Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 10/2008

01-11-2008 | Original Paper

Regression, Developmental Trajectory and Associated Problems in Disorders in the Autism Spectrum: The SNAP Study

Auteurs: Gillian Baird, Tony Charman, Andrew Pickles, Susie Chandler, Tom Loucas, David Meldrum, Iris Carcani-Rathwell, Devanitha Serkana, Emily Simonoff

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 10/2008

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

We report rates of regression and associated findings in a population derived group of 255 children aged 9–14 years, participating in a prevalence study of autism spectrum disorders (ASD); 53 with narrowly defined autism, 105 with broader ASD and 97 with non-ASD neurodevelopmental problems, drawn from those with special educational needs within a population of 56,946 children. Language regression was reported in 30% with narrowly defined autism, 8% with broader ASD and less than 3% with developmental problems without ASD. A smaller group of children were identified who underwent a less clear setback. Regression was associated with higher rates of autistic symptoms and a deviation in developmental trajectory. Regression was not associated with epilepsy or gastrointestinal problems.
Literatuur
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edn.—Test Revision (DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edn.—Test Revision (DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Adrien, J. L., Faure, M., Perrot, A., Hameury, L., Garreau, B., Barthelemy, C., et al. (1991). Autism and family home movies—preliminary findings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 43–49.PubMedCrossRef Adrien, J. L., Faure, M., Perrot, A., Hameury, L., Garreau, B., Barthelemy, C., et al. (1991). Autism and family home movies—preliminary findings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 43–49.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baird, G., Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., Afzal, M., Thomas, B., Jin, L. & Brown, D. (2008). The measles virus and antibody response to infection and vaccination in autistic spectrum disorder: A virological case control study. Archives of Disease in Childhood. doi:10.1136/adc.2007.122937. Baird, G., Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., Afzal, M., Thomas, B., Jin, L. & Brown, D. (2008). The measles virus and antibody response to infection and vaccination in autistic spectrum disorder: A virological case control study. Archives of Disease in Childhood. doi:10.​1136/​adc.​2007.​122937.
go back to reference Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006). Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders in a population cohort of children in South East Thames: The Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). The Lancet, 368, 210–215.CrossRef Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006). Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders in a population cohort of children in South East Thames: The Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). The Lancet, 368, 210–215.CrossRef
go back to reference Carper, R. A., & Courchesne, E. (2005). Localized enlargement of the frontal cortex in early autism. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 126–133.PubMedCrossRef Carper, R. A., & Courchesne, E. (2005). Localized enlargement of the frontal cortex in early autism. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 126–133.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chakrabarti, S., & Fombonne, E. (2001). Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 3093–3099.PubMedCrossRef Chakrabarti, S., & Fombonne, E. (2001). Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 3093–3099.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dahlgren, S. O., & Gillberg, C. (1989). Symptoms in the 1st 2 years of life—A preliminary population study of infantile-autism. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 238, 169–174. Dahlgren, S. O., & Gillberg, C. (1989). Symptoms in the 1st 2 years of life—A preliminary population study of infantile-autism. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 238, 169–174.
go back to reference Davidovitch, M., Glick, L., Holtzman, G., Tirosh, E., & Safir, M. P. (2000). Developmental regression in autism: Maternal perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 113–119.PubMedCrossRef Davidovitch, M., Glick, L., Holtzman, G., Tirosh, E., & Safir, M. P. (2000). Developmental regression in autism: Maternal perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 113–119.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference DeStefano, F. (2002). MMR vaccine and autism: A review of the evidence for a causal association. Molecular Psychiatry, 7, S51–S52.PubMedCrossRef DeStefano, F. (2002). MMR vaccine and autism: A review of the evidence for a causal association. Molecular Psychiatry, 7, S51–S52.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Evans-Jones, L. G., & Rosenbloom, L. (1978). Disintegrative psychosis in childhood. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 20, 462–470.PubMed Evans-Jones, L. G., & Rosenbloom, L. (1978). Disintegrative psychosis in childhood. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 20, 462–470.PubMed
go back to reference Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. L., Ashwal, S., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., et al. (2000). Practice parameters: Screening and diagnosis of autism. Neurology, 55, 468–479.PubMed Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. L., Ashwal, S., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., et al. (2000). Practice parameters: Screening and diagnosis of autism. Neurology, 55, 468–479.PubMed
