Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 6/2006

01-08-2006 | Original Paper

An Open-Label Study of Controlled-Release Melatonin in Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Children with Autism

Auteurs: F. Giannotti, F. Cortesi, A. Cerquiglini, P. Bernabei

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 6/2006

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Long-term effectiveness of controlled-release melatonin in 25 children, aged 2.6–9.6 years with autism without other coexistent pathologies was evaluated openly. Sleep patterns were studied using Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and sleep diaries at baseline, after 1–3–6 months melatonin treatment and 1 month after discontinuation. Sleep diary and CSHQ showed a more problematic sleep in autistic children compared with controls. During treatment sleep patterns of all children improved. After discontinuation 16 children returned to pre-treatment score, readministration of melatonin was again effective. Treatment gains were maintained at 12 and 24-month follow-ups. No adverse side effects were reported. In conclusion, controlled-release melatonin may provide an effective and well-tolerated treatment for autistic children with chronic sleep disorders.
Literatuur
go back to reference Akaboshi, S., Inoue, Y., Kubota, N., & Takeshita, K. (2000). Case of a mentally retarded child with non-24 hour sleep–wake syndrome caused by deficiency of melatonin secretion. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 54(3), 379–80.CrossRef Akaboshi, S., Inoue, Y., Kubota, N., & Takeshita, K. (2000). Case of a mentally retarded child with non-24 hour sleep–wake syndrome caused by deficiency of melatonin secretion. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 54(3), 379–80.CrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Arendt, J. (1997). Safety of melatonin in long-term use (?). Journal of Biological Rhythms, 12(6), 673–681.PubMedCrossRef Arendt, J. (1997). Safety of melatonin in long-term use (?). Journal of Biological Rhythms, 12(6), 673–681.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Arendt, J. (2003). Importance and relevance of melatonin to human biological rhythms. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 15, 427–431.PubMedCrossRef Arendt, J. (2003). Importance and relevance of melatonin to human biological rhythms. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 15, 427–431.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cajochen, C., Krauchi, K., & Wirz-Justice, A. (2003). Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 15, 432–437.PubMedCrossRef Cajochen, C., Krauchi, K., & Wirz-Justice, A. (2003). Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 15, 432–437.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Davidovitch, M., Glick, L., Holtzman, G., Tirosh, E., & Safir, M. P. (2000). Developmental regression in Autism: Maternal perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(2), 113–119.PubMedCrossRef Davidovitch, M., Glick, L., Holtzman, G., Tirosh, E., & Safir, M. P. (2000). Developmental regression in Autism: Maternal perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(2), 113–119.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dolberg, O. T., Hirschmann, S., & Grunhaus, L. (1998). Melatonin for the treatment of sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(8), 1119–21.PubMed Dolberg, O. T., Hirschmann, S., & Grunhaus, L. (1998). Melatonin for the treatment of sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(8), 1119–21.PubMed
go back to reference Fombonne, E. (2003). Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: an update. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(4), 365–382.PubMedCrossRef Fombonne, E. (2003). Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: an update. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(4), 365–382.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Garfin, D. G., McCallon, D., & Cox, R. (1988). Validity and reliability of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with autistic adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18(3), 367–78.PubMedCrossRef Garfin, D. G., McCallon, D., & Cox, R. (1988). Validity and reliability of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with autistic adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18(3), 367–78.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Garfinkel, D., Laudon, M., & Zisapel, N. (1997). Improvement of sleep quality by controlled-release melatonin in benzodiazepine-treated elderly insomniacs. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 24, 223–231.PubMedCrossRef Garfinkel, D., Laudon, M., & Zisapel, N. (1997). Improvement of sleep quality by controlled-release melatonin in benzodiazepine-treated elderly insomniacs. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 24, 223–231.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Griffiths, R. (1970). The abilities of young children: A comprehensive system of measurement for the first years of life. Oxon: The test agency limited. Griffiths, R. (1970). The abilities of young children: A comprehensive system of measurement for the first years of life. Oxon: The test agency limited.
