Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 6/2019

05-01-2019

The Presence of a Controlling Parent Is Related to an Increase in the Error-Related Negativity in 5–7 Year-Old Children

Auteurs: Alexandria Meyer, Corinne Carlton, Lyndsey Juliane Chong, Karl Wissemann

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 6/2019

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Anxiety disorders often begin early in life and there is substantial interest in identifying neural markers that characterize developmental trajectories that result in anxiety. The error-related negativity (ERN) is elicited when people make errors on lab-based reaction-time tasks, is increased in anxious children, and can predict the onset of anxiety across development. In light of this, there is an increasing interest in identifying environmental factors that may shape the ERN in children. Previous work suggests that controlling parenting styles may relate to the ERN in offspring. However, no study had yet examined the specific mechanism whereby parenting style may impact the ERN in children. We propose that it may be children’s repeated exposure to making mistakes in the context of their parents’ reactions (i.e., verbal or non-verbal reactions, displays of parental control, etc.) that may lead to an increased ERN. We test this novel hypothesis by measuring the ERN in 94 children between the ages of 5–7 years old, while their parent observes them and then while an experimenter observes them complete a Go-No/Go task. Results suggest that the presence of parents characterized by high control potentiates the ERN in their children. Moreover, the relationship between controlling parenting styles and child anxiety disorder status was mediated by the parent presence potentiation of the ERN. These findings are important and novel insofar as they highlight the impact of an environmental factor (i.e., parenting) in shaping a neural marker of risk for anxiety in children (i.e., the ERN).
Voetnoten
1
Overall, the mean number of useable error trials for each condition was: parent condition = 27.03, SD = 16.49, experimenter condition = 23.75, SD = 19.13. 90% of children made 10 or more errors during the parent condition and 85% of children made 10 or more errors during the experimenter condition.
 
2
The pattern of results was the same if we used the ERN in the parent condition or the parent potentiated ERN (i.e., the residualized difference score). Overall, results were consistent with the parent condition ERN mediating the association between controlling parenting and child anxiety disorder status, effect = .08, se = .06, 95%CI [.01 to .24].
 
3
If we conducted the mediation model entering both the ERN in the parent condition and the ERN in the experimenter condition as simultaneous mediators, the pattern of results remained the same – i.e., the ERN measured during the parent present condition mediated the relationship between parental control and child anxiety disorders, effect = .08, se = .06, 95%CI [.08 to .21], while the ERN measured during the experimenter condition did not, effect = .00, se = .02, 95% CI [−.03 to .03].
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296–3319.PubMedCrossRef Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296–3319.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Barker, T. V., Troller-Renfree, S., Pine, D. S., & Fox, N. A. (2015). Individual differences in social anxiety affect the salience of errors in social contexts. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 15(4), 723–735.CrossRef Barker, T. V., Troller-Renfree, S., Pine, D. S., & Fox, N. A. (2015). Individual differences in social anxiety affect the salience of errors in social contexts. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 15(4), 723–735.CrossRef
go back to reference Bayart, F., Hayashi, K. T., Faull, K. F., Barchas, J. D., & Levine, S. (1990). Influence of maternal proximity on behavioral and physiological responses to separation in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral Neuroscience, 104(1), 98–107.PubMedCrossRef Bayart, F., Hayashi, K. T., Faull, K. F., Barchas, J. D., & Levine, S. (1990). Influence of maternal proximity on behavioral and physiological responses to separation in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral Neuroscience, 104(1), 98–107.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bittner, A., Egger, H. L., Erkanli, A., Jane Costello, E., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. (2007). What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(12), 1174–1183.PubMedCrossRef Bittner, A., Egger, H. L., Erkanli, A., Jane Costello, E., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. (2007). What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(12), 1174–1183.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bögels, S. M., & Melick, M. v. (2004). The relationship between child-report, parent self-report, and partner report of perceived parental rearing behaviors and anxiety in children and parents. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(8), 1583–1596.CrossRef Bögels, S. M., & Melick, M. v. (2004). The relationship between child-report, parent self-report, and partner report of perceived parental rearing behaviors and anxiety in children and parents. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(8), 1583–1596.CrossRef
