Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 2/2022

05-04-2021

Longitudinal Links among Mother and Child Emotion Regulation, Maternal Emotion Socialization, and Child Anxiety

Auteurs: Natalee N. Price, Elizabeth J. Kiel

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 2/2022

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Models of transdiagnostic family emotion processes recognize parents’ emotion-related characteristics and behaviors as key contributors to child emotional development and psychological functioning. One such psychological outcome, child anxiety, is prevalent and early emerging, underscoring the importance of identifying early family- and emotion-related mechanisms involved in anxiety risk. We investigated the extent to which mother and child emotion-related traits and behaviors related to child anxiety in a community sample of 175 mother–child dyads. Using three time-points (child ages 2–4 years, assessments 1 year apart), we examined how mothers’ emotion dysregulation predicted their emotion socialization practices (either supportive or non-supportive) and children’s emotion regulation (ER; either attention- or caregiver-focused) over time, in relation to later child anxiety. Models controlled for child inhibited temperament and also tested the role of maternal anxiety in these trajectories. Mothers reported on their emotion dysregulation, emotion socialization, and their own and their child’s anxiety, whereas child ER and inhibited temperament were measured using laboratory observation. In supportive emotion socialization models, maternal emotion dysregulation predicted child anxiety 2 years later. An indirect effect emerged, such that greater maternal emotion dysregulation predicted greater non-supportive emotion socialization, which in turn related to children’s greater caregiver-focused ER. Maternal emotion dysregulation, maternal anxiety, and child inhibited temperament each predicted child anxiety above and beyond other variables, although their shared variance likely accounted for some of the results. Findings lend partial support to current theoretical models of transdiagnostic family emotion processes and child anxiety development, suggesting promising avenues of future research.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Voetnoten
1
We used gender-specific 10th percentile cutoffs for the Anxiety/Worry and Inhibition to Novelty ITSEA scores and clinical cut-off scores of the PAS subscales scores to identify that 30.4% (N = 34) met or exceeded the clinical cutoff for at least one measure, suggesting that anxious children were well represented in our sample.
 
2
We used PSWQ and SIAS sum scores of ≥ 54 and 34, respectively, to identify that 34.8% of mothers in our sample met or exceeded the clinical cutoff of at least one measure, suggesting that anxious mothers were well represented.
 
3
Maternal education (in years) and family annual income (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) were z-scored and averaged for SES.
 