go back to reference Haimov, I., Lavie, P., Laudon, M., Herer, P., Vigder, C., & Zisapel, N. (1995). Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs. Sleep, 18(7), 598–603.PubMed Haimov, I., Lavie, P., Laudon, M., Herer, P., Vigder, C., & Zisapel, N. (1995). Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs. Sleep, 18(7), 598–603.PubMed
go back to reference Hayashi, E. (2000). Effect of melatonin on sleep–wake rhythm: The sleep diary of an autistic male. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 54, 383–384.PubMedCrossRef Hayashi, E. (2000). Effect of melatonin on sleep–wake rhythm: The sleep diary of an autistic male. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 54, 383–384.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hering, E., Epstein, R., Elroy, S., Iancu, D. R., & Zelnik, N. (1999). Sleep patterns in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(2), 143–147.PubMedCrossRef Hering, E., Epstein, R., Elroy, S., Iancu, D. R., & Zelnik, N. (1999). Sleep patterns in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(2), 143–147.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hoffmann, A., Farker, K., Dittgen, M., & Hoffmann, H. (1999). A melatonin preparation with a pulsatile liberation pattern: A new form of melatonin in replacement therapy. Biological Signals and Receptors, (1–2), 96–104. Hoffmann, A., Farker, K., Dittgen, M., & Hoffmann, H. (1999). A melatonin preparation with a pulsatile liberation pattern: A new form of melatonin in replacement therapy. Biological Signals and Receptors, (1–2), 96–104.
go back to reference Honomichl, R. D., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., Burnham, M., Gaylor, E., & Anders, T. F. (2002). Sleep patterns of children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(6), 553–561.PubMedCrossRef Honomichl, R. D., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., Burnham, M., Gaylor, E., & Anders, T. F. (2002). Sleep patterns of children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(6), 553–561.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hoshino, Y., Kaneko, M., Yashina, Y., Kumashiro, H., Volkmar, F. R., & Cohen, D. J. (1987). Clinical features of autistic children with setback course in their infancy. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 237–246. Hoshino, Y., Kaneko, M., Yashina, Y., Kumashiro, H., Volkmar, F. R., & Cohen, D. J. (1987). Clinical features of autistic children with setback course in their infancy. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 237–246.
go back to reference Hoshino, Y., Watanabe, H., Yashima, Y., Kaneko, M., & Kumashiro, H. (1984). An investigation on sleep disturbance of autistic children. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn., 38(1), 45–51.PubMed Hoshino, Y., Watanabe, H., Yashima, Y., Kaneko, M., & Kumashiro, H. (1984). An investigation on sleep disturbance of autistic children. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn., 38(1), 45–51.PubMed
go back to reference Inumama, K. (1984). Sleep–wake pattern in autistic children. Japan Journal of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, 25(4), 205–217. Inumama, K. (1984). Sleep–wake pattern in autistic children. Japan Journal of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, 25(4), 205–217.
go back to reference Jan, J. E., & Freeman, R. D. (2004). Melatonin therapy for circadian rhythm sleep disorders in children with multiple disabilities: What have we learned in the last decade? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 46, 776–782.PubMedCrossRef Jan, J. E., & Freeman, R. D. (2004). Melatonin therapy for circadian rhythm sleep disorders in children with multiple disabilities: What have we learned in the last decade? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 46, 776–782.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jan, J. E., Freeman, R. D., & Fast, D. K. (1999). Melatonin treatment of sleep/wake cycle disorders in children and adolescents. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41, 491–500.PubMedCrossRef Jan, J. E., Freeman, R. D., & Fast, D. K. (1999). Melatonin treatment of sleep/wake cycle disorders in children and adolescents. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41, 491–500.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jan, J. E., Hamilton, D., Seward, N., Fast, D. K., Freeman, R. D., & Laudon, M. (2000). Clinical trials of controlled-release melatonin in children with sleep–wake cycle disorders. Journal of Pineal Research, 29(1), 34–39.PubMedCrossRef Jan, J. E., Hamilton, D., Seward, N., Fast, D. K., Freeman, R. D., & Laudon, M. (2000). Clinical trials of controlled-release melatonin in children with sleep–wake cycle disorders. Journal of Pineal Research, 29(1), 34–39.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jan, J. E., & O’Donnel, M. E. (1996). Use of melatonin in the treatment of pediatric sleep disorders. Journal of Pineal Research, 21, 193–199.PubMedCrossRef Jan, J. E., & O’Donnel, M. E. (1996). Use of melatonin in the treatment of pediatric sleep disorders. Journal of Pineal Research, 21, 193–199.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Johnson, C. R. (1996). Sleep problems in children with mental retardation and autism. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics of North-America, 5, 673–683. Johnson, C. R. (1996). Sleep problems in children with mental retardation and autism. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics of North-America, 5, 673–683.