go back to reference Brooker, R. J., & Buss, K. A. (2014). Harsh parenting and fearfulness in toddlerhood interact to predict amplitudes of preschool error-related negativity. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 148–159.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Brooker, R. J., & Buss, K. A. (2014). Harsh parenting and fearfulness in toddlerhood interact to predict amplitudes of preschool error-related negativity. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 148–159.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Conner, O. L., Siegle, G. J., McFarland, A. M., Silk, J. S., Ladouceur, C. D., Dahl, R. E., et al. (2012). Mom—It helps when you're right here! Attenuation of neural stress markers in anxious youths whose caregivers are present during fMRI. PLoS One, 7(12), e50680.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Conner, O. L., Siegle, G. J., McFarland, A. M., Silk, J. S., Ladouceur, C. D., Dahl, R. E., et al. (2012). Mom—It helps when you're right here! Attenuation of neural stress markers in anxious youths whose caregivers are present during fMRI. PLoS One, 7(12), e50680.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Shanahan, L., & Costello, E. J. (2014). Longitudinal patterns of anxiety from childhood to adulthood: The great smoky mountains study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(1), 21–33.CrossRef Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Shanahan, L., & Costello, E. J. (2014). Longitudinal patterns of anxiety from childhood to adulthood: The great smoky mountains study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(1), 21–33.CrossRef
go back to reference Endrass, T., Riesel, A., Kathmann, N., & Buhlmann, U. (2014). Performance monitoring in obsessive–compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(4), 705–714.PubMedCrossRef Endrass, T., Riesel, A., Kathmann, N., & Buhlmann, U. (2014). Performance monitoring in obsessive–compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(4), 705–714.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ferdinand, R. F., & Verhulst, F. C. (1995). Psychopathology from adolescence into young adulthood: An 8-year follow-up study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(11), 1586–1594.PubMedCrossRef Ferdinand, R. F., & Verhulst, F. C. (1995). Psychopathology from adolescence into young adulthood: An 8-year follow-up study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(11), 1586–1594.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gee, D. G. (2016). Sensitive periods of emotion regulation: Influences of parental care on Frontoamygdala circuitry and plasticity. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2016(153), 87–110. Gee, D. G. (2016). Sensitive periods of emotion regulation: Influences of parental care on Frontoamygdala circuitry and plasticity. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2016(153), 87–110.
go back to reference Gee, D. G., Gabard-Durnam, L., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Goff, B., Shapiro, M., . . . Caldera, C. (2014). Maternal buffering of human amygdala-prefrontal circuitry during childhood but not during adolescence. Psychological Science, 0956797614550878. Gee, D. G., Gabard-Durnam, L., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Goff, B., Shapiro, M., . . . Caldera, C. (2014). Maternal buffering of human amygdala-prefrontal circuitry during childhood but not during adolescence. Psychological Science, 0956797614550878.
go back to reference Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993). A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychological Science, 4(6), 385–390.CrossRef Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993). A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychological Science, 4(6), 385–390.CrossRef
go back to reference Ghatala, E. S. (1986). Strategy-monitoring training enables young learners to select effective strategies. Educational Psychologist, 21(1–2), 43–54.CrossRef Ghatala, E. S. (1986). Strategy-monitoring training enables young learners to select effective strategies. Educational Psychologist, 21(1–2), 43–54.CrossRef
go back to reference Gratton, G., Coles, M. G., & Donchin, E. (1983). A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 55(4), 468–484. Gratton, G., Coles, M. G., & Donchin, E. (1983). A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 55(4), 468–484.