go back to reference Fombonne, E. (2002). Prevalence of childhood disintegrative disorder. Autism, 6, 149–157. Fombonne, E. (2002). Prevalence of childhood disintegrative disorder. Autism, 6, 149–157.
go back to reference Fombonne, E., & Chakrabarti, S. (2001). No evidence for a new variant of measles-mumps-rubella-induced autism. Pediatrics, 108, e58.PubMedCrossRef Fombonne, E., & Chakrabarti, S. (2001). No evidence for a new variant of measles-mumps-rubella-induced autism. Pediatrics, 108, e58.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Honda, H., Shimizu, Y., & Rutter, M. (2005). No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: A total population study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 572–579.PubMedCrossRef Honda, H., Shimizu, Y., & Rutter, M. (2005). No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: A total population study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 572–579.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hoshino, Y., Kanako, M., Yashima, Y., Kumashiro, H., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (1987). Clinical features of autistic children with setback course in their infancy. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology, 41, 237–245.PubMed Hoshino, Y., Kanako, M., Yashima, Y., Kumashiro, H., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (1987). Clinical features of autistic children with setback course in their infancy. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology, 41, 237–245.PubMed
go back to reference Kobayashi, R., & Murata, T. (1998). Setback phenomenon in autism and long-term prognosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 98, 296–303.PubMedCrossRef Kobayashi, R., & Murata, T. (1998). Setback phenomenon in autism and long-term prognosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 98, 296–303.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kurita, H. (1985). Infantile-autism with speech loss before the age of 30 months. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 191–196.CrossRef Kurita, H. (1985). Infantile-autism with speech loss before the age of 30 months. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 191–196.CrossRef
go back to reference Kurita, H., Koyama, T., Setoya, Y., Shimizu, K., & Osada, H. (2004). Validity of childhood disintegrative disorder apart from autistic disorder with speech loss. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, 221–226. Kurita, H., Koyama, T., Setoya, Y., Shimizu, K., & Osada, H. (2004). Validity of childhood disintegrative disorder apart from autistic disorder with speech loss. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, 221–226.
go back to reference Landa, R., & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2006). Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: A prospective study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 629–638.PubMedCrossRef Landa, R., & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2006). Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: A prospective study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 629–638.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Landa, R. J., Holman, K. C., & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2007). Social and communication development in toddlers with early and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 853–864.PubMedCrossRef Landa, R. J., Holman, K. C., & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2007). Social and communication development in toddlers with early and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 853–864.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference LeCouteur, A., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Rios, P., Robertson, S., Holdgrafer, M, et al. (1989). Autism Diagnostic Interview—A standardized investigator-based instrument. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 363–387.CrossRef LeCouteur, A., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Rios, P., Robertson, S., Holdgrafer, M, et al. (1989). Autism Diagnostic Interview—A standardized investigator-based instrument. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 363–387.CrossRef
go back to reference Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205–223.PubMedCrossRef Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205–223.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised—A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659–685.PubMedCrossRef Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised—A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659–685.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lord, C., Shulman, C., & DiLavore, P. (2004). Regression and word loss in autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 936–955.PubMedCrossRef Lord, C., Shulman, C., & DiLavore, P. (2004). Regression and word loss in autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 936–955.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Losche, G. (1990). Sensorimotor and action development in autistic children from infancy to early childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 749–761.PubMedCrossRef Losche, G. (1990). Sensorimotor and action development in autistic children from infancy to early childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 749–761.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Luyster, R., Richler, J., Risi, S., Hsu, W. L., Dawson, G., Bernier, R., et al. (2005). Early regression in social communication in autism spectrum disorders: A CPEA study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 27, 311–336.PubMedCrossRef Luyster, R., Richler, J., Risi, S., Hsu, W. L., Dawson, G., Bernier, R., et al. (2005). Early regression in social communication in autism spectrum disorders: A CPEA study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 27, 311–336.