Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 4/2016

07-09-2015

Can Callous-Unemotional Traits be Reliably Measured in Preschoolers?

Auteurs: Eva R. Kimonis, Kostas A. Fanti, Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Biran Mertan, Natalie Goulter, Evita Katsimicha

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 4/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits designate an important subgroup of antisocial individuals at risk for early-starting, severe, and persistent conduct problems, but this construct has received limited attention among young children. The current study evaluated the factor structure, psychometric properties, and validity of scores on a comprehensive measure of CU traits, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), in relation to measures of antisocial/prosocial behavior and emotional processing, administered to preschool children. The sample included 214 boys (52 %) and girls (48 %, M age = 4.7, SD = 0.69) recruited from mainstream and high-risk preschools. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure including callous and uncaring dimensions from 12 of the 24 original ICU items. Scores on the parent- and teacher-reported ICU were internally consistent and combined CU scores showed expected associations with an alternate measure of CU traits and measures of empathy, prosocial behavior, conduct problems, and aggression. Preschool children high on CU traits were less accurate, relative to children scoring low, in recognizing facial expressions. They were also less attentionally engaged by images of others in distress when co-occurring conduct problems presented. Findings extend the literature by supporting the psychometric properties of the ICU among young children, and open several avenues for studying early precursors to this severe personality disturbance.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Voetnoten
1
Hawes et al. (2014b) found that the fit of the 2-factor (Callousness, Uncaring) bifactor model (χ2 = 86.57, df = 43, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06) was almost identical to that of the correlated two-factor model (χ2 = 100.21, df = 53, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06), providing support for a general CU factor. They reported on the correlated two-factor model in their study as it provided a more parsimonious model.
 
2
The high-risk preschool was operated by a non-profit organization whose aim is to strengthen vulnerable families and the “working poor” by providing essential educational, nutritional, and health support. Twelve children from the high-risk preschool resided in an on-campus group home following removal from their home or were classified by social services as being in need of services (i.e., family empowerment project) due to low socioeconomic status.
 
3
All analyses were repeated covarying sample, age, and sex. Results remained largely unchanged across primary study variables, with the exception of recognition of happy faces that reduced to nonsignificance (see note in Table 4).
 
4
Overall, high-risk children showed poorer performance on emotion tasks. Specifically, relative to mainstream children, high-risk children were significantly less accurate in recognizing all emotions (anger, happiness, sadness, fear, pain) on the static and dynamic faces tasks. On the emotional pictures dot-probe task, the average number of correct trial responses for mainstream children was 94 % whereas the average number for high-risk children was 72 %. Whereas children in the mainstream sample on average showed the expected positive facilitation to empathy pictures (M = 56.12, SD = 256.18 ms), the high-risk sample showed a negative facilitation similar to samples of incarcerated adolescents (M = −28.25, SD = 56.12; Kimonis et al. 2007, 2008a); however this difference was not statistically significant.
 
5
In order to be brief enough for young children, our version of the dot probe task did not include other emotional categories, and thus cannot speak to whether young children show more pervasive and generalized attentional orienting deficits than older youth.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Asscher, J. J., van Vugt, E. S., Stams, G. J. J., Deković, M., Eichelsheim, V. I., & Yousfi, S. (2011). The relationship between juvenile psychopathic traits, delinquency and (violent) recidivism: a meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 1134–1143.CrossRefPubMed Asscher, J. J., van Vugt, E. S., Stams, G. J. J., Deković, M., Eichelsheim, V. I., & Yousfi, S. (2011). The relationship between juvenile psychopathic traits, delinquency and (violent) recidivism: a meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 1134–1143.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparitive fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246.CrossRefPubMed Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparitive fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Blair, R. J. R. (1999). Responsiveness to distress cues in the child with psychopathic tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 135–145.CrossRef Blair, R. J. R. (1999). Responsiveness to distress cues in the child with psychopathic tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 135–145.CrossRef
go back to reference Blair, R. J. R., Colledge, E., Murray, L., & Mitchell, D. G. V. (2001). A selective impairment in the processing of sad and fearful expressions in children with psychopathic tendencies. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 491–498.CrossRefPubMed Blair, R. J. R., Colledge, E., Murray, L., & Mitchell, D. G. V. (2001). A selective impairment in the processing of sad and fearful expressions in children with psychopathic tendencies. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 491–498.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen, & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park: Sage. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen, & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park: Sage.
