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Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 6/2018

27-09-2017

Are Episodic Buffer Processes Intact in ADHD? Experimental Evidence and Linkage with Hyperactive Behavior

Auteurs: Michael J. Kofler, Jamie A. Spiegel, Kristin E. Austin, Lauren N. Irwin, Elia F. Soto, Dustin E. Sarver

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 6/2018

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Abstract

Working memory deficits are present in a substantial proportion of children with ADHD, and converging evidence links these deficits with ADHD-related behavioral and functional impairments. At the same time, working memory is not a unitary construct, and evidence is lacking regarding the role of several components of this system in ADHD. Preclinical behavioral studies are needed to fractionate the multicomponent working memory system, determine which specific subcomponent(s) are impaired in ADHD, and more importantly link these subcomponent(s) with specific ADHD-related behavioral symptoms/functional impairments. The current study reflects one piece of that puzzle, and focuses on the episodic buffer component of working memory. Across multiple testing days, a well-characterized sample of 86 children ages 8–13 (M=10.52, SD=1.54; 34 girls; 64% Caucasian/Non-Hispanic) with ADHD (n=49) and without ADHD (n=37) completed three counterbalanced working memory tests that were identical in all aspects except the key subcomponent process (phonological, visuospatial, episodic buffer). Gross motor movement during these and control tasks were measured using 4 high-precision actigraphs. There was no evidence of group differences in gender, age, SES, or IQ. Bayesian mixed-model ANOVAs indicated that the ADHD group performed significantly worse on all three working memory tests (d=1.17–1.44) and was significantly more hyperactive than controls (d=0.66–1.05) during the visuospatial and episodic buffer tests. In contrast, the ADHD and Non-ADHD groups were equivalent with regard to effects of episodic buffer demands on performance and hyperactive behavior. The most parsimonious conclusion is that the episodic buffer is likely intact in ADHD, and unrelated to ADHD hyperactivity symptoms.
Voetnoten
1
The pattern and interpretation of results was unchanged when excluding children with autism spectrum disorder. As recommended in the K-SADS, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) was diagnosed clinically only with evidence of multi-informant/multi-setting symptoms. ODD comorbidity is 44% in the ADHD group and 10% in the Non-ADHD group based on parent-reported symptom counts.
 
2
As noted by Rapport et al. (2009), successful interaction with the Paint program requires working memory processes such as focused attention and interaction with long-term memory, as well as limited storage/rehearsal processes.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Are Episodic Buffer Processes Intact in ADHD? Experimental Evidence and Linkage with Hyperactive Behavior
Auteurs
Michael J. Kofler
Jamie A. Spiegel
Kristin E. Austin
Lauren N. Irwin
Elia F. Soto
Dustin E. Sarver
Publicatiedatum
27-09-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 6/2018
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0346-x

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