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Malhotra, S., & Gupta, N. (2002). Childhood disintegrative disorder—Re-examination of the current concept. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 11, 108–114.PubMedCrossRef Malhotra, S., & Gupta, N. (2002). Childhood disintegrative disorder—Re-examination of the current concept. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 11, 108–114.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Marshall, C. R., Noor, A., Vincent, J. B., Lionel, A. C., Feuk, L., et al. (2008). Structural variation of chromosomes in autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Human Genetics, 82, 477–488.PubMedCrossRef Marshall, C. R., Noor, A., Vincent, J. B., Lionel, A. C., Feuk, L., et al. (2008). Structural variation of chromosomes in autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Human Genetics, 82, 477–488.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Molloy, C. A., Keddache, M., & Martin, L. J. (2005). Evidence for linkage on 21q and 7q in a subset of autism characterized by developmental regression. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 741–746.PubMedCrossRef Molloy, C. A., Keddache, M., & Martin, L. J. (2005). Evidence for linkage on 21q and 7q in a subset of autism characterized by developmental regression. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 741–746.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Osterling, J., & Dawson, G. (1994). Early recognition of children with autism—A study of 1st birthday home videotapes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 247–257.PubMedCrossRef Osterling, J., & Dawson, G. (1994). Early recognition of children with autism—A study of 1st birthday home videotapes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 247–257.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ozonoff, S., Williams, B. J., & Landa, R. (2005). Parental report of the early development of children with regressive autism—The delays-plus-regression phenotype. Autism, 9, 461–486.PubMedCrossRef Ozonoff, S., Williams, B. J., & Landa, R. (2005). Parental report of the early development of children with regressive autism—The delays-plus-regression phenotype. Autism, 9, 461–486.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Parr, J. R., Lamb, J. A., Bailey, A. J., Monaco, A. P., & The International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium (IMGSAC). (2006). Response to paper by Molloy et al: Linkage on 21q and 7q in autism subset with regression. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 617–619. Parr, J. R., Lamb, J. A., Bailey, A. J., Monaco, A. P., & The International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium (IMGSAC). (2006). Response to paper by Molloy et al: Linkage on 21q and 7q in autism subset with regression. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 617–619.
go back to reference Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Conti-Ramsden, G., Falcaro, M., Simkin, Z., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (under review). Loss of language in early development of autism and specific language impairment. Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Conti-Ramsden, G., Falcaro, M., Simkin, Z., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (under review). Loss of language in early development of autism and specific language impairment.
go back to reference Prizant, B. M. (1996). Brief report: Communication, language, social, and emotional development. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 173–178.PubMedCrossRef Prizant, B. M. (1996). Brief report: Communication, language, social, and emotional development. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 173–178.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1990a). Coloured progressive matrices. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1990a). Coloured progressive matrices. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1990b). Standard progressive matrices. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1990b). Standard progressive matrices. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Richler, J., Luyster, R., Risi, S., Hsu, W. L., Dawson, G., & Bernier, R., et al. (2006). Is there a ‘Regressive Phenotype’ of autism spectrum disorder associated with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine? A CPEA Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 299–316.PubMedCrossRef Richler, J., Luyster, R., Risi, S., Hsu, W. L., Dawson, G., & Bernier, R., et al. (2006). Is there a ‘Regressive Phenotype’ of autism spectrum disorder associated with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine? A CPEA Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 299–316.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Robinson, R. O., Baird, G., Robinson, G., & Simonoff, E. (2001). Landau-Kleffner syndrome: Course and correlates with outcome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 48, 243–247.CrossRef Robinson, R. O., Baird, G., Robinson, G., & Simonoff, E. (2001). Landau-Kleffner syndrome: Course and correlates with outcome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 48, 243–247.CrossRef
go back to reference Rogers, S. J., & DiLalla, D. (1990). Age of symptom onset in young children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 863–872.PubMedCrossRef Rogers, S. J., & DiLalla, D. (1990). Age of symptom onset in young children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 863–872.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services. Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