go back to reference Konstantareas, M. M., & Homatidis, S. (1989). Assessing child symptoms severity and stress in parents of autistic children. Journal of Child Psychopathology and Psychiatry, 30, 459–470.CrossRef Konstantareas, M. M., & Homatidis, S. (1989). Assessing child symptoms severity and stress in parents of autistic children. Journal of Child Psychopathology and Psychiatry, 30, 459–470.CrossRef
go back to reference Lavie, P., Haimov, I., & Shochat, T. (1997). Melatonin-shutting off wakefullness system. In G. J. M. Maestroni, A. Conti, R. J. Reiter (Eds.) Therapeutic potential of melatonin. (pp. 149–160). New York: Karger. Lavie, P., Haimov, I., & Shochat, T. (1997). Melatonin-shutting off wakefullness system. In G. J. M. Maestroni, A. Conti, R. J. Reiter (Eds.) Therapeutic potential of melatonin. (pp. 149–160). New York: Karger.
go back to reference Leiter, R. G. (1979). Leiter international performance scale. Chicago, IL USA: Stoelting Company. Leiter, R. G. (1979). Leiter international performance scale. Chicago, IL USA: Stoelting Company.
go back to reference McArthur, A. J., & Budden, S. S. (1998). Sleep dysfunction in Rett syndrome: A trial of exogenous melatonin treatment. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 40(3), 186–192.PubMedCrossRef McArthur, A. J., & Budden, S. S. (1998). Sleep dysfunction in Rett syndrome: A trial of exogenous melatonin treatment. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 40(3), 186–192.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Myamoto, A., Oki, J., Takahashi, S., & Okuno, A. (1999). Serum melatonin kinetics and long-term melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in Rett syndrome. Brain Developmental, 21, 59–62.CrossRef Myamoto, A., Oki, J., Takahashi, S., & Okuno, A. (1999). Serum melatonin kinetics and long-term melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in Rett syndrome. Brain Developmental, 21, 59–62.CrossRef
go back to reference Nir, I., Meier, D., Zilber, N., Knobler, H., Hadjez, J., & Lerner, Y. (1995). Brief report: Circadian melatonin, thyroid-stimulating hormane, prolactin and cortisol levels in serum of young adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 641–654.PubMedCrossRef Nir, I., Meier, D., Zilber, N., Knobler, H., Hadjez, J., & Lerner, Y. (1995). Brief report: Circadian melatonin, thyroid-stimulating hormane, prolactin and cortisol levels in serum of young adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 641–654.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Owens, J. A., Spirito, A., & McQuinn, M. (2000). The children’s sleep habits questionnaire. Psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep, 23(8), 1043–1051.PubMed Owens, J. A., Spirito, A., & McQuinn, M. (2000). The children’s sleep habits questionnaire. Psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep, 23(8), 1043–1051.PubMed
go back to reference Paavonen, E. J., Nieminen-von Wendt, T., Vanhala, R., Aronen, E. T., & von Wendt, L. (2003). Effectiveness of melatonin in the treatment of sleep disturbances in children with Asperger disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 13(1), 83–95.PubMedCrossRef Paavonen, E. J., Nieminen-von Wendt, T., Vanhala, R., Aronen, E. T., & von Wendt, L. (2003). Effectiveness of melatonin in the treatment of sleep disturbances in children with Asperger disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 13(1), 83–95.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Palm, L., Blennow, G., & Wetterberg, L. (1997). Long-term melatonin treatment in blind children and young adults with circadian sleep–wake disturbances. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 39(5), 319–325.PubMedCrossRef Palm, L., Blennow, G., & Wetterberg, L. (1997). Long-term melatonin treatment in blind children and young adults with circadian sleep–wake disturbances. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 39(5), 319–325.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Patzold, L. M., Richdale, A. L., & Tonge, B. J. (1998). An investigation into sleep characteristics of children with autism and asperger’s disorders. Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health, 34(6), 528–533.CrossRef Patzold, L. M., Richdale, A. L., & Tonge, B. J. (1998). An investigation into sleep characteristics of children with autism and asperger’s disorders. Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health, 34(6), 528–533.CrossRef
go back to reference Pillar, G., Etzioni, A., Shahar, E., & Lavie, P. (1998). Melatonin treatment in an institutionalised child with psychomotor retardation and an irregular sleep–wake pattern. Archives of Diseases in Children, 79(1), 63–64.CrossRef Pillar, G., Etzioni, A., Shahar, E., & Lavie, P. (1998). Melatonin treatment in an institutionalised child with psychomotor retardation and an irregular sleep–wake pattern. Archives of Diseases in Children, 79(1), 63–64.CrossRef
go back to reference Richdale, A. L. (1992). An investigation of circadian rhythms in childhood autism. Australia: Unpublished doctoral dissertation, La Trobe University Victoria. Richdale, A. L. (1992). An investigation of circadian rhythms in childhood autism. Australia: Unpublished doctoral dissertation, La Trobe University Victoria.