go back to reference Burke, B. G. (1999). Item reversals and response validity in the job diagnostic survey. Psychological Reports, 85, 213–219.CrossRef Burke, B. G. (1999). Item reversals and response validity in the job diagnostic survey. Psychological Reports, 85, 213–219.CrossRef
go back to reference Cleckley, H. (1941/1976). The mask of sanity. Mosby: St. Louis. Cleckley, H. (1941/1976). The mask of sanity. Mosby: St. Louis.
go back to reference Cordery, J. L., & Sevastos, P. P. (1993). Responses to the original and revised job diagnostic survey: is education a factor in responses to negatively worded items? Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 141–143.CrossRef Cordery, J. L., & Sevastos, P. P. (1993). Responses to the original and revised job diagnostic survey: is education a factor in responses to negatively worded items? Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 141–143.CrossRef
go back to reference Crick, N. R. (1996). The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in the prediction of children’s future social adjustment. Child Development, 67(5), 2317–2327.CrossRefPubMed Crick, N. R. (1996). The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in the prediction of children’s future social adjustment. Child Development, 67(5), 2317–2327.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Crick, N. R., Cass, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and physical aggression in preschool. Developmental Psychology, 33, 579–588.CrossRefPubMed Crick, N. R., Cass, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and physical aggression in preschool. Developmental Psychology, 33, 579–588.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dadds, M. R., Fraser, J., Frost, A., & Hawes, D. J. (2005). Disentangling the underlying dimensions of psychopathy and conduct problems in childhood: a community study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 400–410.CrossRefPubMed Dadds, M. R., Fraser, J., Frost, A., & Hawes, D. J. (2005). Disentangling the underlying dimensions of psychopathy and conduct problems in childhood: a community study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 400–410.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dadds, M. R., Perry, Y., Hawes, D. J., Merz, S., Riddell, A. C., Haines, D. J., et al. (2006). Attention to the eyes and fear-recognition deficits in child psychopathy. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 280–281. Dadds, M. R., Perry, Y., Hawes, D. J., Merz, S., Riddell, A. C., Haines, D. J., et al. (2006). Attention to the eyes and fear-recognition deficits in child psychopathy. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 280–281.
go back to reference Dadds, M. R., Hawes, D. J., Frost, A. D., Vassallo, V., Bunn, P., Hunter, K., & Merz, S. (2008a). The measurement of empathy in children using parent reports. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 39, 111–122.CrossRefPubMed Dadds, M. R., Hawes, D. J., Frost, A. D., Vassallo, V., Bunn, P., Hunter, K., & Merz, S. (2008a). The measurement of empathy in children using parent reports. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 39, 111–122.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dadds, M. R., El Masry, Y., Wimalaweera, S., & Guastella, A. J. (2008b). Reduced eye gaze explains “fear blindness” in childhood psychopathic traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 455–463.CrossRefPubMed Dadds, M. R., El Masry, Y., Wimalaweera, S., & Guastella, A. J. (2008b). Reduced eye gaze explains “fear blindness” in childhood psychopathic traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 455–463.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dadds, M. R., Hawes, D. J., Frost, A. D., Vassallo, S., Bunn, P., Hunter, K., & Merz, S. (2009). Learning to ‘talk the talk’: the relationship of psychopathic traits to deficits in empathy across childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 599–606.CrossRefPubMed Dadds, M. R., Hawes, D. J., Frost, A. D., Vassallo, S., Bunn, P., Hunter, K., & Merz, S. (2009). Learning to ‘talk the talk’: the relationship of psychopathic traits to deficits in empathy across childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 599–606.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dawel, A., O’Kearney, R., McKone, E., & Palermo, R. (2012). Not just fear and sadness: meta-analytic evidence of pervasive emotion recognition deficits for facial and vocal expressions in psychopathy. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 2288–2304.CrossRef Dawel, A., O’Kearney, R., McKone, E., & Palermo, R. (2012). Not just fear and sadness: meta-analytic evidence of pervasive emotion recognition deficits for facial and vocal expressions in psychopathy. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 2288–2304.CrossRef
go back to reference Eisenstadt, T. H., McElreath, L. S., Eyberg, S. M., & McNeil, C. B. (1994). Interparent agreement on the eyberg child behavior inventory. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 16, 21–28.CrossRef Eisenstadt, T. H., McElreath, L. S., Eyberg, S. M., & McNeil, C. B. (1994). Interparent agreement on the eyberg child behavior inventory. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 16, 21–28.CrossRef
go back to reference Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1976). Pictures of facial affect. Palo Alto:Consulting Psychologists Press. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1976). Pictures of facial affect. Palo Alto:Consulting Psychologists Press.