go back to reference Shinnar, S., Rapin, I., Arnold, S., Tuchman, R. F., Shulman, L., Ballaban-Gil, K., et al. (2001). Language regression in childhood. Pediatric Neurology, 24, 183–189.PubMedCrossRef Shinnar, S., Rapin, I., Arnold, S., Tuchman, R. F., Shulman, L., Ballaban-Gil, K., et al. (2001). Language regression in childhood. Pediatric Neurology, 24, 183–189.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cichetti, D. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales. Circle Pines, Minnesota: American Guidance Services. Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cichetti, D. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales. Circle Pines, Minnesota: American Guidance Services.
go back to reference Stata Statistical Software Release 9.0: Survey Data Manual. (2005). College Station, TX: Stata Corporation. Stata Statistical Software Release 9.0: Survey Data Manual. (2005). College Station, TX: Stata Corporation.
go back to reference Taylor, B., Miller, E., Lingam, R., Andrews, N., Simmons, A., & Stowe, J. (2002). Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: Population study. British Medical Journal, 324, 393–396.PubMedCrossRef Taylor, B., Miller, E., Lingam, R., Andrews, N., Simmons, A., & Stowe, J. (2002). Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: Population study. British Medical Journal, 324, 393–396.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tuchman, R. F., & Rapin, I. (1997). Regression in pervasive developmental disorders: Seizures and epileptiform electroencephalogram correlates. Pediatrics, 99, 560–566.PubMedCrossRef Tuchman, R. F., & Rapin, I. (1997). Regression in pervasive developmental disorders: Seizures and epileptiform electroencephalogram correlates. Pediatrics, 99, 560–566.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Valicenti-McDermott, M., McVicar, K., Rapin, I., Wershil, B. K., Cohen, H., & Shinnar, S. (2006). Frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders and association with family history of autoimmune disease. Journal of Developmental Behavior and Pediatrics, 27, S128–S136.CrossRef Valicenti-McDermott, M., McVicar, K., Rapin, I., Wershil, B. K., Cohen, H., & Shinnar, S. (2006). Frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders and association with family history of autoimmune disease. Journal of Developmental Behavior and Pediatrics, 27, S128–S136.CrossRef
go back to reference Volkmar, F. R., & Cohen, D. J. (1989). Disintegrative disorder or late onset autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 717–724.PubMedCrossRef Volkmar, F. R., & Cohen, D. J. (1989). Disintegrative disorder or late onset autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 717–724.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wechsler, D. (1992). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (III-UK Edition). London: The Psychological Corporation. Wechsler, D. (1992). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (III-UK Edition). London: The Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Weiss, L. A., Shen, Y., Korn, J. M., Arking, D. E., Miller, D. T., Fossdal, R., et al. (2008). Association between microdeletion and microduplication at 16p11.2 and autism. New England Journal of Medicine, eprint Jan 9 2008. Weiss, L. A., Shen, Y., Korn, J. M., Arking, D. E., Miller, D. T., Fossdal, R., et al. (2008). Association between microdeletion and microduplication at 16p11.2 and autism. New England Journal of Medicine, eprint Jan 9 2008.
go back to reference Werner, E., & Dawson, G. (2005). Validation of the phenomenon of autistic regression using home videotapes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 889–893.PubMedCrossRef Werner, E., & Dawson, G. (2005). Validation of the phenomenon of autistic regression using home videotapes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 889–893.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Werner, E., Dawson, G., Munson, J., & Osterling, J. (2005). Variation in early developmental course in autism and its relation with behavioral outcome at 3–4 years of age. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 337–350.PubMedCrossRef Werner, E., Dawson, G., Munson, J., & Osterling, J. (2005). Variation in early developmental course in autism and its relation with behavioral outcome at 3–4 years of age. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 337–350.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wing, L., Leekam, S. R., Libby, S. J., Gould, J., & Larcombe, M. (2002). The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders: Background, inter-rater reliability and clinical use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 307–325.PubMedCrossRef Wing, L., Leekam, S. R., Libby, S. J., Gould, J., & Larcombe, M. (2002). The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders: Background, inter-rater reliability and clinical use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 307–325.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference World Health Organisation. (1993). Mental disorders: A glossary and guide to their classification in accordance with the 10th revision of the international classification of diseases: Research diagnostic criteria (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO. World Health Organisation. (1993). Mental disorders: A glossary and guide to their classification in accordance with the 10th revision of the international classification of diseases: Research diagnostic criteria (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO.
Metagegevens
Titel
Regression, Developmental Trajectory and Associated Problems in Disorders in the Autism Spectrum: The SNAP Study
Auteurs
Gillian Baird
Tony Charman
Andrew Pickles
Susie Chandler
Tom Loucas
David Meldrum
Iris Carcani-Rathwell
Devanitha Serkana
Emily Simonoff
Publicatiedatum
01-11-2008
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 10/2008
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0571-9

Andere artikelen Uitgave 10/2008

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 10/2008 Naar de uitgave