spectrum disorder: A novel test of multitasking. Brain and Cognition, 61(1), 14–24.PubMedCrossRef Mackinlay, R., Charman, T., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2006). High functioning children with autism spectrum disorder: A novel test of multitasking. Brain and Cognition, 61(1), 14–24.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference McGeorge, P., Phillips, L. H., Crawford, J. R., Garden, S. E., Della Sala, S., Milne, A. B., et al. (2001). Using virtual environments in the assessment of executive dysfunction. Presence-Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 10(4), 375–383.CrossRef McGeorge, P., Phillips, L. H., Crawford, J. R., Garden, S. E., Della Sala, S., Milne, A. B., et al. (2001). Using virtual environments in the assessment of executive dysfunction. Presence-Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 10(4), 375–383.CrossRef
go back to reference Miller, G. A., & Chapman, J. P. (2001). Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(1), 40–48.PubMedCrossRef Miller, G. A., & Chapman, J. P. (2001). Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(1), 40–48.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Norris, G., & Tate, R. L. (2000). The behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome (BADS): Ecological, concurrent and construct validity. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10(1), 33–45.CrossRef Norris, G., & Tate, R. L. (2000). The behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome (BADS): Ecological, concurrent and construct validity. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10(1), 33–45.CrossRef
go back to reference Ozonoff, S., & Jensen, J. (1999). Brief report: Specific executive function profiles in three neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(2), 171–177.PubMedCrossRef Ozonoff, S., & Jensen, J. (1999). Brief report: Specific executive function profiles in three neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(2), 171–177.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rajendran, G., & Mitchell, P. (2006). Text chat a tool for referential questioning in Asperger syndrome. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 49, 102–112. Rajendran, G., & Mitchell, P. (2006). Text chat a tool for referential questioning in Asperger syndrome. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 49, 102–112.
go back to reference Rajendran, G., & Mitchell, P. (2007). Cognitive theories of autism. Developmental Review, 27(2), 224–260.CrossRef Rajendran, G., & Mitchell, P. (2007). Cognitive theories of autism. Developmental Review, 27(2), 224–260.CrossRef
go back to reference Rajendran, G., Mitchell, P., & Rickards, H. (2005). How do individuals with Asperger syndrome respond to nonliteral language and inappropriate requests in computer-mediated communication? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 187–207.CrossRef Rajendran, G., Mitchell, P., & Rickards, H. (2005). How do individuals with Asperger syndrome respond to nonliteral language and inappropriate requests in computer-mediated communication? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 187–207.CrossRef
go back to reference Rand, D., Rukan, S. B. A., Weiss, P. L., & Katz, N. (2009a). Validation of the Virtual MET as an assessment tool for executive functions. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19(4), 583–602.PubMedCrossRef Rand, D., Rukan, S. B. A., Weiss, P. L., & Katz, N. (2009a). Validation of the Virtual MET as an assessment tool for executive functions. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19(4), 583–602.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rand, D., Weiss, P. L., & Katz, N. (2009b). Training multitasking in a virtual supermarket: A novel intervention after stroke (Article). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(5), 535–542.PubMedCrossRef Rand, D., Weiss, P. L., & Katz, N. (2009b). Training multitasking in a virtual supermarket: A novel intervention after stroke (Article). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(5), 535–542.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Russell, J. (1997). How executive disorders can bring about an inadequate ‘‘theory of mind’’. In J. Russell (Ed.), Autism as an executive disorder. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Russell, J. (1997). How executive disorders can bring about an inadequate ‘‘theory of mind’’. In J. Russell (Ed.), Autism as an executive disorder. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Social Communication Questionnaire. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services. Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Social Communication Questionnaire. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
go back to reference Shallice, T., & Burgess, P. W. (1991). Deficits in strategy application following frontal-lobe damage in man. Brain, 114, 727–741.PubMedCrossRef Shallice, T., & Burgess, P. W. (1991). Deficits in strategy application following frontal-lobe damage in man. Brain, 114, 727–741.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smith, G., Della Sala, S., Logie, R. H., & Maylor, E. A. (2000). Prospective and retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: A questionnaire study. Memory, 8(5), 311–321.PubMedCrossRef Smith, G., Della Sala, S., Logie, R. H., & Maylor, E. A. (2000). Prospective and retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: A questionnaire study. Memory, 8(5), 311–321.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (WASI). San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation. Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (WASI). San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference White, S. J., Burgess, P. W., & Hill, E. L. (2009). Impairments on “Open-Ended” executive function tests in autism. Autism Research, 2(3), 138–147.PubMedCrossRef White, S. J., Burgess, P. W., & Hill, E. L. (2009). Impairments on “Open-Ended” executive function tests in autism. Autism Research, 2(3), 138–147.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wilson, B. A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P. W., Emslie, H. C., & Evans, J. J. (1996). The behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. Oxford: Harcourt Assessment. Wilson, B. A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P. W., Emslie, H. C., & Evans, J. J. (1996). The behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. Oxford: Harcourt Assessment.
go back to reference Wilson, B. A. C., & Baddeley, A. D. (1991). The rivermead behavioural memory test (2nd ed.). Bury St Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company. Wilson, B. A. C., & Baddeley, A. D. (1991). The rivermead behavioural memory test (2nd ed.). Bury St Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company.
go back to reference Zelazo, P. D., & Frye, D. (1997). Cognitive complexity and control: A theory of the development of deliberate reasoning and intentional action. In M. Stamenov (Ed.), Language structure, discourse, and the access to consciousness. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Zelazo, P. D., & Frye, D. (1997). Cognitive complexity and control: A theory of the development of deliberate reasoning and intentional action. In M. Stamenov (Ed.), Language structure, discourse, and the access to consciousness. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Metagegevens
Titel
Investigating Multitasking in High-Functioning Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders Using the Virtual Errands Task
Auteurs
Gnanathusharan Rajendran
Anna S. Law
Robert H. Logie
Marian van der Meulen
Diane Fraser
Martin Corley
Publicatiedatum
01-11-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 11/2011
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1151-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2011

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 11/2011 Naar de uitgave