go back to reference Essau, C. A., Sasagawa, S., & Frick, P. J. (2006). Callous–unemotional traits in community sample of adolescents. Assessment, 13, 454–469.CrossRefPubMed Essau, C. A., Sasagawa, S., & Frick, P. J. (2006). Callous–unemotional traits in community sample of adolescents. Assessment, 13, 454–469.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Eyberg, S. M., & Pincus, D. (1999). Eyberg child behavior inventory and Sutter-Eyberg student behavior inventory-revised: Professional manual. Odessa:Psychological Assessment Resources. Eyberg, S. M., & Pincus, D. (1999). Eyberg child behavior inventory and Sutter-Eyberg student behavior inventory-revised: Professional manual. Odessa:Psychological Assessment Resources.
go back to reference Ezpeleta, L., de la Osa, N., Granero, R., Penelo, E., & Domènech, J. M. (2013). Inventory of callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of preschoolers. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42, 91–105.CrossRef Ezpeleta, L., de la Osa, N., Granero, R., Penelo, E., & Domènech, J. M. (2013). Inventory of callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of preschoolers. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42, 91–105.CrossRef
go back to reference Fanti, K. A., Frick, P. J., & Georgiou, S. (2009). Linking callous-unemotional traits to instrumental and noninstrumental forms of aggression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 285–298.CrossRef Fanti, K. A., Frick, P. J., & Georgiou, S. (2009). Linking callous-unemotional traits to instrumental and noninstrumental forms of aggression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 285–298.CrossRef
go back to reference Fanti, K. A., Panayiotou, G., Lazarou, C., Michael, R., & Georgiou, G. (2015). The better of two evils? Evidence that children exhibiting continuous conduct problems high or low on callous-unemotional traits score on opposite directions on physiological and behavioral measures of fear. Development and Psychopathology. doi:10.1017/S0954579415000371.PubMed Fanti, K. A., Panayiotou, G., Lazarou, C., Michael, R., & Georgiou, G. (2015). The better of two evils? Evidence that children exhibiting continuous conduct problems high or low on callous-unemotional traits score on opposite directions on physiological and behavioral measures of fear. Development and Psychopathology. doi:10.​1017/​S095457941500037​1.PubMed
go back to reference Frick, P. J. (2004). Developmental pathways to conduct disorder: implications for serving youth who show severe aggressive and antisocial behavior. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 823–834.CrossRef Frick, P. J. (2004). Developmental pathways to conduct disorder: implications for serving youth who show severe aggressive and antisocial behavior. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 823–834.CrossRef
go back to reference Frick, P. J., & Hare, R. D. (2001). The Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD). Toronto:Multi-Health Systems. Frick, P. J., & Hare, R. D. (2001). The Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD). Toronto:Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference Frick, P. J., Bodin, S. D., & Barry, C. T. (2000). Psychopathic traits and conduct problems in community and clinic-referred samples of children: further development of the psychopathy screening device. Psychological Assessment, 12, 382–393.CrossRefPubMed Frick, P. J., Bodin, S. D., & Barry, C. T. (2000). Psychopathic traits and conduct problems in community and clinic-referred samples of children: further development of the psychopathy screening device. Psychological Assessment, 12, 382–393.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014). Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? A comprehensive review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1–57.CrossRefPubMed Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014). Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? A comprehensive review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1–57.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Funderburk, B. W., & Eyberg, S. M. (1989). Psychometric characteristics of the Sutter-Eyberg student behavior inventory: a school behavior rating scale for use with preschool children. Behavioral Assessment, 11, 297–313. Funderburk, B. W., & Eyberg, S. M. (1989). Psychometric characteristics of the Sutter-Eyberg student behavior inventory: a school behavior rating scale for use with preschool children. Behavioral Assessment, 11, 297–313.