4
We thank an anonymous reviewer for this paragraph’s suggestions and explanations.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217–237.PubMedCrossRef Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217–237.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Berg-Nielsen, T. S., Vikan, A., & Dahl, A. A. (2002). Parenting related to child and parental psychopathology: A descriptive review of the literature. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(4), 529–552.CrossRef Berg-Nielsen, T. S., Vikan, A., & Dahl, A. A. (2002). Parenting related to child and parental psychopathology: A descriptive review of the literature. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(4), 529–552.CrossRef
go back to reference Bridges, L., & Grolnick, W. (1995). The development of emotional self-regulation in infancy and early childhood. In Nancy Eisenberg (Ed.), Social Development (pp. 185–211). Sage. Bridges, L., & Grolnick, W. (1995). The development of emotional self-regulation in infancy and early childhood. In Nancy Eisenberg (Ed.), Social Development (pp. 185–211). Sage.
go back to reference Brown, E. J., Turovsky, J., Heimberg, R. G., Juster, H. R., &, , et al. (1997). Validation of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale across the anxiety disorders. Psychological Assessment, 9(1), 21–27.CrossRef Brown, E. J., Turovsky, J., Heimberg, R. G., Juster, H. R., &, , et al. (1997). Validation of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale across the anxiety disorders. Psychological Assessment, 9(1), 21–27.CrossRef
go back to reference Buckholdt, K. E., Parra, G. R., & Jobe-Shields, L. (2014). Intergenerational transmission of emotion dysregulation through parental invalidation of emotions: Implications for adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(2), 324–332.PubMedCrossRef Buckholdt, K. E., Parra, G. R., & Jobe-Shields, L. (2014). Intergenerational transmission of emotion dysregulation through parental invalidation of emotions: Implications for adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(2), 324–332.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Buss, K. A. (2011). Which fearful toddlers should we worry about? Context, fear regulation, and anxiety risk. Developmental Psychology, 47(3), 804–819.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Buss, K. A. (2011). Which fearful toddlers should we worry about? Context, fear regulation, and anxiety risk. Developmental Psychology, 47(3), 804–819.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Buss, K. A., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2000). Manual and normative data for the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery-Toddler Version. Buss, K. A., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2000). Manual and normative data for the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery-Toddler Version.
go back to reference Buss, K. A., & Goldsmith, H. H. (1998). Fear and anger regulation in infancy: Effects on the temporal dynamics of affective expression. Child Development, 69(2), 359–374.PubMedCrossRef Buss, K. A., & Goldsmith, H. H. (1998). Fear and anger regulation in infancy: Effects on the temporal dynamics of affective expression. Child Development, 69(2), 359–374.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Calkins, S. D. (2007). The emergence of self-regulation: Biological and behavioral control mechanisms supporting toddler competencies. In C. Brownell & C. Kopp (Eds.), Socioemotional development in the toddler years: Transitions and transformations (pp. 261–284). Guilford Press. Calkins, S. D. (2007). The emergence of self-regulation: Biological and behavioral control mechanisms supporting toddler competencies. In C. Brownell & C. Kopp (Eds.), Socioemotional development in the toddler years: Transitions and transformations (pp. 261–284). Guilford Press.
go back to reference Carter, A. S., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Jones, S. M., & Little, T. D. (2003). The Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 495–514.PubMedCrossRef Carter, A. S., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Jones, S. M., & Little, T. D. (2003). The Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 495–514.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chavira, D. A., Stein, M. B., Bailey, K., & Stein, M. T. (2004). Child anxiety in primary care: Prevalent but untreated. Depression and Anxiety, 20(4), 155–164.PubMedCrossRef Chavira, D. A., Stein, M. B., Bailey, K., & Stein, M. T. (2004). Child anxiety in primary care: Prevalent but untreated. Depression and Anxiety, 20(4), 155–164.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cole, P. M., Dennis, T. A., Smith-Simon, K. E., & Cohen, L. H. (2009). Preschoolers’ emotion regulation strategy understanding: Relations with emotion socialization and child self-regulation. Social Development, 18(2), 324–352.CrossRef Cole, P. M., Dennis, T. A., Smith-Simon, K. E., & Cohen, L. H. (2009). Preschoolers’ emotion regulation strategy understanding: Relations with emotion socialization and child self-regulation. Social Development, 18(2), 324–352.CrossRef
go back to reference Diener, M. L., & Mangelsdorf, S. C. (1999). Behavioral strategies for emotion regulation in toddlers: Associations with maternal involvement and emotional expressions. Infant Behavior and Development, 22(4), 569–583.CrossRef Diener, M. L., & Mangelsdorf, S. C. (1999). Behavioral strategies for emotion regulation in toddlers: Associations with maternal involvement and emotional expressions. Infant Behavior and Development, 22(4), 569–583.CrossRef