go back to reference Richdale, A. L. (1999). Sleep problems in autism: Prevalence, cause, and intervention. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41(1), 60–66.PubMedCrossRef Richdale, A. L. (1999). Sleep problems in autism: Prevalence, cause, and intervention. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41(1), 60–66.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Richdale, A. L., Francis, A., Gavidia, S. G., & Cotton, S. (1999). Stress, behaviour and sleep problems in children with an intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 25, 147–161.CrossRef Richdale, A. L., Francis, A., Gavidia, S. G., & Cotton, S. (1999). Stress, behaviour and sleep problems in children with an intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 25, 147–161.CrossRef
go back to reference Ritvo, E. R., Ritvo, R., Yuwiller, A., Brother, A., Freeman, B. J., & Plotkin, S. (1993). Elevated daytime melatonin concentrations in autism: A pilot study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2, 75–78.CrossRef Ritvo, E. R., Ritvo, R., Yuwiller, A., Brother, A., Freeman, B. J., & Plotkin, S. (1993). Elevated daytime melatonin concentrations in autism: A pilot study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2, 75–78.CrossRef
go back to reference Robinson, A. M., & Richdale, A. L. (2004). Sleep problems in children with intellectual disability: Parental perception of sleep problems and views of treatment effectiveness. Child, Care, Health and Development, 30, 139–150.CrossRef Robinson, A. M., & Richdale, A. L. (2004). Sleep problems in children with intellectual disability: Parental perception of sleep problems and views of treatment effectiveness. Child, Care, Health and Development, 30, 139–150.CrossRef
go back to reference Ross, C., Davies, P., & Whitehouse, W. (2002). Melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: An observational study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 44, 339–344.PubMedCrossRef Ross, C., Davies, P., & Whitehouse, W. (2002). Melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: An observational study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 44, 339–344.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sachs, R. L., Hughes, R. J., Edgar, D. M., & Lewy, A. J. (1997). Sleep promoting effects of melatonin: At what doses, in whom, under what conditions and by what mechanisms. Sleep, 20 , 192–197. Sachs, R. L., Hughes, R. J., Edgar, D. M., & Lewy, A. J. (1997). Sleep promoting effects of melatonin: At what doses, in whom, under what conditions and by what mechanisms. Sleep, 20 , 192–197.
go back to reference Saebra M. L. V., Bignotto M., Pinto L. R. Jr., & Tufik S. (2000). Randomized double-blind clinical trial, controlled with placebo, of the toxicology of chronic melatonin treatment. Journal of Pineal Research, 29, 193–200.CrossRef Saebra M. L. V., Bignotto M., Pinto L. R. Jr., & Tufik S. (2000). Randomized double-blind clinical trial, controlled with placebo, of the toxicology of chronic melatonin treatment. Journal of Pineal Research, 29, 193–200.CrossRef
go back to reference Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., DEVellis, R. F., & Daly, K. (1980). Towars objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10, 91–103.PubMedCrossRef Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., DEVellis, R. F., & Daly, K. (1980). Towars objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10, 91–103.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1988). The childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Los Angeles: California Western Psychological Services. Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1988). The childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Los Angeles: California Western Psychological Services.