go back to reference Funderburk, B. W., Eyberg, S. M., Rich, B. A., & Behar, L. (2003). Further psychometric evaluation of the Eyberg and Behar rating scales for parents and teachers of preschoolers. Early Educational Development, 14, 67–81.CrossRef Funderburk, B. W., Eyberg, S. M., Rich, B. A., & Behar, L. (2003). Further psychometric evaluation of the Eyberg and Behar rating scales for parents and teachers of preschoolers. Early Educational Development, 14, 67–81.CrossRef
go back to reference Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586.CrossRefPubMed Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Haas, S. M., Waschbusch, D. A., Pelham, W. R., King, S., Andrade, B. F., & Carrey, N. J. (2011). Treatment response in CP/ADHD children with callous/unemotional traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 541–552.CrossRefPubMed Haas, S. M., Waschbusch, D. A., Pelham, W. R., King, S., Andrade, B. F., & Carrey, N. J. (2011). Treatment response in CP/ADHD children with callous/unemotional traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 541–552.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hare, R. D. (1991). The hare psychopathy checklist revised. Toronto:Multi-Health Systems. Hare, R. D. (1991). The hare psychopathy checklist revised. Toronto:Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference Hawes, D. J., & Dadds, M. R. (2007). Stability and malleability of callous-unemotional traits during treatment for childhood conduct problems. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 36, 347–355.CrossRef Hawes, D. J., & Dadds, M. R. (2007). Stability and malleability of callous-unemotional traits during treatment for childhood conduct problems. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 36, 347–355.CrossRef
go back to reference Hawes, D. J., Dadds, M. R., Brennan, J., Rhodes, T., & Cauchi, A. (2013). Revisiting the treatment of conduct problems in children with callous-unemotional traits. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17, 248–267.CrossRef Hawes, D. J., Dadds, M. R., Brennan, J., Rhodes, T., & Cauchi, A. (2013). Revisiting the treatment of conduct problems in children with callous-unemotional traits. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17, 248–267.CrossRef
go back to reference Hawes, D. J., Price, M. J., & Dadds, M. R. (2014a). Callous-unemotional traits and the treatment of conduct problems in childhood and adolescence: a comprehensive review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17, 248–267.CrossRefPubMed Hawes, D. J., Price, M. J., & Dadds, M. R. (2014a). Callous-unemotional traits and the treatment of conduct problems in childhood and adolescence: a comprehensive review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17, 248–267.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hawes, S. W., Byrd, A. L., Henderson, C. E., Gazda, R. L., Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., & Pardini, D. A. (2014b). Refining the parent-reported inventory of callous-unemotional traits in boys with conduct problems. Psychological Assessment, 26, 256–266.CrossRefPubMed Hawes, S. W., Byrd, A. L., Henderson, C. E., Gazda, R. L., Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., & Pardini, D. A. (2014b). Refining the parent-reported inventory of callous-unemotional traits in boys with conduct problems. Psychological Assessment, 26, 256–266.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Houghton, S., Hunter, S. C., & Crow, J. (2013). Assessing callous unemotional traits in children aged 7- to 12-years: a confirmatory factor analysis of the inventory of callous unemotional traits. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 35, 215–222.CrossRef Houghton, S., Hunter, S. C., & Crow, J. (2013). Assessing callous unemotional traits in children aged 7- to 12-years: a confirmatory factor analysis of the inventory of callous unemotional traits. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 35, 215–222.CrossRef
go back to reference Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55.CrossRef Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55.CrossRef
go back to reference Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Boris, N. W., Smyke, A. T., Cornell, A. H., Farrell, J. M., & Zeanah, C. H. (2006a). Callous-unemotional features, behavioral inhibition, and parenting: independent predictors of aggression in a high-risk preschool sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15, 745–756.CrossRef Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Boris, N. W., Smyke, A. T., Cornell, A. H., Farrell, J. M., & Zeanah, C. H. (2006a). Callous-unemotional features, behavioral inhibition, and parenting: independent predictors of aggression in a high-risk preschool sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15, 745–756.CrossRef