go back to reference Dunbar, A. S., Leerkes, E. M., Coard, S. I., Supple, A. J., & Calkins, S. (2017). An integrative conceptual model of parental racial/ethnic and emotion socialization and links to children’s social-emotional development among African American families. Child Development Perspectives, 11(1), 16–22.CrossRef Dunbar, A. S., Leerkes, E. M., Coard, S. I., Supple, A. J., & Calkins, S. (2017). An integrative conceptual model of parental racial/ethnic and emotion socialization and links to children’s social-emotional development among African American families. Child Development Perspectives, 11(1), 16–22.CrossRef
go back to reference Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8(3), 430–457.CrossRef Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8(3), 430–457.CrossRef
go back to reference Fabes, R. A., Leonard, S. A., Kupanoff, K., & Martin, C. L. (2001). Parental coping with children’s negative emotions: Relations with children’s emotional and social responding. Child Development, 72(3), 907–920.PubMedCrossRef Fabes, R. A., Leonard, S. A., Kupanoff, K., & Martin, C. L. (2001). Parental coping with children’s negative emotions: Relations with children’s emotional and social responding. Child Development, 72(3), 907–920.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. (2002). The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with children’s emotional competence. Marriage & Family Review, 34(3–4), 285–310.CrossRef Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. (2002). The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with children’s emotional competence. Marriage & Family Review, 34(3–4), 285–310.CrossRef
go back to reference Graham, J. W. (2009). Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 549–576.PubMedCrossRef Graham, J. W. (2009). Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 549–576.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, 41–54. Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, 41–54.
go back to reference Grolnick, W. S., Bridges, L. J., & Connell, J. P. (1996). Emotion regulation in two-year-olds: Strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. Child Development, 67(3), 928–941.PubMedCrossRef Grolnick, W. S., Bridges, L. J., & Connell, J. P. (1996). Emotion regulation in two-year-olds: Strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. Child Development, 67(3), 928–941.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gudmundson, J. A., & Leerkes, E. M. (2012). Links between mothers’ coping styles, toddler reactivity, and sensitivity to toddler’s negative emotions. Infant Behavior and Development, 35(1), 158–166.PubMedCrossRef Gudmundson, J. A., & Leerkes, E. M. (2012). Links between mothers’ coping styles, toddler reactivity, and sensitivity to toddler’s negative emotions. Infant Behavior and Development, 35(1), 158–166.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hajal, N. J., & Paley, B. (2020). Parental emotion and emotion regulation: A critical target of study for research and intervention to promote child emotion socialization. Developmental Psychology, 56(3), 403–417.PubMedCrossRef Hajal, N. J., & Paley, B. (2020). Parental emotion and emotion regulation: A critical target of study for research and intervention to promote child emotion socialization. Developmental Psychology, 56(3), 403–417.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Han, Z. R., & Shaffer, A. (2013). The relation of parental emotion dysregulation to children’s psychopathology symptoms: The moderating role of child emotion dysregulation. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 44(5), 591–601.CrossRef Han, Z. R., & Shaffer, A. (2013). The relation of parental emotion dysregulation to children’s psychopathology symptoms: The moderating role of child emotion dysregulation. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 44(5), 591–601.CrossRef
go back to reference Hooper, E. G., Wu, Q., Ku, S., Gerhardt, M., & Feng, X. (2018). Maternal emotion socialization and child outcomes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(6), 1870–1880.CrossRef Hooper, E. G., Wu, Q., Ku, S., Gerhardt, M., & Feng, X. (2018). Maternal emotion socialization and child outcomes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(6), 1870–1880.CrossRef
go back to reference Hurrell, K. E., Hudson, J. L., & Schniering, C. A. (2015). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relationships with emotion regulation in children with an anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29(January), 72–82.PubMedCrossRef Hurrell, K. E., Hudson, J. L., & Schniering, C. A. (2015). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relationships with emotion regulation in children with an anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29(January), 72–82.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S., & Gibbons, J. (1989). Inhibited and uninhibited types of children. Child Development, 60(4), 838–845.PubMedCrossRef Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S., & Gibbons, J. (1989). Inhibited and uninhibited types of children. Child Development, 60(4), 838–845.