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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

26-04-2019

Connecting Childhood Wariness to Adolescent Social Anxiety through the Brain and Peer Experiences

Auteurs: Johanna M. Jarcho, Hannah Y. Grossman, Amanda E. Guyer, Megan Quarmley, Ashley R. Smith, Nathan A. Fox, Ellen Leibenluft, Daniel S. Pine, Eric E. Nelson

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 7/2019

Abstract

Wariness in early childhood manifests as shy, inhibited behavior in novel social situations and is associated with increased risk for developing social anxiety. In youth with childhood wariness, exposure to a potent social stressor, such as peer victimization, may potentiate brain-based sensitivity to unpredictable social contexts, thereby increasing risk for developing social anxiety. To test brain-based associations between early childhood wariness, self-reported peer victimization, and current social anxiety symptoms, we quantified neural responses to different social contexts in low- and high-victimized pre-adolescents with varying levels of early childhood wariness. Measures of early childhood wariness were obtained annually from ages 2-to-7-years. At age 11, participants were characterized as having low (N = 20) or high (N = 27) peer victimization. To index their neural responses to peer evaluation, participants completed an fMRI-based Virtual School paradigm (Jarcho et al. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 21–31, 2013a). In highly victimized, relative to low-victimized participants, wariness was differentially related to right amygdala response based on the valence and predictability of peer evaluation. More specifically, in highly victimized participants, wariness was associated with greater right amygdala response to unpredictably positive peer evaluation. Effects of wariness were not observed in participants who reported low levels of victimization. Moreover, in victimized participants, high wariness and right amygdala response to unpredictably positive peer evaluation was associated with more severe social anxiety symptoms. Results can be interpreted using a diathesis-stress model, which suggests that neural response to unexpectedly positive social feedback is a mechanism by which exposure to peer victimization potentiates the risk for developing social anxiety in individuals exhibiting high levels of early childhood wariness.

vorige artikel Multiple Trajectories in Anxious Solitary Youths: the Middle School Transition as a Turning Point in Development

volgende artikel Predicting Temperamentally Inhibited Young Children’s Clinical-Level Anxiety and Internalizing Problems from Parenting and Parent Wellbeing: a Population Study

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Titel: Connecting Childhood Wariness to Adolescent Social Anxiety through the Brain and Peer Experiences
Auteurs: Johanna M. Jarcho
Hannah Y. Grossman
Amanda E. Guyer
Megan Quarmley
Ashley R. Smith
Nathan A. Fox
Ellen Leibenluft
Daniel S. Pine
Eric E. Nelson
Publicatiedatum: 26-04-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 7/2019
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00543-4

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