go back to reference Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Fazekas, H., & Loney, B. R. (2006b). Psychopathy, aggression and the processing of emotional stimuli in non-referred girls and boys. Behavioral Sciences and The Law, 24, 21–37.CrossRefPubMed Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Fazekas, H., & Loney, B. R. (2006b). Psychopathy, aggression and the processing of emotional stimuli in non-referred girls and boys. Behavioral Sciences and The Law, 24, 21–37.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Muñoz, L. C., & Aucoin, K. J. (2007). Can a laboratory measure of emotional processing enhance the statistical prediction of aggression and delinquency in detained adolescents with callous-unemotional traits? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 773–785.CrossRefPubMed Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Muñoz, L. C., & Aucoin, K. J. (2007). Can a laboratory measure of emotional processing enhance the statistical prediction of aggression and delinquency in detained adolescents with callous-unemotional traits? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 773–785.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Muñoz, L. C., & Aucoin, K. J. (2008a). Callous-unemotional traits and the emotional processing of distress cues in detained boys. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 569–589.CrossRefPubMed Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Muñoz, L. C., & Aucoin, K. J. (2008a). Callous-unemotional traits and the emotional processing of distress cues in detained boys. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 569–589.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Skeem, J., Marsee, M. A., Cruise, K., Muñoz, L. C., Aucoin, K. J., & Morris, A. S. (2008b). Assessing callous-unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits. Journal of the International Association of Psychiatry and Law, 31, 241–251.CrossRef Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Skeem, J., Marsee, M. A., Cruise, K., Muñoz, L. C., Aucoin, K. J., & Morris, A. S. (2008b). Assessing callous-unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits. Journal of the International Association of Psychiatry and Law, 31, 241–251.CrossRef
go back to reference Kimonis, E. R., Branch, J., Hagman, B., Graham, N., & Miller, C. (2013). The psychometric properties of the inventory of callous–unemotional traits in an undergraduate sample. Psychological Assessment, 25, 84–93.CrossRefPubMed Kimonis, E. R., Branch, J., Hagman, B., Graham, N., & Miller, C. (2013). The psychometric properties of the inventory of callous–unemotional traits in an undergraduate sample. Psychological Assessment, 25, 84–93.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kimonis, E. R., Bagner, D. M., Linares, D., Blake, C. A., & Rodriguez, G. (2014a). Parent training outcomes among young children with callous–unemotional conduct problems with or at risk for developmental delay. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 437–448.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kimonis, E. R., Bagner, D. M., Linares, D., Blake, C. A., & Rodriguez, G. (2014a). Parent training outcomes among young children with callous–unemotional conduct problems with or at risk for developmental delay. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 437–448.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kimonis, E. R., Fanti, K., Goldweber, A., Marsee, M. A., Frick, P. J., & Cauffman, E. (2014b). Callous-unemotional traits in incarcerated adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 26, 227–237.CrossRefPubMed Kimonis, E. R., Fanti, K., Goldweber, A., Marsee, M. A., Frick, P. J., & Cauffman, E. (2014b). Callous-unemotional traits in incarcerated adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 26, 227–237.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kochanska, G., & Thompson, R. A. (1997). The emergence and development of conscience in toddlerhood and early childhood. In J. E. Grusec, & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children’s internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 53–77). Hoboken: Wiley. Kochanska, G., & Thompson, R. A. (1997). The emergence and development of conscience in toddlerhood and early childhood. In J. E. Grusec, & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children’s internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 53–77). Hoboken: Wiley.