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487–495.PubMedCrossRef Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487–495.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mian, N. D., Wainwright, L., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., & Carter, A. S. (2011). An ecological risk model for early childhood anxiety: The importance of early child symptoms and temperament. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(4), 501–512.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mian, N. D., Wainwright, L., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., & Carter, A. S. (2011). An ecological risk model for early childhood anxiety: The importance of early child symptoms and temperament. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(4), 501–512.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Mirabile, S. P., Oertwig, D., & Halberstadt, A. G. (2016). Parent emotion socialization and children’s socioemotional adjustment: When is supportiveness no longer supportive? Social Development, 27(3), 466–481.CrossRef Mirabile, S. P., Oertwig, D., & Halberstadt, A. G. (2016). Parent emotion socialization and children’s socioemotional adjustment: When is supportiveness no longer supportive? Social Development, 27(3), 466–481.CrossRef
go back to reference Morelen, D., Shaffer, A., & Suveg, C. (2016). Maternal emotion regulation: Links to emotion parenting and child emotion regulation. Journal of Family Issues, 37(13), 1–26.CrossRef Morelen, D., Shaffer, A., & Suveg, C. (2016). Maternal emotion regulation: Links to emotion parenting and child emotion regulation. Journal of Family Issues, 37(13), 1–26.CrossRef
go back to reference Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388.PubMedCrossRef Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Muris, P., Meesters, C., Merckelbach, H., Sermon, A., & Zwakhalen, S. (1998). Worry in normal children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 703–710.CrossRef Muris, P., Meesters, C., Merckelbach, H., Sermon, A., & Zwakhalen, S. (1998). Worry in normal children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 703–710.CrossRef
go back to reference Murray, L., Creswell, C., & Cooper, P. (2009). The development of anxiety disorders in childhood: An integrative review. Psychological Medicine, 39(9), 1413–1423.PubMedCrossRef Murray, L., Creswell, C., & Cooper, P. (2009). The development of anxiety disorders in childhood: An integrative review. Psychological Medicine, 39(9), 1413–1423.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles. Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles.
go back to reference O’Neal, C. R., & Magai, C. (2005). Do parents respond in different ways when children feel different emotions? The emotional context of parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 17(2), 467–487.PubMed O’Neal, C. R., & Magai, C. (2005). Do parents respond in different ways when children feel different emotions? The emotional context of parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 17(2), 467–487.PubMed
go back to reference Premo, J. E., & Kiel, E. J. (2014). The effect of toddler emotion regulation on maternal emotion socialization: Moderation by toddler gender. Emotion, 14(4), 782–793.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Premo, J. E., & Kiel, E. J. (2014). The effect of toddler emotion regulation on maternal emotion socialization: Moderation by toddler gender. Emotion, 14(4), 782–793.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Putnam, S. P., Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Measurement of fine-grained aspects of toddler temperament: The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 29(3), 386–401.PubMedCrossRef Putnam, S. P., Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Measurement of fine-grained aspects of toddler temperament: The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 29(3), 386–401.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rapee, R. M., & Coplan, R. J. (2010). Conceptual relations between anxiety disorder and fearful temperament. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2010(127), 17–31.PubMedCrossRef Rapee, R. M., & Coplan, R. J. (2010). Conceptual relations between anxiety disorder and fearful temperament. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2010(127), 17–31.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Raval, V. V., Walker, B. L., & Daga, S. S. (2018). Parental socialization of emotion and child functioning among Indian American families: Consideration of cultural factors and different modes of socialization. In S. Chuang & C. Costigan (Eds.), Parental Roles and Relationships in Immigrant Families (pp. 69–89). Raval, V. V., Walker, B. L., & Daga, S. S. (2018). Parental socialization of emotion and child functioning among Indian American families: Consideration of cultural factors and different modes of socialization. In S. Chuang & C. Costigan (Eds.), Parental Roles and Relationships in Immigrant Families (pp. 69–89).
