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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

19-12-2017

Anxiety and Depression During Childhood and Adolescence: Testing Theoretical Models of Continuity and Discontinuity

Auteurs: Joseph R. Cohen, Arthur R. Andrews, Megan M. Davis, Karen D. Rudolph

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 6/2018

Abstract

The present study sought to clarify the trajectory (i.e., continuous vs. discontinuous) and expression (i.e., homotypic vs. heterotypic) of anxiety and depressive symptoms across childhood and adolescence. We utilized a state-of-the-science analytic approach to simultaneously test theoretical models that describe the development of internalizing symptoms in youth. In a sample of 636 children (53% female; M _age = 7.04; SD _age = 0.35) self-report measures of anxiety and depression were completed annually by youth through their freshman year of high school. For both anxiety and depression, a piecewise growth curve model provided the best fit for the data, with symptoms decreasing until age 12 (the “developmental knot”) and then increasing into early adolescence. The trajectory of anxiety symptoms was best described by a discontinuous homotypic pattern in which childhood anxiety predicted adolescent anxiety. For depression, two distinct pathways were discovered: A discontinuous homotypic pathway in which childhood depression predicted adolescent depression and a discontinuous heterotypic pathway in which childhood anxiety predicted adolescent depression. Analytical, methodological, and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

vorige artikel Longitudinal Analysis of Particulate Air Pollutants and Adolescent Delinquent Behavior in Southern California

volgende artikel Trajectories of Social Anxiety in Children: Influence of Child Cortisol Reactivity and Parental Social Anxiety

We note the terms heterotypic and homotypic continuity have been used to describe both manifest behaviors and latent internalizing processes over time (Cicchetti et al. 1994; Lahey et al. 2014). As a major aim of our study was the translational importance of distinguishing between continuous and discontinuous models of psychopathology for assessment purposes, we focus our discussion of heterotypic and homotypic continuity on symptom manifestations.

Grade-based models for both anxiety and depression suggested that piecewise models provided the best fit, with the knot being placed at grades 6 or 7 (when the majority of participants would be age 12). Specifically, for anxiety models, the knot fit equally well in 6^th and 7^th grade (ΔCFI < 0.01, Δχ²/df = 0.20, ΔRMSEA < 0.01, ΔSRMR = 0.01). For depression models, the knot fit best when placed at grades 6 or 7, with slightly better fit for grade 7 (ΔCFI = 0.02, Δχ²/df = 1.12, ΔRMSEA = 0.01, ΔSRMR < 0.01).

The secondary intercept can be removed in alternate arrangements for piecewise growth functions. We selected this arrangement with a second intercept because of our interest in predicting average symptoms at the beginning of the second growth period, adolescence. Alternate piecewise growth functions with a single intercept per symptom were also examined. Both single-intercept models also fit well and produced similar findings.

Specific manifestations of anxiety (e.g., panic disorder), however, may have different trajectories during adolescence (Nelemans et al. 2014). This issue is discussed further in the limitations section.

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Titel: Anxiety and Depression During Childhood and Adolescence: Testing Theoretical Models of Continuity and Discontinuity
Auteurs: Joseph R. Cohen
Arthur R. Andrews
Megan M. Davis
Karen D. Rudolph
Publicatiedatum: 19-12-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 6/2018
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0370-x

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