go back to reference Gunnar, M. R., & Donzella, B. (2002). Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27(1), 199–220.PubMedCrossRef Gunnar, M. R., & Donzella, B. (2002). Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27(1), 199–220.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hajcak, G., Moser, J. S., Yeung, N., & Simons, R. F. (2005). On the ERN and the significance of errors. Psychophysiology, 42(2), 151–160.PubMedCrossRef Hajcak, G., Moser, J. S., Yeung, N., & Simons, R. F. (2005). On the ERN and the significance of errors. Psychophysiology, 42(2), 151–160.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., . . . Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 980–988.CrossRef Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., . . . Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 980–988.CrossRef
go back to reference Kawamura, K. Y., Frost, R. O., & Harmatz, M. G. (2002). The relationship of perceived parenting styles to perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(2), 317–327.CrossRef Kawamura, K. Y., Frost, R. O., & Harmatz, M. G. (2002). The relationship of perceived parenting styles to perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(2), 317–327.CrossRef
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.CrossRefPubMed Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kim, E. Y., Iwaki, N., Uno, H., & Fujita, T. (2005). Error-related negativity in children: Effect of an observer. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28(3), 871–883.PubMedCrossRef Kim, E. Y., Iwaki, N., Uno, H., & Fujita, T. (2005). Error-related negativity in children: Effect of an observer. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28(3), 871–883.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Langley, A. K., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Piacentini, J. C. (2004). Impairment in childhood anxiety disorders: Preliminary examination of the child anxiety impact scale–parent version. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 14(1), 105–114.PubMedCrossRef Langley, A. K., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Piacentini, J. C. (2004). Impairment in childhood anxiety disorders: Preliminary examination of the child anxiety impact scale–parent version. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 14(1), 105–114.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Levine, S. (2001). Primary social relationships influence the development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the rat. Physiology & Behavior, 73(3), 255–260.CrossRef Levine, S. (2001). Primary social relationships influence the development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the rat. Physiology & Behavior, 73(3), 255–260.CrossRef
go back to reference MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99–128.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99–128.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Mancebo, M. C., Boisseau, C. L., Garnaat, S., Eisen, J. L., Greenberg, B., Sibrava, N. J., et al. (2014). Long-term course of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Three years of prospective follow-up. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55, 1498–1504.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mancebo, M. C., Boisseau, C. L., Garnaat, S., Eisen, J. L., Greenberg, B., Sibrava, N. J., et al. (2014). Long-term course of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Three years of prospective follow-up. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55, 1498–1504.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference McClure, E. B., Brennan, P. A., Hammen, C., & Le Brocque, R. M. (2001). Parental anxiety disorders, child anxiety disorders, and the perceived parent–child relationship in an Australian high-risk sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(1), 1–10.PubMedCrossRef McClure, E. B., Brennan, P. A., Hammen, C., & Le Brocque, R. M. (2001). Parental anxiety disorders, child anxiety disorders, and the perceived parent–child relationship in an Australian high-risk sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(1), 1–10.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Meyer, A. (2017a). A biomarker of anxiety in children and adolescents: A review focusing on the error-related negativity (ERN) and anxiety across development. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 27, 58–68.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Meyer, A. (2017a). A biomarker of anxiety in children and adolescents: A review focusing on the error-related negativity (ERN) and anxiety across development. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 27, 58–68.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
go back to reference Meyer, A. (2017b). Developing psychiatric biomarkers: a review focusing on the error-related negativity (ERN) as a biomarker for anxiety. Springer Nature. Meyer, A. (2017b). Developing psychiatric biomarkers: a review focusing on the error-related negativity (ERN) as a biomarker for anxiety. Springer Nature.
go back to reference Meyer, A., & Gawlowska, M. (2017). Evidence for specificity of the impact of punishment on error-related brain activity in high versus low trait anxious individuals. International journal of psychophysiology: official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology. Meyer, A., & Gawlowska, M. (2017). Evidence for specificity of the impact of punishment on error-related brain activity in high versus low trait anxious individuals. International journal of psychophysiology: official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.
go back to reference Meyer, A., Hajcak, G., Torpey, D. C., Kujawa, A., Kim, J., Bufferd, S., . . . Klein, D. N. (2013). Increased error-related brain activity in six-year-old children with clinical anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(8), 1257–1266.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Meyer, A., Hajcak, G., Torpey, D. C., Kujawa, A., Kim, J., Bufferd, S., . . . Klein, D. N. (2013). Increased error-related brain activity in six-year-old children with clinical anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(8), 1257–1266.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Meyer, A., Bress, J., & Proudfit, G. H. (2014a). Psychometric properties of the error-related negativity in children and adolescents. Psychophysiology, 51, 602–610.PubMedCrossRef Meyer, A., Bress, J., & Proudfit, G. H. (2014a). Psychometric properties of the error-related negativity in children and adolescents. Psychophysiology, 51, 602–610.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Meyer, A., Proudfit, G. H., Bufferd, S. J., Kujawa, A. J., Laptook, R. S., Torpey, D. C., & Klein, D. N. (2014b). Self-reported and observed punitive parenting prospectively predicts increased error-related negativity in six-year-old children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. Meyer, A., Proudfit, G. H., Bufferd, S. J., Kujawa, A. J., Laptook, R. S., Torpey, D. C., & Klein, D. N. (2014b). Self-reported and observed punitive parenting prospectively predicts increased error-related negativity in six-year-old children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.