go back to reference Kolko, D. J., & Pardini, D. A. (2010). ODD dimensions, ADHD, and callous–unemotional traits as predictors of treatment response in children with disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 713–725.CrossRefPubMed Kolko, D. J., & Pardini, D. A. (2010). ODD dimensions, ADHD, and callous–unemotional traits as predictors of treatment response in children with disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 713–725.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lang, P., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action. In P. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97–136). Hillsdale: Erlbaum. Lang, P., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action. In P. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97–136). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Loeber, R., Burke, J., & Pardini, D. A. (2009). Perspectives on oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and psychopathic features. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 133–142.CrossRefPubMed Loeber, R., Burke, J., & Pardini, D. A. (2009). Perspectives on oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and psychopathic features. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 133–142.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lorber, M. F. (2004). Psychophysiology of aggression, psychopathy, and conduct problems: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 531–552.CrossRefPubMed Lorber, M. F. (2004). Psychophysiology of aggression, psychopathy, and conduct problems: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 531–552.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lynam, D. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2007). Longitudinal evidence that psychopathy scores in early adolescence predict adult psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 155–165.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lynam, D. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2007). Longitudinal evidence that psychopathy scores in early adolescence predict adult psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 155–165.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15–20.CrossRefPubMed MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15–20.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Marsh, A. A., & Blair, R. J. R. (2008). Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: a meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 454–465.CrossRef Marsh, A. A., & Blair, R. J. R. (2008). Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: a meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 454–465.CrossRef
go back to reference McMahon, R. J., Witkiewitz, K., Kotler, J. S., & The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (2010). Predictive validity of callous–unemotional traits measured in early adolescence with respect to multiple antisocial outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 752–763.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral McMahon, R. J., Witkiewitz, K., Kotler, J. S., & The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (2010). Predictive validity of callous–unemotional traits measured in early adolescence with respect to multiple antisocial outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 752–763.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference McManis, M. H., Bradley, M. M., Berg, W. K., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotional reactions in children: verbal, physiological, and behavioral responses to affective pictures. Psychophysiology, 38, 222–231.CrossRefPubMed McManis, M. H., Bradley, M. M., Berg, W. K., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotional reactions in children: verbal, physiological, and behavioral responses to affective pictures. Psychophysiology, 38, 222–231.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Muñoz, L. C. (2009). Callous-unemotional traits are related to combined deficits in recognizing afraid faces and body poses. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 554–562.CrossRef Muñoz, L. C. (2009). Callous-unemotional traits are related to combined deficits in recognizing afraid faces and body poses. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 554–562.CrossRef
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2013). Mplus users guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2013). Mplus users guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
go back to reference Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York:McGraw-Hill. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York:McGraw-Hill.
go back to reference Pardini, D., White, H. R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2007). Early adolescent psychopathology as a predictor of alcohol use disorders by young adulthood. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88, S38–S49.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Pardini, D., White, H. R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2007). Early adolescent psychopathology as a predictor of alcohol use disorders by young adulthood. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88, S38–S49.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Piacentini, J. C., Cohen, P., & Cohen, J. (1992). Combining discrepant diagnostic information from multiple sources: are complex algorithms better than simple ones? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 51–63.CrossRefPubMed Piacentini, J. C., Cohen, P., & Cohen, J. (1992). Combining discrepant diagnostic information from multiple sources: are complex algorithms better than simple ones? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 51–63.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ray, J. V., Frick, P. J., Thornton, L. C., Steinberg, L., & Cauffman, E. (2015). Positive and negative item wording and its influence on the assessment of callous-unemotional traits. Psychological Assessment. Advance online publication. Ray, J. V., Frick, P. J., Thornton, L. C., Steinberg, L., & Cauffman, E. (2015). Positive and negative item wording and its influence on the assessment of callous-unemotional traits. Psychological Assessment. Advance online publication.
go back to reference Roose, A., Bijttbier, P., Decoene, S., Claes, L., & Frick, P. J. (2010). Assessing the affective features of psychopathy in adolescence: a further validation of the inventory of callous and unemotional traits. Assessment, 17, 44–57.CrossRefPubMed Roose, A., Bijttbier, P., Decoene, S., Claes, L., & Frick, P. J. (2010). Assessing the affective features of psychopathy in adolescence: a further validation of the inventory of callous and unemotional traits. Assessment, 17, 44–57.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluatiny the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23–74. Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluatiny the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23–74.