go back to reference Schreck, K. A., & Mulick, J. A. (2000). Parental reports of sleep problems in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 5, 211–223. Schreck, K. A., & Mulick, J. A. (2000). Parental reports of sleep problems in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 5, 211–223.
go back to reference Schreck, K. A., Mulick, J. A., & Smith, A. F. (2004). Sleep problems as a possible predictors of intensified symptoms of autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25, 57–66.PubMedCrossRef Schreck, K. A., Mulick, J. A., & Smith, A. F. (2004). Sleep problems as a possible predictors of intensified symptoms of autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25, 57–66.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Segawa, M., Katoh, M., Katoh, J., & Nomura, Y. (1992). Early modulation of sleep parameters and its importance in later behavior. Brain Dysfunction, 5, 211–223. Segawa, M., Katoh, M., Katoh, J., & Nomura, Y. (1992). Early modulation of sleep parameters and its importance in later behavior. Brain Dysfunction, 5, 211–223.
go back to reference Smits, M. G., van Stel, H. F., van der Heiden, K., Meijer, A. M., Coenen, A. M. L., & Kerkhof, G. A. (2003). Melatonin improves health status and sleep in children with idiopathic chronic sleep-onset insomnia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1286–1293.CrossRef Smits, M. G., van Stel, H. F., van der Heiden, K., Meijer, A. M., Coenen, A. M. L., & Kerkhof, G. A. (2003). Melatonin improves health status and sleep in children with idiopathic chronic sleep-onset insomnia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1286–1293.CrossRef
go back to reference Taira, M., Takase, M., & Sasaki, H. (1998). Sleep disorder in children with autism. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 52(2), 182–183.PubMedCrossRef Taira, M., Takase, M., & Sasaki, H. (1998). Sleep disorder in children with autism. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 52(2), 182–183.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Takase, M., Taira, M., & Sasaki, H. (1988). Sleep–wake rhythm of autitistic children. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 52(2), 181–182.CrossRef Takase, M., Taira, M., & Sasaki, H. (1988). Sleep–wake rhythm of autitistic children. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 52(2), 181–182.CrossRef
go back to reference Teal, M., & Wiebe, M. (1986). A validity analysis of selected instruments used to assess autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 16, 485–494.PubMedCrossRef Teal, M., & Wiebe, M. (1986). A validity analysis of selected instruments used to assess autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 16, 485–494.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Uzgiris, I. C., & Hunt, J. M. C. V. (1975). Assessment in infancy. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. Uzgiris, I. C., & Hunt, J. M. C. V. (1975). Assessment in infancy. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
go back to reference Verbelke, G., & Molenberghs, G. (2000). Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. New York: Springer. Verbelke, G., & Molenberghs, G. (2000). Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. New York: Springer.
go back to reference Wiggs, L. (2001). Sleep problems in children with developmental disorders. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94, 177–179.PubMed Wiggs, L. (2001). Sleep problems in children with developmental disorders. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94, 177–179.PubMed
go back to reference Williams, P. G., Sears Lonnie, L., & Allard, A. (2004). Sleep problems in children with autism. Journal of Sleep Research, 13, 265–268.CrossRef Williams, P. G., Sears Lonnie, L., & Allard, A. (2004). Sleep problems in children with autism. Journal of Sleep Research, 13, 265–268.CrossRef
go back to reference Zhdanova, I. V., Lynch, H. J., & Wurtman, R. G. (1997). Melatonin: A sleep promoting hormone. Sleep, 20, 899–907.PubMed Zhdanova, I. V., Lynch, H. J., & Wurtman, R. G. (1997). Melatonin: A sleep promoting hormone. Sleep, 20, 899–907.PubMed
go back to reference Zhdanova, I. V., Wurtman, R. J., & Wagstaff, J. (1999). Effects of a low dose of melatonin on sleep in children with Angelman syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology Metab, 12(1), 57–67. Zhdanova, I. V., Wurtman, R. J., & Wagstaff, J. (1999). Effects of a low dose of melatonin on sleep in children with Angelman syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology Metab, 12(1), 57–67.
Metagegevens
Titel
An Open-Label Study of Controlled-Release Melatonin in Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Children with Autism
Auteurs
F. Giannotti
F. Cortesi
A. Cerquiglini
P. Bernabei
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2006
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 6/2006
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0116-z

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2006

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 6/2006 Naar de uitgave