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The Autonomic Nervous System and Aggression
Interaction between Stress Systems
The Present Study
Method and Materials
Participants
Procedures
Measures
Data Analysis
Results
Descriptive Analyses
Preliminary Analyses
Variable | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. | 9. | 10. | 11. | 12. | 13. | 14. | 15. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Cumulative risk | - | ||||||||||||||
2. Ethnicitya
| 0.20* | - | |||||||||||||
3. Infant sexb
| 0.04 | 0.09 | - | ||||||||||||
4. Gestational age | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.05 | - | |||||||||||
5. Birth weight (kg) | −0.17† | −0.06 | −0.14 | 0.64*** | - | ||||||||||
6. Behavioral distress | −0.11 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.14 | 0.09 | - | |||||||||
7. Distress (IBQ-R) c
| 0.08 | 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.11 | - | ||||||||
8. lnRSA baseline | −0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.08 | −0.09 | 0.09 | −0.06 | - | |||||||
9. lnRSA response | −0.01 | 0.14 | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.07 | −0.24** | −0.07 | 0.30** | - | ||||||
10. lnRSA recovery | −0.07 | 0.10 | 0.07 | −0.18† | −0.16† | 0.12* | −0.05 | 0.39*** | −0.19* | - | |||||
11. PEP baseline | −0.03 | −0.08 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.07 | −0.04 | −0.11 | 0.08 | 0.24* | −0.06 | - | ||||
12. PEP response | 0.12 | −0.10 | 0.18† | −0.07 | −0.10 | −0.06 | −0.02 | −0.24* | −0.04 | 0.03 | −0.01 | - | |||
13. PEP recovery | −0.06 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.08 | −0.05 | 0.09 | 0.20* | −0.12 | 0.41*** | −0.29** | - | ||
14. Physical aggression | 0.38*** | 0.10 | −0.14 | 0.09 | −0.10 | −0.05 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.02 | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.01 | −0.06 | - | |
15. Non-physical aggression/ oppositional behavior | 0.34** | 0.09 | −0.10 | −0.04 | −0.08 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.14 | −0.11 | −0.08 | −0.07 | 0.45*** | - |
N
| 124 | 124 | 124 | 124 | 124 | 123 | 121 | 118 | 118 | 119 | 113 | 112 | 112 | 101 | 101 |
M
| 0.71 | 89.1% | 57.4% | 39.2 | 3.4 | 0.01 | 2.84 | 3.39 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 64.23 | 1.26 | −0.61 | 2.50 | 4.88 |
SD
| 0.97 | 1.95 | 0.53 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 6.11 | 3.24 | 3.67 | 2.18 | 2.10 |
Regression Analyses
Physical aggression | Non-physical aggression/oppositional behavior | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step | Predictor |
b (se)
|
t
|
b (se)
|
t
|
Model 1: LnRSA baseline x PEP baseline | |||||
1 | Cumulative risk | 0.1.06 (0.23) | 4.69*** | 0.63 (0.23) | 2.76** |
2 | lnRSA | −0.52 (0.52) | −1.00 | −0.01 (0.46) | −0.2 |
PEP | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.04 | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.52 | |
3 | lnRSA x PEP | −0.04 (0.04) | −0.81 | −0.03 (0.05) | −0.59 |
Cumulative risk x lnRSA | −1.31 (0.59) | −2.22* | −0.56 (0.52) | −1.07 | |
Cumulative risk x PEP | 0.07 (0.03) | 2.07* | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.39 | |
4 | Cumulative risk x lnRSA x PEP | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.95 | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.61 |
Model 2: LnRSA baseline x PEP response | |||||
1 | Cumulative risk | 0.99 (0.24) | 4.07*** | 0.79 (0.26) | 3.05** |
2 | lnRSA | −0.59 (0.51) | −1.17 | 0.10 (0.51) | 0.20 |
PEP | 0.05 (0.30) | 0.16 | 0.07 (0.27) | 0.25 | |
3 | lnRSA x PEP | −0.21 (0.45) | −0.47 | 0.24 (0.50) | 0.47 |
Cumulative risk x lnRSA | −1.15 (0.61) | −1.87† | −0.17 (0.59) | −0.29 | |
Cumulative risk x PEP | 0.02 (0.34) | 0.07 | 0.07 (0.34) | 0.22 | |
4 | Cumulative risk x lnRSA x PEP | −0.82 (0.84) | −0.98 | 0.99 (0.92) | 1.07 |
Model 3: LnRSA response x PEP baseline | |||||
1 | Cumulative risk | 1.26 (0.22) | 5.72*** | 0.70 (0.25) | 2.82** |
2 | lnRSA | −0.10 (0.25) | −0.40 | 0.24 (0.26) | 0.93 |
PEP | −0.00 (0.03) | −0.04 | −0.04 (0.04) | −1.06 | |
3 | lnRSA x PEP | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.50 | −0.07 (0.05) | −1.41 |
Cumulative risk x lnRSA | 0.19 (0.28) | 0.67 | −0.02 (0.29) | −0.06 | |
Cumulative risk x PEP | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.59 | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.56 | |
4 | Cumulative risk x lnRSA x PEP | −0.11 (0.05) | −2.11* | −0.04 (0.06) | −0.74 |
Model 4: LnRSA response x PEP response | |||||
1 | Cumulative risk | 1.12 (0.22) | 5.09*** | 0.71 (0.23) | 3.14** |
2 | lnRSA | −0.18 (0.23) | −0.78 | 0.16 (0.27) | 0.62 |
PEP | 0.21 (0.27) | 0.77 | 0.06 (0.23) | 0.24 | |
3 | lnRSA x PEP | −0.14 (0.38) | −0.38 | 0.05 (0.36) | 0.15 |
Cumulative risk x lnRSA | 0.08 (0.29) | 0.29 | −0.02 (0.33) | −0.07 | |
Cumulative risk x PEP | 0.24 (0.32) | 0.75 | 0.17 (0.32) | 0.54 | |
4 | Cumulative risk x lnRSA x PEP | −0.91 (0.40) | −2.25* | −0.28 (0.42) | −0.67 |