go back to reference Schmitt, N., & Stults, D. M. (1985). Factors defined by negatively keyed items: the result of careless respondents? Applied Psychological Measurement, 9, 367–373.CrossRef Schmitt, N., & Stults, D. M. (1985). Factors defined by negatively keyed items: the result of careless respondents? Applied Psychological Measurement, 9, 367–373.CrossRef
go back to reference Shaw, D. S., Gilliom, M., Ingoldsby, E. M., & Nagin, D. S. (2003). Trajectories leading to school-age conduct problems. Developmental Psychology, 39, 189–200.CrossRefPubMed Shaw, D. S., Gilliom, M., Ingoldsby, E. M., & Nagin, D. S. (2003). Trajectories leading to school-age conduct problems. Developmental Psychology, 39, 189–200.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Miltner, W. H., & Rainville, P. (2006). Brain responses to dynamic facial expressions of pain. Pain, 126, 309–318.CrossRefPubMed Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Miltner, W. H., & Rainville, P. (2006). Brain responses to dynamic facial expressions of pain. Pain, 126, 309–318.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sutter, J., & Eyberg, S. (1984). Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory. (Available from Sheila Eyberg, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Box J-165, HSC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Sutter, J., & Eyberg, S. (1984). Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory. (Available from Sheila Eyberg, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Box J-165, HSC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
go back to reference Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). The reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38, 1–10.CrossRef Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). The reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38, 1–10.CrossRef
go back to reference Viding, E., & Kimonis, E. R. (2015). Callous-unemotional traits in children and youth. In C. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathy (2nd ed., ). New York: The Guilford Press (in press). Viding, E., & Kimonis, E. R. (2015). Callous-unemotional traits in children and youth. In C. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathy (2nd ed., ). New York: The Guilford Press (in press).
go back to reference Viding, E., Frick, P. J., & Plomin, R. (2007). Aetiology of the relationship between callous–unemotional traits and conduct problems in childhood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(suppl 49), 33–38.CrossRef Viding, E., Frick, P. J., & Plomin, R. (2007). Aetiology of the relationship between callous–unemotional traits and conduct problems in childhood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(suppl 49), 33–38.CrossRef
go back to reference Viding, E., Sebastian, C. L., Dadds, M. R., Lockwood, P. L., Cecil, C. A., De Brito, S. A., & McCrory, E. J. (2012). Amygdala response to preattentive masked fear in children with conduct problems: the role of callous-unemotional traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 1109–1116.CrossRefPubMed Viding, E., Sebastian, C. L., Dadds, M. R., Lockwood, P. L., Cecil, C. A., De Brito, S. A., & McCrory, E. J. (2012). Amygdala response to preattentive masked fear in children with conduct problems: the role of callous-unemotional traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 1109–1116.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Vitacco, M. J., Rogers, R., & Neumann, C. S. (2003). The antisocial process screening device an examination of its construct and criterion-related validity. Assessment, 10, 143–150. Vitacco, M. J., Rogers, R., & Neumann, C. S. (2003). The antisocial process screening device an examination of its construct and criterion-related validity. Assessment, 10, 143–150.
go back to reference Willoughby, M. T., Waschbusch, D. A., Moore, G. A., & Propper, C. B. (2011). Using the ASEBA to screen for callous unemotional traits in early childhood: factor structure, temporal stability, and utility. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33, 19–30.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Willoughby, M. T., Waschbusch, D. A., Moore, G. A., & Propper, C. B. (2011). Using the ASEBA to screen for callous unemotional traits in early childhood: factor structure, temporal stability, and utility. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33, 19–30.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Willoughby, M. T., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Waschbusch, D. A., & Gottfredson, N. C. (2015). An examination of the parent report version of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of first-grade children. Assessment, 22, 76–85.CrossRefPubMed Willoughby, M. T., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Waschbusch, D. A., & Gottfredson, N. C. (2015). An examination of the parent report version of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of first-grade children. Assessment, 22, 76–85.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Zisser, A., & Eyberg, S. M. (2010). Treating oppositional behavior in children using parent-child interaction therapy. In A. E. Kazdin, & J. R. Weisz (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (second ed., ). New York: Guilford. Zisser, A., & Eyberg, S. M. (2010). Treating oppositional behavior in children using parent-child interaction therapy. In A. E. Kazdin, & J. R. Weisz (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (second ed., ). New York: Guilford.
Metagegevens
Titel
Can Callous-Unemotional Traits be Reliably Measured in Preschoolers?
Auteurs
Eva R. Kimonis
Kostas A. Fanti
Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous
Biran Mertan
Natalie Goulter
Evita Katsimicha
Publicatiedatum
07-09-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 4/2016
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0075-y

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2016

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 4/2016 Naar de uitgave