go back to reference Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72(5), 1394–1408.PubMedCrossRef Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72(5), 1394–1408.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rutherford, H. J., Wallace, N. S., Laurent, H. K., & Mayes, L. C. (2015). Emotion regulation in parenthood. Developmental Review, 36, 1–14.PubMedCrossRef Rutherford, H. J., Wallace, N. S., Laurent, H. K., & Mayes, L. C. (2015). Emotion regulation in parenthood. Developmental Review, 36, 1–14.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sanders, W., Zeman, J. L., Poon, J., & Miller, R. (2015). Child regulation of negative emotions and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of parental emotion socialization. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(2), 402–415.CrossRef Sanders, W., Zeman, J. L., Poon, J., & Miller, R. (2015). Child regulation of negative emotions and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of parental emotion socialization. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(2), 402–415.CrossRef
go back to reference Spence, S. H., Rapee, R., McDonald, C., & Ingram, M. (2001). The structure of anxiety symptoms among preschoolers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(11), 1293–1316.PubMedCrossRef Spence, S. H., Rapee, R., McDonald, C., & Ingram, M. (2001). The structure of anxiety symptoms among preschoolers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(11), 1293–1316.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., Kupfer, A., Gaertner, B., & Michalik, N. (2004). The Coping with Toddlers’ Negative Emotions Scale. Poster Session Presented at the Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies. Chicago, Illinois. Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., Kupfer, A., Gaertner, B., & Michalik, N. (2004). The Coping with Toddlers’ Negative Emotions Scale. Poster Session Presented at the Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies. Chicago, Illinois.
go back to reference Sroufe, L. A., & Rutter, M. (1984). The domain of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55(1), 17–29.PubMedCrossRef Sroufe, L. A., & Rutter, M. (1984). The domain of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55(1), 17–29.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Suveg, C., Zeman, J., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Cassano, M. (2005). Emotion socialization in families of children with an anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(2), 145–155. Suveg, C., Zeman, J., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Cassano, M. (2005). Emotion socialization in families of children with an anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(2), 145–155.
go back to reference Tandon, M., Cardeli, E., & Luby, J. (2009). Internalizing disorders in early childhood: A review of depressive and anxiety disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(3), 593–610.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tandon, M., Cardeli, E., & Luby, J. (2009). Internalizing disorders in early childhood: A review of depressive and anxiety disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(3), 593–610.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Thompson, R. A. (2001). Childhood anxiety disorders from the perspective of emotion regulation and attachment. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 160–182). Oxford University Press. Thompson, R. A. (2001). Childhood anxiety disorders from the perspective of emotion regulation and attachment. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 160–182). Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Thompson, R. A. (2019). Emotion dysregulation: A theme in search of definition. Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 805–815.PubMedCrossRef Thompson, R. A. (2019). Emotion dysregulation: A theme in search of definition. Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 805–815.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zahn-Waxler, C., Klimes-Dougan, B., & Slattery, M. J. (2000). Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: Prospects, pitfalls, and progress in understanding the development of anxiety and depression. Development & Psychopathology, 12(3), 443–466.CrossRef Zahn-Waxler, C., Klimes-Dougan, B., & Slattery, M. J. (2000). Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: Prospects, pitfalls, and progress in understanding the development of anxiety and depression. Development & Psychopathology, 12(3), 443–466.CrossRef
go back to reference Zeman, J. L., Cassano, M., & Adrian, M. C. (2013). Socialization influences on children’s and adolescents’ emotional self-regulation processes. In K. C. Barrett, N. A. Fox, G. A. Morgan, D. J. Fidler, & L. A. Daunhauer (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulatory processes in development: New directions and international perspectives (pp. 79–107). Routledge. Zeman, J. L., Cassano, M., & Adrian, M. C. (2013). Socialization influences on children’s and adolescents’ emotional self-regulation processes. In K. C. Barrett, N. A. Fox, G. A. Morgan, D. J. Fidler, & L. A. Daunhauer (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulatory processes in development: New directions and international perspectives (pp. 79–107). Routledge.
Metagegevens
Titel
Longitudinal Links among Mother and Child Emotion Regulation, Maternal Emotion Socialization, and Child Anxiety
Auteurs
Natalee N. Price
Elizabeth J. Kiel
Publicatiedatum
05-04-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 2/2022
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00804-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2022

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 2/2022 Naar de uitgave