go back to reference Meyer, A., Hajcak, G., Torpey-Newman, D. C., Kujawa, A., & Klein, D. N. (2015). Enhanced error-related brain activity in children predicts the onset of anxiety disorders between the ages of 6 and 9. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(2), 266–274.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Meyer, A., Hajcak, G., Torpey-Newman, D. C., Kujawa, A., & Klein, D. N. (2015). Enhanced error-related brain activity in children predicts the onset of anxiety disorders between the ages of 6 and 9. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(2), 266–274.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Meyer, A., Danielson, C. K., Danzig, A. P., Bhatia, V., Black, S. R., Bromet, E., et al. (2017a). Neural biomarker and early temperament predict increased internalizing symptoms after a natural disaster. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(5), 410–416.CrossRef Meyer, A., Danielson, C. K., Danzig, A. P., Bhatia, V., Black, S. R., Bromet, E., et al. (2017a). Neural biomarker and early temperament predict increased internalizing symptoms after a natural disaster. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(5), 410–416.CrossRef
go back to reference Meyer, A., Hajcak, G., Hayden, E., Sheikh, H. I., Singh, S. M., & Klein, D. N. (2017b). A genetic variant brain-dervied neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism interacts with hostile parenting to predict error-related brain activity and thereby risk for internalizing disorders in children. Development and Psychopathology, 1–17. Meyer, A., Hajcak, G., Hayden, E., Sheikh, H. I., Singh, S. M., & Klein, D. N. (2017b). A genetic variant brain-dervied neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism interacts with hostile parenting to predict error-related brain activity and thereby risk for internalizing disorders in children. Development and Psychopathology, 1–17.
go back to reference Meyer, A., Lerner, M. D., De Los Reyes, A., Laird, R. D., & Hajcak, G. (2017c). Considering ERP difference scores as individual difference measures: Issues with subtraction and alternative approaches. Psychophysiology, 54(1), 114–122.PubMedCrossRef Meyer, A., Lerner, M. D., De Los Reyes, A., Laird, R. D., & Hajcak, G. (2017c). Considering ERP difference scores as individual difference measures: Issues with subtraction and alternative approaches. Psychophysiology, 54(1), 114–122.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Meyer, A., Nelson, B., Perlman, G., Klein, D. N., & Kotov, R. (2018). A neural biomarker, the error-related negativity, predicts the first onset of generalized anxiety disorder in a large sample of adolescent females. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(11), 1162–1170. Meyer, A., Nelson, B., Perlman, G., Klein, D. N., & Kotov, R. (2018). A neural biomarker, the error-related negativity, predicts the first onset of generalized anxiety disorder in a large sample of adolescent females. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(11), 1162–1170.
go back to reference Moore, P. S., Whaley, S. E., & Sigman, M. (2004). Interactions between mothers and children: Impacts of maternal and child anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(3), 471–476.PubMedCrossRef Moore, P. S., Whaley, S. E., & Sigman, M. (2004). Interactions between mothers and children: Impacts of maternal and child anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(3), 471–476.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Olvet, D. M., & Hajcak, G. (2009). The stability of error-related brain activity with increasing trials. Psychophysiology, 46(5), 957–961.PubMedCrossRef Olvet, D. M., & Hajcak, G. (2009). The stability of error-related brain activity with increasing trials. Psychophysiology, 46(5), 957–961.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pettit, G. S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Criss, M. M. (2001). Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. Child Development, 72(2), 583–598.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Pettit, G. S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Criss, M. M. (2001). Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. Child Development, 72(2), 583–598.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Pine, D. S. (2007). Research review: A neuroscience framework for pediatric anxiety disorders. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 48(7), 631–648.CrossRef Pine, D. S. (2007). Research review: A neuroscience framework for pediatric anxiety disorders. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 48(7), 631–648.CrossRef
go back to reference Pine, D. S., Cohen, P., Gurley, D., Brook, J., & Ma, Y. (1998). The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(1), 56–64.PubMedCrossRef Pine, D. S., Cohen, P., Gurley, D., Brook, J., & Ma, Y. (1998). The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(1), 56–64.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717–731.CrossRef Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717–731.CrossRef
go back to reference Pressley, M., Levin, J. R., & Ghatala, E. S. (1984a). Memory strategy monitoring in adults and children. Journal of Memory and Language, 23(2), 270. Pressley, M., Levin, J. R., & Ghatala, E. S. (1984a). Memory strategy monitoring in adults and children. Journal of Memory and Language, 23(2), 270.
go back to reference Pressley, M., Ross, K. A., Levin, J. R., & Ghatala, E. S. (1984b). The role of strategy utility knowledge in children's strategy decision making. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38(3), 491–504.CrossRef Pressley, M., Ross, K. A., Levin, J. R., & Ghatala, E. S. (1984b). The role of strategy utility knowledge in children's strategy decision making. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38(3), 491–504.CrossRef
go back to reference Riesel, A., Weinberg, A., Endrass, T., Kathmann, N., & Hajcak, G. (2012). Punishment has a lasting impact on error-related brain activity. Psychophysiology, 49(2), 239–247.PubMedCrossRef Riesel, A., Weinberg, A., Endrass, T., Kathmann, N., & Hajcak, G. (2012). Punishment has a lasting impact on error-related brain activity. Psychophysiology, 49(2), 239–247.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Robinson, C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. (2001). The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ). Handbook of family measurement techniques, 3, 319–321. Robinson, C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. (2001). The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ). Handbook of family measurement techniques, 3, 319–321.
go back to reference Schaefer, E. S. (1965). A configurational analysis of children's reports of parent behavior. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29(6), 552–557.PubMedCrossRef Schaefer, E. S. (1965). A configurational analysis of children's reports of parent behavior. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29(6), 552–557.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schludermann, E., & Schludermann, S. (1970). Replicability of factors in children's report of parent behavior (CRPBI). The Journal of Psychology, 76(2), 239–249.CrossRef Schludermann, E., & Schludermann, S. (1970). Replicability of factors in children's report of parent behavior (CRPBI). The Journal of Psychology, 76(2), 239–249.CrossRef
go back to reference Schludermann, S., & Schludermann, E. (1988). Questionnaire for children and youth (CRPBI-30). University of Manitoba, Winnipeg: Unpublished manuscript. Schludermann, S., & Schludermann, E. (1988). Questionnaire for children and youth (CRPBI-30). University of Manitoba, Winnipeg: Unpublished manuscript.
go back to reference Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2011). The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12(3), 154–167.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2011). The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12(3), 154–167.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Skinner, E. A., Chapman, M., & Baltes, P. B. (1988). Control, means-ends, and agency beliefs: A new conceptualization and its measurement during childhood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(1), 117–133.CrossRef Skinner, E. A., Chapman, M., & Baltes, P. B. (1988). Control, means-ends, and agency beliefs: A new conceptualization and its measurement during childhood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(1), 117–133.CrossRef
go back to reference Stipek, D. J., & Tannatt, L. M. (1984). Children's judgments of their own and their peers' academic competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(1), 75–84.CrossRef Stipek, D. J., & Tannatt, L. M. (1984). Children's judgments of their own and their peers' academic competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(1), 75–84.CrossRef
go back to reference Strauss, C. C., Frame, C. L., & Forehand, R. (1987). Psychosocial impairment associated with anxiety in children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16(3), 235–239.CrossRef Strauss, C. C., Frame, C. L., & Forehand, R. (1987). Psychosocial impairment associated with anxiety in children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16(3), 235–239.CrossRef
go back to reference Weinberg, A., Riesel, A., & Hajcak, G. (2012b). Integrating multiple perspectives on error-related brain activity: The ERN as a neural indicator of trait defensive reactivity. Motivation and Emotion, 1–17. Weinberg, A., Riesel, A., & Hajcak, G. (2012b). Integrating multiple perspectives on error-related brain activity: The ERN as a neural indicator of trait defensive reactivity. Motivation and Emotion, 1–17.
go back to reference Weinberg, A., Kotov, R., & Proudfit, G. H. (2015). Neural indicators of error processing in generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(1), 172–185.PubMedCrossRef Weinberg, A., Kotov, R., & Proudfit, G. H. (2015). Neural indicators of error processing in generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(1), 172–185.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). Models of self-regulated learning and academic achievement Self-regulated learning and academic achievement (pp. 1–25): Springer. Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). Models of self-regulated learning and academic achievement Self-regulated learning and academic achievement (pp. 1–25): Springer.
go back to reference Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3–17.CrossRef Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3–17.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
The Presence of a Controlling Parent Is Related to an Increase in the Error-Related Negativity in 5–7 Year-Old Children
Auteurs
Alexandria Meyer
Corinne Carlton
Lyndsey Juliane Chong
Karl Wissemann
Publicatiedatum
05-01-2019
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 6/2019
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0503-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2019

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 6/2019 Naar de uitgave